科目 英语

　　年级 高一

　　文件　high1 unit21.doc

　　标题 unit21

　　章节 第二十一单元

　　关键词 高一英语第二十一单元

　　内容

　　一、目的与要求：

　　掌握本单元出现的单词和词组：meaning, woodcutter, homeland, master, freely, peasant, unit, progress, native, force, base, revolutionary, limited, rapid, article, praise, encourage, situation, spirit, translate, university, degree, communism, social, idiom, vocabulary, have a talk with, come across, cut up, before long, move on, keep on, make progress, translate...into..., 等等......

　　二、 本单元知识重点与难点分析：

　　1. How are you getting on with your English lessons? 你的英语学得怎么样？

　　How are you getting on with...? 是一个常用的交际用语，用来询问对方的生活、学习、

　　工作等情况，常译作"...进展如何"。例如：

　　How are you getting on with your experiment? 你的试验进展如何？

　　How is he getting on with his English studies? 他的英语学习进展如何？

　　He is getting on well with his studies. 他的学习进行的很顺利。

　　2. he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.

　　由于政治上的原因，他被迫离开了祖国。

　　1) be forced to do sth. 作"被迫做某事"解。如用主动语态形式，则是"force sb. to do

　　sth."。

　　强迫某人做某事。例如：

　　You can't force win to do it if he himself doesn't want to.

　　如果他自己不想干的话，你是无法强迫他去干这件事的。

　　He was forced to resign. 他是被迫辞职的。

　　We were force to put off the match to the next week because of the bad weather.

　　由于恶劣的天气，我们被迫把比赛推退到了下周。

　　Don't force him to do anything that he doesn't want to.

　　不要强迫他做任何他不想做的事。

　　2) for political reasons意为"由于政治的原因"，for =because of，for a certain reason(for

　　some reason)由于某种原因。

　　3. Before long he had to move on again.不久，他不得不再次迁移。

　　1) before long = soon作"不久"、"很快"解，既可与过去时，也可与将来时连用。

　　例如：

　　Don't worry! I'll come to see you before long (soon).别担心，我很快就会来看你的。

　　Before long he left Beijing for Shanghai with his parents.不久，他就和他父母离开北京去上

　　海了。

　　2) 句中的on是副词，同有些动词连用，表示这个动作继续下去的意思。如，work on

　　继续工作；walk on继续赶路；go on继续下去。

　　4. He went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.

　　他到了英国，并把伦敦作为他革命工作的根据地。

　　"make＋名词（作宾语）＋名词（作宾补）"是一个常见的结构，意思是"使...成为..."、

　　"把...当作..."等，例如：

　　We made him our monitor in our class last term.上学期，我们选他当我们班的班长。

　　5. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an

　　American newspaper. 他进步得非常快，不久就开始用英文给一家美国报纸写文章了。

　　句中的such...that作"如此...以致"解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与so...that

　　意思相同，但用法不同。如：so...that这一结构中，so后边可加形容词或副词，而such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带）。因此，such...that的句型结构可分以下三种：

　　1) such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that...clause

　　He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.

　　他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。

　　He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.

　　他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。

　　2) such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that...clause

　　They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.

　　这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。

　　3)such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that...clause

　　He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.

　　他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。

　　注意：如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用

　　such而用so。例如：

　　He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.

　　他摔了很多跤，以致于全身上下青一块，紫一块的。

　　He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.

　　他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。

　　There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to

　　the building.

　　街上有那么多人观看大火，以致于消防队员无法接近大楼。

　　6. In fact, his English is one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and

　　praised him for it.

　　事实上，在那些文章中有一篇他的英文写得很好，恩格斯曾写信赞扬他。

　　so...that也作"如此...以致"解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。so...that与such...

　　that意思相同，但用法不同。现将so...that用法总结如下：

　　so＋adj.／adv.＋that...clause（so的后面跟形容词或副词）

　　He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.

　　他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。

　　Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him. (=He is so good a doctor that

　　everybody loves and respects him. =He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.)

　　他是一位好医生，大家都尊敬并爱戴他。

　　7. However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things-the grammar and

　　some of the idioms.

　　但他接着说，在语法和某些习惯用语方面他还是不太有把握。

　　1) go on to do sth.意思是"（做完一件事后）接着做另外一件事"。而go on doing sth.则

　　是"继续做某事"的意思，即指某事尚未做完，继续做下去（继续做同一件事）。例如：

　　After reading the text, we went on to do some grammar exercises.

　　读完课文后，我们接着做了一些语法练习。

　　Although it was raining hard, they still went on working in the field.

　　虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍继续在地里工作。

　　They went on to read the text, after they listened to the music.

　　他们听完音乐后，接着读课文了。

　　2) be sure about／of...作"确信"、"有把握"解，后面跟名词，代词或动名词。例如：

　　Are you sure of his success?(=Are you sure that he will (succeed?) Yes, I'm quite sure of it.

　　你肯定他会获得成功吗？是的，我确信他会获得成功。

　　I think the answer is right but I'm not absolutely sure about it.

　　我认为这答案是正确的，但是没有绝对的把握。

　　I'm quite sure about／of his honesty. 我确信他是诚实的。

　　be sure后还可以跟that／when／whether等引导的从句，例如：

　　I'm not sure when I last saw her. 我不能确定上一次看见她是什么时候。

　　She was sure that she had done the right thing. 她确信自己做的对。

　　He is not sure whether they will come to see him. 他不能肯定他们是否会来看望他。

　　8. In the years that followed, Marx Kept on studying English and using it.

　　在随后的几年里，马克思继续不断地学习和使用英语。

　　1) 句中的that followed是定语从句，修饰先行词the years关系代词在定语从句中作主语。

　　句中in the years that followed可改成in the following years或in the next few years. 意思大致相同。

　　2) keep on doing sth.作"继续做某事"解，（=go on doing sth.= continue to do sth.= continue

　　doing sth.）例如：

　　Although he was tired , he kept on working. 虽然他很累了，但他继续工作。

　　注意：keep on doing和keep doing的区别，前者强调"继续做某事"，而后者常表示连

　　续不断的动作或持续的状态，即"不停地、不断地做某事。"例如：

　　He had a bad cold and kept coughing all day. 他患了重感冒，整天不停地咳嗽。

　　Be quiet: Don't keep asking such silly questions. 安静点，不要老是问这么傻的问题。

　　9.In the 1870s, when Mark was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia. 在19世纪70年代，马克思已经50多岁了，他觉得研究俄国的形势很重要。

　　in one's fifties指在某人50多岁时（50──59）。例如：

　　He became famous is his twenties. 他20多岁时就出名了。

　　When he was in his thirties, he went to the countryside and became a farmer.

　　当他30多岁的时候，他去了农村，当了一个农民。

　　The professor was an ordinary-looking little man is his sixties.

　　那位教授是一位60多岁，个子矮小，相貌平常的人。

　　2) 句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后边的动词不定式。此句型结构是"主语＋谓

　　语动词＋it＋宾补（形容词或名词）＋动词不定短语。常用于此种结构的谓语动词还有think、fell、make、consider等。例如：

　　I think it necessary to go there. 我认为到那儿去一趟很有必要。

　　We find it impossible to finish the work in ten minutes.

　　我们认为10分钟内完成那项工作是不可能的。

　　He feels it his duty to help those who are in trouble.

　　他感到帮助那些处于困境中的人们是他的责任。

　　10. In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.

　　马克思在他一本书中对如何学习外语提出了一些建议。

　　advice是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。如果说一条建议，则用a piece of advice, 二条

　　建议，two pieces of advice。advice前常用的修饰词有some、any、much、pieces of等。例如：

　　They gave some advice on our work. 他对我们的工作提出了一些建议。

　　You'd better ask for the teacher's advice on our English study.

　　你最好去征求一下老师对我们的英语学习的意见。

　　You should follow／take your parents' advice. 你应该听众你父母的劝告。