纠正英语口语表达错误（五）

Example 21:

否定表达式

有一小部分日常用语可以有一种以上的表达方法,但许多学生只学过或只会一种方法.其实,其他表达方式也很重要.这里我们列了一些:

Let' s look at some examples:

"I haven't a book."

这是正确的英语,但是在美语中听起来不是很自然.地道.下面这句话表达了同样的意思.

"I don' t have a book."

More examples:

"I haven' t the time to go to the bank today." = "I don' t have the time to go to the bank today."



Here is another example:



"They needn't first reserve airplane tickets; they can just buy their tickets at the airport on the day they leave."

= "They don't have to first reserve airplane tickets; they can just buy their tickets at the airport on the day they leave."



"You needn't tell me how to get there. I already know "

= "You don' t have to tell me how to get there. I already know."



Here is another example:

"The students must take a test to get into college."

= "The students have to take a test to get into college."



Here is another example:

"You mustn't come in here! I' m changing my clothes."

= "You may not come in here! I' m changing my clothes!" = (informal 不正式的说法)

="You cannot come in here! I' m changing my clothes!"

Example 22:

经常/很少(often/seldom及其他)

学生们在表达一种经常性的动作时,常常只是用 "often"。这种用法大致说来是正确的。然而，还有其他重要的不断方式，我们举例如下：

"Frank and I often eat dinner together."

= "Frank and I eat dinner together a lot. "

= "Frank and I eat dinner together all the time."

"My girlfriend and her friends often watch football on TV. "

= "My girlfriend and her friends watch football on TV a lot."

= "My girlfriend and her friends watch football on TV all the time."

在这些句子中,我们没有用 "often",而是在句末加上 "a lot"或 "all the time",同样表达了"often" 这个词所要表达的意思。与此相同，"seldom"也有多种表达方式。

"Frank and I seldom eat dinner together."

= "Frank and I do not eat dinner together a lot."



"My wife and I seldom watch baseball on TV."

= "My wife and I don't watch baseball on TV a lot."

= "My wife and I don't watch baseball on TV very much."

Example 23:

单数与复数

Incorrect English:

"one years," "one minutes"

Correct English:

"one year", "one minute

这里我们要说的是一年和一分钟,不能用复数形式,除此之外,既使是零,也应当用复数形式。

Examples:

"One year ago I graduated from high school."

"In one year , the exchange student will speak fluent English."

"My nephew is one year old."

"Just hang on a minute. I'm almost ready."

"I'll see you in a minute."

使用复数形式的范例:

"in America , people cannot drink alcohol until they are twenty-one years old."

A: "How many years have you played the guitar?"

B: "Zero years. I don't play the guitar."

Example 24:

形容词和名词

学生们也常爱混淆形容词和名词,下面些就是一常见的错误:

A. Incorrect English:

"Chinese economic is developing very fast."

Correct English:

"The Chinese economy is developing very fast."

Chinese:

中国经济发展得非常快。

解释：

在这个句子中，我们需要一个名词担当主语。"Economic"是一个形容词，用来形容名词，不能作主语，它的名词形式是"economy"。

More examples with the words "economic" and "economy".

"It is hard to get a job during a depression because of economic reasons."

"China's economic future looks bright."

"Economies all over the world suffered during the Asian Financial Crisis."

"The economy of the South in the United States depends largely on cotton."

B. Incorrect English:

"Jim Carrey is very humor."

Correct English:

"Jim Carrey is very humorous."

Chinese:

"Jim Carrey 很幽默。"

解释：

在这里，我们描述的是一个人：Jim Carrey是一个名词，因此需要用形容词修饰。"Humor"是名词。它的形容形式是"humorous"。

Examples:

"That TV show always makes me laugh. The characters are so humorous."

"I'm glad you weren't angry when I made fun of you. You have a good sense of humor."

C. Incorrect English:

Julia Roberts is very beauty."

Correct English:

"Julia Roberts is very beautiful."

Chinese:

"Julia Roberts 很美丽。"

解释：

和B中一样，这里描述的Julia Roberts也是一个人名，需要形容词"beautiful"修饰，而不能用名词形式"beauty"来修饰。

"Beauty" is a noun. "Beautiful" is an adjective.

Examples:

"The beauty of this landscape moves me deeply. I want to write a poem about it."

"That woman was so beautiful I fell in love with her at first sight."

其他常见的类似错误:

Incorrect English: "She is very sadness."

Correct English: "She is very sad."

Incorrect English: "He is very happiness."

Correct English: "He is very happy."

Example 25：

关于国名

在口语表达中，国名与国名的形容词形式（这类形容词也用来指某国家的人民）也易混淆。例如同学们经常把"America"说成"American"，把"China"说成"Chinese"，把"Germany"说成"German"，等等。

I often hear my students confuse the name of a country and the adjective form of the name，which also may serve as what we call the people of the country. I often hear my students say "American" when they should say "America", "Chinese" when they should say "China" , and "German" when they should say "Germany".

Incorrect English: "In Chinese we have a custom of eating dumplings for Chinese New Year. "

Correct English: "In China we have a custom of eating dumplings for Chinese New Year."

Chinese: 在中国我们有春节吃饺子的习惯

Incorrect English: "American is a superpower with a good economy."

Correct English: "America is a superpower with a good economy."

更多的例子:

More examples: "American culture and Chinese culture are very different, but Americans and Chinese can get along very well."

"Germany makes great , efficient automobiles . Germans should be proud."

"These are many Chinese people in Australia . The Australian government supports immigration."
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