And now for some breaking news: A lot of players fake injuries during soccer matches.
新消息：足球比赛中许多球员假摔。
OK, maybe that's not so newsy-flops have been a way of life in the sport for years. But after a handful of seemingly overblown falls toward the end of Saturday's U.S. loss to Ghana, we decided to try to make some sense of them.
好吧，这或许不是什么新闻。多年来，假摔已经成为足球界的一种生活方式。但在周六美国队输给加纳队的比赛将要结束时出现了许多似乎过于夸张的跌倒，因此我们决定对此研究一番。
The most common indicator that a fall is a flop is that the player gets hit, pauses briefly and then reacts. This is called a 'temporal contiguity' error, according to Paul Morris, a psychologylecturer at England's University of Portsmouth-he says it occurs in about 29% of fake injuries.
假摔最常见的标志是：球员被踢到后出现短时静止然后再做出反应。英国普利茅斯大学(University of Portsmouth)心理学讲师莫里斯(Paul Morris)称，这叫做"时间接近"错误，他说约29%的假摔属于这种错误。
Meanwhile, players perform the 'archer's bow' pose in 28% of flops, which is when they bend backwards and throw their arms in the air when they're hit in order to gain a referee's attention.
与此同时，28%的假摔中，球员会摆出"射手之弓"的姿势，即被踢中时身体后弯、双手向空中摆动以引起裁判员的注意。
Dr. Morris worked with two groups of raters to watch about 400 tackles. They classified which ones included injuryexaggeration and, among those, what type of exaggeration was employed (his previousinjuryresearch was published earlier this year in the Journal of Nonverbal Behavior).
莫里斯博士与两组评级人员一同观看了约400次摔倒过程。他们总结出哪些时候球员夸大了受伤的程度以及使用了哪种夸大的方式。今年早些时候，《非语言行为》(Nonverbal Behavior)杂志刊登了他之前对球员受伤的研究。
One prominent example of likely flopping Saturday came late in extra time when Ghana's Samuel Inkoom fell to the ground after kicking a ball-despite not being touched by another player. He began to get up but then opted to lay on the ground and delay the game for 92 seconds-a tactic that helped preserve Ghana's lead.
周六美国队与加纳队的比赛中，加时赛后期，加纳队的因库姆(Samuel Inkoom)在未与其他球员发生肢体接触的情况下在踢球后摔倒在地，这很可能是一次明显的假摔。他摔倒后，一开始想站起来，但后来又选择了躺在地上，比赛因此延误92秒。这是一种有助于加纳保持领先优势的战术。
Mr. Inkoom was carried off on a stretcher-although the moment he reached the sideline, he climbed off under his own power.
因库姆被人用担架抬出场外，但在到达球场边界时，他靠自己的力量爬下了担架。
According to Dr. Morris, this was a 'ballistic continuity' issue-a fake-injuryvariation that occurs in 25% of all flops.
据莫里斯说，这是个"弹道连贯"的现象，属于假摔的一种，25%的假摔中会出现这种问题。
David Biderman
- player [´pleiə]
n.游戏的人；选手 (初中英语单词) - briefly [´bri:fli] ad.简短地；简略地 (初中英语单词)
- injury [´indʒəri] n.伤害；毁坏；侮辱 (初中英语单词)
- previous [´pri:viəs] a.先，前，以前的 (初中英语单词)
- research [ri´sə:tʃ] n.&vi.调查；探究；研究 (初中英语单词)
- journal [´dʒə:nəl] n.日记；日报；杂志 (初中英语单词)
- prominent [´prɔminənt] a.突起的；凸出的 (初中英语单词)
- preserve [pri´zə:v] v.保藏 n.保藏物 (初中英语单词)
- handful [hændful] n.一把，少数，一小撮 (高中英语单词)
- decided [di´saidid] a.明显的；决定的 (高中英语单词)
- psychology [sai´kɔlədʒi] n.心理(学) (高中英语单词)
- variation [,veəri´eiʃən] n.变化；变动 (高中英语单词)
- seemingly [´si:miŋli] ad.表面上；似乎 (英语四级单词)
- lecturer [´lektʃərə] n.演讲者；讲师 (英语六级单词)
- backwards [´bækwədz] ad.向后 a.向后的 (英语六级单词)
- exaggeration [ig,zædʒə´reiʃən] n.夸张，夸大 (英语六级单词)
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