2002年12月研究生英语学位考试全真考试试卷

Part I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes, 15 points) Section A (1 point each)

1. A. He owns a radio factory. B. He owns an audio-video center.

C. He is a technician in a factory. D. He works at a radio station.

2. A. The woman works in a bookstore. B. The two speakers are visiting a museum.

C. The man is going to write a science fiction. D. The two speakers are talking about a movie.

3. A. A laser printer. B. A color printer.

C. A color copier. D. A computer.

4. A. The man doesn't have as many hobbies as the woman.

B. The woman is a professional painter.

C. The man is good at painting.

D. The woman doesn't have much leisure time.

5. A. A museum tour guide. B. A college teacher.

C. An at-home-mother. D. An aeronautical engineer.

6. A. John will keep walking. B. They have no idea what to do next.

C. They are going to buy some hot dogs. D. They'll eat in a table-service restaurant.

7. A. At home. B. In a hotel,

C. At a friend's house. D. In a school dorm.

8. A. The post office. B. A map store.

C. The local police station, D. A gas station.

9. A. They have both graduated. B. They are with the same company.

C. They both lost their jobs. D. They are both in a computer class

Section B (1 point each)

Questions 10 through 12 are based on the talk you have just heard.

10. A. Telecommunication was introduced.

B. Written communication developed rapidly.

C. People wrote postcards with pencils.

D. More people learned to; read and write.

11. A. They were used to promote business sales.

B. They were .collected, and traded by people.

C. People read postcards to get information on politics.

D. People used postcards to save on postage.

12. A. Laws that allowed postcards to be used as advertisements

B. Laws that allowed postcards to replace letters completely.

C. Laws that allowed manufacturers to develop postcard businesses.

D. Laws that allowed the use of postcards as a means of communication.

Questions 13 through 15 are based on the talk you have just heard.

13. A. Speaking smart in public.

B. Helping speech-impaired people.

C. Ways to help hearing-impaired people.

D. Ways to help reduce stammering.

14. A. They work with family members of the patients.

B. They work independently.

C. They work. with other specialists.

D. They work with physical health consultants.

15. A. The therapists let them 'imitate essential speech patterns.

B. The therapists let physicians treat them first.

C. The therapists ask them to ignore their anxiety.

D. The therapists use a program of speech exercise.

Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)

Section A (0. 5 point each)

16. Few people can give a coherent account of the film they saw the week before last.

A. clear B. liable C. chronic D. classical

17. He was a devotedscientist and made a thorough study of the plants in the area.

A. vigorous B. rigorous C. harsh D. ridiculous.

18. These red crosses on the drawingdesignate all the possible entrances to the ancient castle.

A. entitle B. indicate C. define D. clarify

19. Modern printing equipment quickly turns out duplicate copies of textual and pictorial matter.

A. excessive B. illustrated C. legible D. identical

20. Buyers have withdrawn from the market in view of the abrupt turn of the trend of prices.

A. unexpected B. ongoing C. enduring D. accelerated

21. I am always suspicious of anyone who wants to sell-me something on the ...cheap.

A. believable B. incredible C. doubtful D. curious

22. Susan has been blind from birth but she did not let her handicap stop her from going to college.

A. virtue B. insulation C. hindrance D. thrift

23. He described the situation as very dangerous and called for resolute action.

A. determined B. shaken C. courteous D. hopeful

24. Nuclear electric power reactors should be built on two major premises of assuring safety and strengthening disaster prevention systems, for emergencies.

A. guarantees B. preconditions C. convictions D. interactions

25. The players frustration mounted as the rain continued to pour down outside.

A. contentment B. disappointment C. gratification D. uproar

Section B (0.5 point each)

26. When a lawyer ____ a case, he or she tries to prove that the person who is on trial is guilty.

A. proclaims B. profiles C. propagates D. prosecutes

27. The doctor explained that he was prescribing a ______ drug; hence I needed only a very small dosage.

A. stout B. vigorous C. potent D. potential

28. Can you tell me on what ______ you believe he has killed the man?

A. grounds B. fountain C. proof. D. conclusion.

29. The tests are supposed to provide a basis for he _____ of children.

A. assignment B. assessment C. detachment D. appointment

30. By helpful kindness the teacher _______the new boy's shyness.

A. broke away B. broke off C. broke out D. broke d0wn,

31. Long skirts, have been out of fashion for a long time, but they are ____ this year.

A. coming put B. coming back C. coming on D. coming/off

32. Buildings are left to decay at the _____ of vandals and, the weather.

A. point B. attribute C. judgment D. mercy

33. "I need a little time to answer you," the speaker replied, and you could see that question had____ him off his balance.

A. made B. taken C. thrown D. got

34. Tidying up, in fall, many Swedish farmers machine-wrap their hay in "air-tight polyethylene to ____ it through winter.

A. prolong B. protect C. pile D. preserve

35. With the aid of a sonar type electronic device that he wears on his head, the blind man is learning to ____ the. People and objects around him by means of echoes.

A. provoke B. specify C. stimulate D. identify

Part I Cloze Test (10 minutes, 15 points)

Scientists who study the Earth's climate are convinced that volcanoeruptions have a significant effect on general weather patterns. In fact, one of the. many _(36)_ which attempt to explain how an ice. age begins holds that the __(37)__ is a dramatic increase in volcaniceruptions. The volcanicexplosions, besides causing local thunderstorms and lightning, inject great amounts of gas and __(38)_ into the stratosphere. At. This_ (39)_ , the volcanic material spreads all the way around the Earth. This volcanic material (40) a certain amount of sunlight and (41) some back into space. The net result is to (42) the planet's surface. For instance, (43) was perhaps the largest eruption occurred in 1883 when the Indonesia volcano Krakatoa exploded. The following year was (44) in Europe as the "year without summer" because the. (45) was so cool and rainy.

While there is (46) scientific agreement that volcaniceruption can lead to; cooling, (47) of how this happens are not clear. As a result, scientists cannot (48) whether the volcanic activity which (49) past ice ages would result (50) sufficient cooling to cause a glacial period. Similarly, it is not possible .for scientists to predict the climate effect of a future volcaniceruption with any confidence.

36. A. theories B. inventions- C. judgments D. discoveries

37. A. cause B. course C. means D. case

38. A. petroleum B. ash C. flame D. garbage

39. A. relation B. instance C. moment D. altitude

40. A. scatters B. releases C. constitutes D. absorbs

41. A. carries B. converts C. reflects D. gathers

42. A. cool B. warm C. freeze D. heat

43. A. such, B. what C. there D. that

44. A. known B. reported C. marked D. testified

45. A. air B. temperature C. sky: D. weather

46. A. committed v B. optimistic C. general D. absolute

47. A. indexes B. predictions C. details D. decisions

48. A. analyze B. determine C. assure D. assume

49. A. confronted B. promoted C. proceeded D. preceded

50. A. in. B. front C. to D. with

Part IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points)

Passage 1

So far as I know Miss Barireah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be .happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if. what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning living and supporting his family.

The antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it ,but it is purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.

Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as laborer work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not for example, coincide with the difference between manual and a mental job; a gardener or cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently" title="ad.有效地；能胜任地">efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of coronaries and forget their wives' birthdays. To be the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.

51. The best title for the passage could be ___________.

A. Work, Labor and Play B. Ways Leading to Happiness

C. The Most Desirable Job in the World D. The Necessity of Leisure

52. If a person wishes to be happy; _________.

A. he must have something to do

B. he must realize the essential difference between work and labor

C. he must feel free first of all

D. he must do something valuable to society

53. A man is a laborer if _______

A. what he likes to do is not recognized by society

B. he has to make a living or supporting his family

C. he cannot get paid for what he does

D. he is forced to do what he doesn't enjoy

54. According to the passage, what is society's attitude toward the game we play?

A. Society regards play as another kind of labor.

B. Society doesn't care what we play at all.

C. Society forbids us to play any game.

D. Society cares for private games very much.

55. Which of the following kinds of person is a worker?

A. A teacher who enjoys working with students

B. A white-collar employee, who is well paid

C. A man who does not mix work with play

D. A man who has good appetite and enjoys good health

56. What does the laborer think of' leisure?

A. He thinks he-has no time for it since he has to support his family.

B. He wishes to have as little leisure as possible

C. He hopes to have more leisure to play

D. He thinks it more important than health and family.

Passage 2

For decades, "U.S. school kids have chewed nervously on their No. 2 pencils as they sweated over multiple-choice exams. Now, testing fever is about to liven up. Sates are beginning to put into practice the No Children Let Behind Act the sweeping education law George Bush signed last January. The decisions reach state makes about how to proceed with the bill's mandates will determine whether "it improves .the' education children receive--or actually lowers educational standards.

The scramble to meet the law's ambitious goals is already under way. States are required to test the math and English proficiency of every child, in grades three through eight, which must begin no later than 2005. Each year thereafter, schools must show progress on their test fail to improve will be subject to escalating penalties, ranging from being forced to bus their students to better schools to having their administrations tossed out. The idea: Use testing to shine a light on what students are learning and to prod schools to do better.

The concept is simple, the execution. Anything but, because each state ----- not Washington-gets to decide what proficiency means, it can in effect decide just how many schools are "failing". States also get to choose which testing system to use. If they follow the advice of most education experts, state officials will devote lots of time and money to designing high-quality tests that reflect the classroom curriculum and well-studied proficiency standards. A handful, such as Maryland and Massachusetts are doing just that.

But at a time of budget crises from Albany (capital city of New York state) to Sacramento (capital city of California State), many education departments are under pressure to take a quicker, less costly approach. With education budgets already under the knife, there are few extra funds to (improve classroom-and test scores-performance.

Facing an aggressive timeline, state educators are setting standards that won't cause too many students to fail on the upcoming tests. Connecticut, for example, recently set its benchmarks so that 80% of students will pass its tests under, the new federal guidelines. Louisiana and Colorado are following suit, while Wyoming set its proficiency goals so low that not a single school in the state is failing. Such moves prompted Education Secretary Rod Paige to fire off a blistering letter to the nation's school commissioners in late October, saying: "Some states have lowered the bar of expectations to hide the low performance of their schools. This is not worthy of a great country."

57. The new education law was meant to ____.

.A. urge schools to guarantee kids' proficiency in basic courses

B. give school kids easier tests in the future

C. push state governments to spend more money on education

D. ensure the right to education for minority and poor students

58. After 2005, a school administrator may get fired if ____. .

A. kids in his school do not show progress on their test scores

B. he doesn't shine a light on what students are learning

C. he does not bus his students to better schools

D. testing system in his school does not reflect the curriculum

59. Which of the following states seems doing well in executing the law?

A. Maryland. B. Connecticut. C. Louisiana. D. Wyoming.

60. The author thinks the new Act is ____.

A. easier said than done

B. of primary importance to the nation

C. raising, the national education standard

D. bound to fail in the future .

61. Some states found it difficult to meet the requirements of the new federal law because they did not __________.

A. have enough funds and time B. want to lose their students

C. like to appear aggressive before the kids

D. think the new standards, were reasonable

62. The author implies that as a result of the new Act,________.

A. educational standards in some states may be lowered

B. state governments will assign more money to education

C. about 20% of the American students may fail their tests

D. testing will eventually be eliminated in most schools

Passage 3

When anti-globalization protesters took to the streets, of Washington last weekend, they blamed globalization for everything from: hunger to the destruction of indigenous cultures. And globalization meant the United States. The critics call. it Coca-Colonization, and French sheep farmer Jose Bove has become a cult figure since destroying a McDonald's restaurant in 1999. Contrary to conventional wisdom, however, globalization is neither homogenizing nor Americanizing the cultures of the world.

To understand why not, we/have to step back-and put the current period in a larger historical" title="a.历史(上)的">historicalperspective. Although they are related, the long-term historical" title="a.历史(上)的">historical trends of globalization and modernization are not the same. While modernization has produced some common traits, such, as-large cities, factories and mass communications, local cultures have by no means been erased. The appearance of similar institutions in response to similar problems is not surprising, but it does not lead to homogeneity. In the first half of the 20th century, for example, there were some similarities among the industrial societies of Britain, Germany, America and Japan, but there were even more important differences. When China, India and Brazil complete their current processes of industrialization and modernization, we should not expect them to be .exact copies of Japan, Germany or the United States.

Take the current information revolution. The United States is at the forefront of this great movement of change, so the uniform social and cultural habits produced by television viewing or Internet,, use,,, for instance, are often attributed to Americanization. But correlation is not causation. Since the United States does exist and is at the leading edge of the information revolution, there is a degree of Americanization at present, but it is likely to diminish over the course of the 21st century as technology spreads and local cultures modernize in their own ways.

Historical proof that globalization does not necessarily mean homogenization can be seen in the case of Japan. In the mid-19th century, it became the Asian country to embrace, globalization and to borrow successfully from the world without losing its uniqueness. Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Japan searched broadly for tools and innovations that would allow it to become a major power rather than a victim of Western imperialism. The lesson that Japan has to teach the rest of the world is that even a century and a .half of openness to global trends does not necessarily assure destruction of a country's separate cultural identity.

63. The purpose of the author is to_______.

A. report the progress of some news event

B. criticize extreme and violent actions

C. recall a certain period of American history

D. convince his readers of his viewpoints

64. Jose Bove is a French farmer who ____.

A. joined the Washington protest as a leading figure

B. believes globalization means Americanization

C. rose to fight against the American traditional wisdom

D. is a supporter of Coca-colonization in the world

65. The author refers to world history prove that modernization __________.

A. does not lead to homogeneity of local cultures

B. is somewhat related to globalization

C. is one of the long-term historical" title="a.历史(上)的">historical trends

D. has produced different traits in industrial countries

66. The author admits that a degree of Americanization dogs "exist because _______.

A. it is a long term historical" title="a.历史(上)的">historical trend of the world

B. industrial societies are almost, exact copies of the United States

C. Internet and TV promote the spread of American social and cultural habits.

D. local cultures are gradually weakened over the course of the 2tst century

67. Japan is mentioned in the passage to show that_________.

A. openness to globalization will not cost a nation's Cultural identity.

B. it was the first Asian country to develop successfully

G. the Meiji Restoration of 1868 was crucial in Japan's history

D. tools and innovations would allow a country to become a major power

68. We may conclude from the discussion here that the author strongly in defense of ________.

A. Americanization B. globalization

C. information revolution D. modernization

Passage 4

Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun's rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise what would

normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant's gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of teat does not begin until well into the day.

Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is the ability replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to drink. Over 100 litters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, oh the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have lithe further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.

69. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. Weather variations in the desert.

B. Adaptations of desert animals.

C. Diseases of desert animals.

D. Human use of desert animals.

70. According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large-desert .animals?

A. It helps them hide from predators.

B. It reflects sunlight and protects the body against heat.

C. It helps them see their young at night

D. It keeps them cool at night.

71. The author uses Grant's gazelle as an example of _______.

A. an animal with a low average temperature