Unit3 A healthy life

　　 Grammar

　　 Teaching material

　　 NSEFC Book 6 -- Unit 3

　　 Teaching aims

　　 Enable the students to master the usage of it.

　　 Teaching important & difficult points

　　 How to enable the students to know the usage of it.

　　 Teaching aids

　　 tape recorder, slides

　　 Teaching procedures

　　 Step1 Revision

　　 Complete the passage with the suitable words in their proper forms.

　　 1. due to 6. stress

　　 2. addicted 7.quit

　　 3. alcohol 8.drugs

　　 4. manage 9.pregnant

　　 5. cigarettes 10. adolescents

　　 Smoking __________, drinking _______ or taking other__________ produce many harmful effects and have no real benefits. So why do ___________do it? Some begin because they believe it makes them look cool. Others think it will help with _______. In their life possibly________ pressure from their parents or teachers.

　　 Some just want to see what it is like. What they don't realize is that they will get into the habit and __________ become ____________. It will then be difficult to _________ the habit. A few people ________to quit easily but for many it is a very painful process. Of course, the best way to deal with these drugs is not to start in the first place.

　　 Keys:cigarettes;alcohol;drugs;adolescents;stress; due to;eventually;addicted ; quit;manage

　　 Step2 Lead in

　　 Slide show

　　 Discovering "It"

　　 1.It rains heavily . 指天气

　　 2. It is 20 kilometers from Granddad's house to James'. 指距离

　　 3. It is November 11, 2005. 指日期

　　 4. It is 9 o'clock at night. 指时间

　　 5. It is bad to smoke. 形式主语

　　 6. It is no good smoking. 形式主语

　　 7. It is likely that he will succeed. 形式主语

　　 Step3 The use of "it"

　　 一、"it"作人称代词

　　 1. it的最基本用法是作代词,主要指刚提到的事物,以避免重复:

　　 Xi'an is a beautiful city, isn't it?

　　 They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.

　　 2. 也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):

　　 Is this your dog?No, it isn't.

　　 二、it作非人称代词

　　 it有时并不指具体的东西,而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等,称为非人称的it:

　　 1. 指天气:

　　 It is a lovely day, isn't it?

　　 It is a bit windy.

　　 2. 指时间:

　　 It was nearly midnight when she came back.

　　 3. 指环境:

　　 It was very quiet in the café.

　　 4. 指距离:

　　 It is half an hour's walk to the city centre from my home.

　　 5. 指日期:

　　 What's the date today? It's May 1, 2007.

　　 6. 指季节:

　　 It is summer now.

　　 7. 指度量:

　　 It is about 5 kilograms.

　　 8. 指价值:

　　 ----What's the cost of the T-shirt?

　　 ----It is 150 Yuan.

　　 三、it用作形式主语

　　 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

　　 1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为

　　 (1)It be adj.(for sb.)to do sth.

　　 此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词:easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous...

　　 It is illegal(for a teenager)to drive a car without a license.

　　 (2)It be adj. of sb. to do sth.

　　 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词:kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.

　　 It's kind of you to help me with the problem.

　　 (3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型

　　 It's no good/use doing...

　　 It's(well)worth doing...

　　 It's(well)worth one's while doing/to do...

　　 It's(well)worth while doing/ to do

　　 It's no use crying over spilt milk.

　　 2.作形式主语替代主语从句

　　 1. It is clear ( obvious,true,possible,certain....) that.....

　　 该句型中it 是形式主语,真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句,常译为"清楚(显然,真的,肯定...)" 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如:

　　 It is very clear that he's round and tall like a tree.

　　 It is strange that it hasn't been noticed before.真奇怪,它以前没有引起注意。

　　 2. It is v-ed that...=sb/sth is to do

　　 It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that...

　　 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语,真正主语是that 引导的主语从句;该结构常译为"据说(据报道,据悉...)"。

　　 It is said that he has come to Beijing.

　　 It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.

　　 ③ It is + noun +从句

　　 It is a pity (a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/...) that...

　　 该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should可省去.表示出乎意料,常译为"竟然"。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。例如:

　　 It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.

　　 这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾!

　　 It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了,真遗憾!

　　 四、it作形式宾语

　　 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面,而用it 作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。

　　 该句型中的it 作形式宾语,常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。

　　 I think it no use arguing with him.

　　 我认为和他争吵没有用。

　　 I found it very interesting to study English.

　　 我发现学英语非常有趣。

　　 He made it clear that he was not

　　 interested in this subject.

　　 他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。

　　 五、用于强调句型

　　 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who ...

　　 It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...

　　 I met Tom in the park yesterday

　　 1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.

　　 2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.

　　 3) It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.

　　 4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.

　　 It was five o'clock _when________I got home.

　　 It was at five o'clock_that_____ I got home.

　　 It was she who /that had been wrong.是她错了。(主语)

　　 It was the girl whom /that I met just now.我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。(宾语)

　　 It was Tom to whom the teacher had talked.老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。(介词宾语)

　　 It was on Monday night that all this happened.所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。(状语)

　　 It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...

　　 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语 "直到......才......",可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。例如:

　　 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

　　 六、it 常用的固定搭配

　　 1. make it

　　 (1)在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达例

　　 It's hard to make it to the top in show business.

　　 (2)在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示"约定好时间"

　　 例 -Shall we meet next week?

　　 -OK. We just make it next Saturday.

　　 2.take it/things easy

　　 相当于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用来劝告别人,表示"不要慌,别担心,存住气" 例

　　 Take it easy! He will do it well.

　　 3.It all depends/that all depends

　　 在口语中,相当于it hasn't been decided yet,表示"那得看情况,还没有定下来"

　　 例 -Are you going to the countryside for holiday?

　　 -It/That all depends.

　　 4. It's up to sb.

　　 在口语中,相当于it's decided by sb. 表示"由......决定,由......负责,取决于......"

　　 例 -Shall we go out for dinner?

　　 -It's up to you.

　　 Step4 Exercises

　　 Rewrite the following sentences, using "It's ... that".

　　 1. I'm still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon. That is amazing.

　　 It is amazing that I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.

　　 2. My father has quit smoking. That is wonderful.

　　 It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking.

　　 3. You could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. (It is likely).

　　 It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.

　　 4. China produces one third of the world's cigarettes. It is reported.

　　 It is reported that China produces one third of the world's cigarettes.

　　 5. Bird flu(禽流感) hit China again. That is known to us.

　　 It is known to us that bird flu(禽流感) hit China again.

　　 6. Li Yuchun got more than one million Yuan for the advertisement.

　　 People say that.

　　 It is said that Li Yuchun got more than one million Yuan for the advertisement.

　　 7. Some young people think that they look attractive when they smoke. It seems that...

　　 It seems that some young people think they look attractive when they

　　 smoke.

　　 Step 5 Homework

　　 1. Revise and master the use of it.

　　 2. Pre-view the Reading: HIV/AIDS: Are you at risk?

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