章节正文
《中庸》中英文版
第十六章 知天--天生我材必有用
子曰："舜其大孝也与！德为圣人，尊为天子，富有四海之内。宗庙飨之，子孙保之。故大德必得其位，必得其禄，必得其名，必得其寿。故天之生物，必因其材而笃焉。故栽者培之，倾者覆之。《诗》曰：'嘉乐君子，宪宪令德。宜民宜人，受禄于天。保佑命之，自天申之。'故大德者必受命。"
The Master said, "How greatly filial was Shun! His virtue was that of a sage; his dignity was the throne; his riches were all within the four seas. He offered his sacrifices in his ancestral temple, and his descendants preserved the sacrifices to himself.
"Therefore having such great virtue, it could not but be that he should obtain the throne, that he should obtain those riches, that he should obtain his fame, that he should attain to his long life.
"Thus it is that Heaven, in the production of things, is sure to be bountiful to them, according to their qualities. Hence the tree that is flourishing, it nourishes, while that which is ready to fall, it overthrows.
"In the Book of Poetry, it is said, 'The admirableamiable prince displayed conspicuously his excelling virtue, adjusting his people, and adjusting his officers. Therefore, he received from Heaven his emoluments of dignity. It protected him, assisted him, decreed him the throne; sending from Heaven these favors, as it were repeatedly.'
"We may say therefore that he who is greatly virtuous will be sure to receive the appointment of Heaven."
【原文】
子曰："舜其大孝也与？德为圣人，尊为天子，富有四海之内。宗庙飨之（1），子孙保之。故大德必得其位，必得其禄，必得其名，必得其寿。故天之生物，必因其材（2）而笃（3）焉。故栽者培之（4），倾者覆之（5）。《诗》曰：'嘉乐君子，宪宪令德。宜民宜人，受禄于天。保佑命之，自天申之。'（6）故大德者必受命。"
【注释】
（1）宗庙：古代天子、诸侯祭祀先王的地方。飨（xiang）：一种祭祀形式，祭先王。之，代词，指舜。（2）材，资质，本性。（3）笃：厚，这里指厚待。 （4）培：培育。 （5）覆：倾覆，摧败。（6）"嘉乐君子......"：引自《诗经•大雅•假乐》。嘉乐，即《诗经》之"假乐"，"假"通"嘉"，意为美善。宪宪，《诗经》作"显显"，显明兴盛的样子。令，美好。申，重申。
【译文】
孔子说："舜该是个最孝顺的人了吧？德行方面是圣人，地位上是尊贵的天子，财富拥有整个天下，宗庙里祭祀他，子子孙孙都保持他的功业。所以，有大德的人必定得到他应得的地位，必定得到他应得的财富，必定得到他应得的名声，必定得到他应得的长寿。所以，上天生养万物，必定根据它们的资质而厚待它们。能成材的得到培育，不能成材的就遭到淘汰。《诗经》说：'高尚优雅的君子，有光明美好的德行，让人民安居乐业，享受上天赐予的福禄。上天保佑他，任用他，给他以重大的使命。'所以，有大德的人必定会承受天命。"
【读解】
天生我材必有用。
只要你修身而提高德行，"居易以俟命"，总有一天会受命于天，担当起治国平天下的重任。到那时，名誉、地位、财富都已不在话下，应有的都会有。就像前苏联故事片《列宁在十月》里的主人公瓦西里说的："面包会有的，一切都会有的。"
由此看来，儒学并不是绝对排斥功利，而只是反对那种急功近利，不安分守己的做法。换言之，儒学所强调的，是从内功练起，修养自身，提高自身的德行和才能，然后顺其自然，水到渠成地获得自己应该获得的一切。
这其实也正是中庸之道的精神--凡事不走偏锋，不走极端，而是循序渐进，一步一个脚印走下去。
关键字:中庸
生词表:
第十六章 知天--天生我材必有用
子曰："舜其大孝也与！德为圣人，尊为天子，富有四海之内。宗庙飨之，子孙保之。故大德必得其位，必得其禄，必得其名，必得其寿。故天之生物，必因其材而笃焉。故栽者培之，倾者覆之。《诗》曰：'嘉乐君子，宪宪令德。宜民宜人，受禄于天。保佑命之，自天申之。'故大德者必受命。"
The Master said, "How greatly filial was Shun! His virtue was that of a sage; his dignity was the throne; his riches were all within the four seas. He offered his sacrifices in his ancestral temple, and his descendants preserved the sacrifices to himself.
"Therefore having such great virtue, it could not but be that he should obtain the throne, that he should obtain those riches, that he should obtain his fame, that he should attain to his long life.
"Thus it is that Heaven, in the production of things, is sure to be bountiful to them, according to their qualities. Hence the tree that is flourishing, it nourishes, while that which is ready to fall, it overthrows.
"In the Book of Poetry, it is said, 'The admirableamiable prince displayed conspicuously his excelling virtue, adjusting his people, and adjusting his officers. Therefore, he received from Heaven his emoluments of dignity. It protected him, assisted him, decreed him the throne; sending from Heaven these favors, as it were repeatedly.'
"We may say therefore that he who is greatly virtuous will be sure to receive the appointment of Heaven."
【原文】
子曰："舜其大孝也与？德为圣人，尊为天子，富有四海之内。宗庙飨之（1），子孙保之。故大德必得其位，必得其禄，必得其名，必得其寿。故天之生物，必因其材（2）而笃（3）焉。故栽者培之（4），倾者覆之（5）。《诗》曰：'嘉乐君子，宪宪令德。宜民宜人，受禄于天。保佑命之，自天申之。'（6）故大德者必受命。"
【注释】
（1）宗庙：古代天子、诸侯祭祀先王的地方。飨（xiang）：一种祭祀形式，祭先王。之，代词，指舜。（2）材，资质，本性。（3）笃：厚，这里指厚待。 （4）培：培育。 （5）覆：倾覆，摧败。（6）"嘉乐君子......"：引自《诗经•大雅•假乐》。嘉乐，即《诗经》之"假乐"，"假"通"嘉"，意为美善。宪宪，《诗经》作"显显"，显明兴盛的样子。令，美好。申，重申。
【译文】
孔子说："舜该是个最孝顺的人了吧？德行方面是圣人，地位上是尊贵的天子，财富拥有整个天下，宗庙里祭祀他，子子孙孙都保持他的功业。所以，有大德的人必定得到他应得的地位，必定得到他应得的财富，必定得到他应得的名声，必定得到他应得的长寿。所以，上天生养万物，必定根据它们的资质而厚待它们。能成材的得到培育，不能成材的就遭到淘汰。《诗经》说：'高尚优雅的君子，有光明美好的德行，让人民安居乐业，享受上天赐予的福禄。上天保佑他，任用他，给他以重大的使命。'所以，有大德的人必定会承受天命。"
【读解】
天生我材必有用。
只要你修身而提高德行，"居易以俟命"，总有一天会受命于天，担当起治国平天下的重任。到那时，名誉、地位、财富都已不在话下，应有的都会有。就像前苏联故事片《列宁在十月》里的主人公瓦西里说的："面包会有的，一切都会有的。"
由此看来，儒学并不是绝对排斥功利，而只是反对那种急功近利，不安分守己的做法。换言之，儒学所强调的，是从内功练起，修养自身，提高自身的德行和才能，然后顺其自然，水到渠成地获得自己应该获得的一切。
这其实也正是中庸之道的精神--凡事不走偏锋，不走极端，而是循序渐进，一步一个脚印走下去。
关键字:中庸
生词表:
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