A. They were expert horsemen, B. They changed horses during their shifts.



C. They traveled through dangerous territory. D. They were highly paid.



61. In paragraph 3, the author suggests that___________.



A. endurance was a necessary quality for Pony Express horses



B. Pony Express horses were specially trained



C. Pony Express horses were supplied by their riders



D. mustangs were used for the Pony Express because of their acute directional abilities



62. Based on the text, which of the following persons is mostly likely to have the key to mail pockets?



A. An authorized receiver of the mail.



B. An express rider messenger.



C. A sworn express station clerk.



D. A high-ranking official of the town.



(3)



Some people are accustomed to think that facts must either be believed or they must be disbelieved ---as if belief were like a light switch with only two positions, on or off. My use of the bathtub hoax is intended to illustrate that belief does not have to operate as a simple yes or no choice, all or nothing. Belief can be more conditional; it can be something that we decide to have "up to a point" or "to degree". And so, the question we might ask ourselves while reading does not have to be "Should I believe it or hot?" but instead can be "How much should I believe it?" This latter question implies that the belief we have in any given fact, or in any given idea, is not determined by whether it sounds right or whether the source is an authority, it means that our beliefs are determined by the reason that justify them. Belief is not a mechanical action, brought about by invariable rules of nature. It is a human activity, the exercise of judgment. With this in mind, we might say that we perform this action better when we know what the reasons are that have led to our belief, and why they are good reasons.



These observations do not deprive us of our ability to believe in what we read. They are not intended to transform you from credulous believers into stubborn doubters. The process of weighing beliefs against the quality of reasons is one that you already go through all the time, whether you are aware of it or not. We all do. The practice of critical reading is the exercise of this kind of judgment on purpose. By doing it, we protect ourselves from being led into belief for inadequate reasons, but at the same time we open up our minds to the possibility of arriving at belief for adequate ones. If we decide to grant or withhold consent based on the quality of the reasons that we are given, we admit at the same time that two things are possible; We admit that we might consent less in the future if we discover that the reasons are not so good after all; and we admit that we might consent more if we are ever presented with better reasons than we had formerly known. This attitude is not pure skepticism any more than it is pure credulity. It is somewhere in between. It is the attitude of an open-minded thinker, of someone who wishes to be responsible for deciding for herself or himself what to believe.



63. The author's use of the bathtub hoax is meant to suggest that______



A. facts must be believed unconditionally



B. belief is more than a simple yes or no choice



C. nothing should be believed or disbelieved



D. belief is nothing but a light switch



64. Which question is NOT encouraged to be asked while you are reading?



A. Should I agree with the author?



B. To what extent should I believe it?



C. Why should 1 consent to it?



D. What makes it sound and reasonable?



65. To believe or disbelieve what you read should be based on_____.



A. the facts that you are given



B. whether the author is open-minded or not



C. the quality of reasons provided by the material



D. the assumption that you know about it



66. As a human activity, weighing the facts about something is actually_____.



A. determined by the rules of nature



B. a purposeful performance



C. brought about even at birth



D. experienced by everybody



67. According to the author, which of the following statements is true?



A. our attitude toward what we read may change if we are given, more reasons.



B. An open-minded thinker is responsible for what s/he says.



C. Critical reading can make us believe more in what we read.



D. We ought to question the value of what we read if its source is not authoritative.



68. What is the topic of this passage?



A. Judgment and responsibility.



B. Reading and belief.



C. Distrust and faith.



D. Reading and human activity.



(4)



They are unnecessary but wanting them seems to be part of human nature, Cosmetics are any preparation applied externally to the body so as to condition, beautify, and protect it. Annual sales of cosmetics in America, mostly to women, are approaching 20 billion dollars a year - four times more than the entire motion picture industry makes. Worldwide, cosmetics sales are estimated at four times the U.S. total Of the estimated 1,000 registered cosmetics companies, nearly a third of the sales are by the top three, Avon, Revlon, and Estee Lauder; 55 percent by the top eight.



Cosmetics fall into six categories. The top category is makeup, cosmetics for the face and eyes, having sales of about billion dollars a year. The trend is for makeup that is good for the skin, and the "look" swings from natural and earthy to the fantastic. Women's hair care products are the second biggest category, at about 4.5 billion dollars a year. This market remains strong thanks to specialization-products for oily hair, dandruff, color-treated hair, and so on. Skin care products are a close third at 4.3 billion a year. This category is growing as the population ages. Although studies show that simple ingredients such as lanolin and petroleum jelly produce beneficial results, marketers keep introducing new "improved" products. The fourth largest category, women's fragrances, have yearly sales of 4.1 billion dollars. Fragrances employ sensational advertising to generate a feeling of excitement, glamour, and sex. In contrast, the fifth largest segment, personal cleanliness products at 3.9 billion a year, has a dull image. The smallest market, just a billion dollars a year, is men's toiletries. Experts keep predicting this category will boom, but it has not happened.



69. It is implied in the passage that_____.



A. sales of women's fragrances depend mostly upon advertising



B. a natural look is currently most fashionable



C. personal cleanliness products have greatly improved their image



D. men's cosmetics are likely to become a big category in the near future



70. According to the passage, what proportion of cosmetic sales in the United States?



A. One third B. 50 percent C. 4 percent D. One quarter



71. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the American cosmetic market?



A. It is dominated by foreign-owned corporations.



B. About 1,000 companies make 20 billion dollars every year.



C. The cosmetics industry is dominated by a few big companies.



D. Eight cosmetics companies compete for the U.S. market.



72. According to the passage, modern makeup products are____.



A. the biggest selling category of cosmetics



B. capable of greatly enhancing a woman's appearance



C. beneficial for the health of the skin



D. primarily intended for the face and eyes



73. According to the passage, hair care products



A. sell better to older population groups



B. sell best to women with color-treated hair.



C. are increasingly being developed for special needs



D. using lanolin and petroleum jelly yield positive results.



74. What will the paragraph following this passage probably discuss,?



A. What can be done to create more exciting fragrances?



B. Recent innovations in the packaging of body soap.



C. Specific reasons why men's toiletries have not sold well.



D. Historical examples of the use of cosmetics by men.



(5)



Theories accounting for the physical process of color vision have undergone many changes since 1801, when Thomas Young first suggested that three types of cone in the retina respond to stimulus from red green and blue light, or a mixture of these three basic colors. This concept of "additive" color has been retained, with modifications-made as new discoveries, of the eye's functions have been uncovered. Today, the most popular theory is that there are color opponent cells in the eye that work to excite response to one basic color and inhibit another, while achromatic cells respond to whiteness or darkness. The interactions between these 'cells produce the, huge range of colors that we see.



When it comes to naming these colors, however, an entirely different process takes over language. At one stage it was believed that language defined how one viewed the world, by restricting perceptions to terms available within each language. Thus the Dani people of New Guinea (were thought to see everything literally in black and white, as these were the only color terms within their language.



Experiments over a wide range of colors, however, showed that there were 11 basic color terms. In English these colors are black, white, red, yellow, green, blue, brown, purple, pink, gray, and orange. In any culture with less than these 11 basic terms, such as the Dani, the choice of basic names will follow the order above. What was striking about the study was that the Dani were able to perceive color variations as ably as anyone from a culture with the full number of basic color terms. This led researchers to the unsurprising conclusion that although languages differ, perceptions remain identical.



75. What is the best title for this passage?



A. Origins of Color among Primitive Peoples



B. The Myriad Colors of the Living World.



C. The Perception of and Language for Color



D. Linguistic Causes of Color-blindness



76. What aspect of Thomas Young's idea about color vision remains a part of today's theory?



A. That there are three basic colors in vision.



B. That color vision is culture based.



C. That color vision results from combining basic colors.



D. That there are three cones in the retina.



77. How many different kinds of cells are there thought to be in today's theory of color vision?



A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four



78. Why did researchers at one time think the Dani could see only two colors?



A. Because they believed that language defined one's world view.



B. Because they believed that the Dani were a primitive culture.



C. Because the Dani only drew black and white pictures.



D. Because tile Dani's view of the world determined their language.



79. If a culture had only four colors in its language, what would they be?



A. Red, blue, yellow, and white.



B. Black, white, gray, and red.



C. Black, white, green, and brown.



D. Black, white, red, and yellow.



80. What led researchers, to reject the theory that language restricts perception?



A. They discovered that all cultures have II basic colors.



B. They leaned more about the physical structure of the eye.



C. They discovered that people with few-color terms could see as well as people with many color terms.



D. They discovered that people with fewer color terms could actually see fewer colors.



PAPER TWO



PART V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)



Section A (20minutes, 1 0 points)



There is no substitute for education. There is no substitute for wisdom. Each generation owes it to itself and to its posterity to protect its culture, to enrich it, and to transmit it. The institution that mankind has worked out for that purpose is the institution known as education. The aim of education is wisdom, and each one of us must have the chance to become as wise as he can.



Educated people seek truth, but truth is never easy to find, never wholly revealed, seldom fully understood, but always to be sought. Truth wears no label and the seeker has no guarantee of success. Life is an unending adventure in this search and education a training and a preparation for it - the supreme means of ennobling and enriching these sources of the human mind and heart.



Section B (20 minutes, 1 0 points)



中国经历了20世纪的种种艰难险阻，正在向前迈进。世上其它的古老文化消亡了，是因为它们没有进行变革。中国则始终显示出变革和成长的能力。今天你们应重新构想新世纪的中国蓝图，你们这一代必将成为中国复兴的核心力量。



PART VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points)



Directions: An increasing number of parents are sending their children to study abroad. Analyze this social trend and give your views on this phenomenon in at least 150 words. Write in the appropriate space on Answer Sheet II.



2001.12



1. A. David wanted to leave in the morning.



B. He wished he'd thought of David before.



C. David can go to the amusement park himself.



D. He's surprised that David changed his mind.



2. A. Because she is full



B. Because she is sick.



C. Because she is worried about putting on weight.



D. Because she doesn't like the apple pie.



3. A. He is doing very well in the course.



B. He isn't having much trouble.



C. He understands very little of the lecture.



D. He understood the reading last night.



4. A. Took a photo of him. B. Bought him a picture.



C. Held a birthday party. D. Bought him a frame for his picture.



5. A. He is still being treated in the hospital.



B. He has had an operation.



C. He'll rest at home for another two weeks. ;



D. He returned to work last week.



6. A. He has edited three books.



B. He-has bought the wrong book



C. He has lost most of his money.



D. He has found the book that is needed.



7. A. Read the article while she waits in line.



B. Have her copies made outside the library.



C. Use a different machine to make her copies.



D. Look for a different magazine article.



8. A. Writing an essay. B. Studying for a test.



C. Shopping for shoes. D. Reading a magazine.



9. A. She never keeps other people waiting.



B. She wanted the man to help her with her assignment.



C. She's upset that the man didn't tell her he'd be late.



D. She's glad that the man phoned her.



Section B (1 point each)



A. Directions: Questions 10 through 12 are based on a talk given by an American diplomat to a Chinese student audience. The talk and the questions will be read only once, so listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow:



10. A. Education. B. Environment. C. Equality D. Economy



11. A. They have reached an agreement recently.



B. They have been trying to join efforts.



C. They have increased their production.



D. They have seriously limited their options.



12. A. Because it can stimulate economic growth.



B. Because it means another era.



C. Because it guarantees us a hopeful future.



D. Because it creates a good variety of jobs.



B. Directio

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