作文部分



四、六级改革后，作文是惟一不会也不可能改动的部分，其出题方式会基本沿袭以往稳健、成熟的出题风格。本文中，笔者将给大家讲述作文应试的战略性理论以及得分技巧即战术操作。

博弈

写作考试就好像一次"博弈"。在写作考试中，考生是真正拥有最多信息的人，考官仅仅只能被动地接受你所给的信息。所以，作文中遣词造句时请切记两点：一、"不会说的"处理；二、经典句的应用

得分技巧分析

四、六级作文在准备和对策上基本一致，因为两者评分标准基本一致(除了字数上的差距：四级120词、六级150词)。英语考试的作文大多可分为：1、正反论证；2、原因现象描述类；3、图表；4、名言谚语。所谓的书信作文，无非就是在这四类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。

作文得分技巧总结：

1、 卷面整洁，书写清楚

2、 构思简单，少犯错误

3、 中心突出，层次分明

4、 固定经典，名言注目

5、 重在变化，宁简勿滥

下面就对以上5点在应试作文中的应用展开具体说明：

第一、 卷面整洁，书写清楚。 由于写作属于主观题型，故考官将依据主观印象进行评判。卷面的好坏将在第一时间冲击考官对你作文的印象。所以，建议各位考生先想清楚后动笔，减少涂改几率，让考官能清楚无误地看清你答卷的内容。另外，新的四、六级考试中会有部分考区的试卷被扫描至电脑，这些考区的考官将会在电脑前批阅作文，因此考生们最好使用黑色水笔做答，以保证扫描效果。

写作的格式有两种：齐头式(full block form)和缩进式(indented form)。采用齐头式，要求所有段落的首行都在左边顶格，段落中间空行。缩进式要求每段首行缩进4~5个字母。

第二、 构思简单，少犯错误。 请大家一定记住，作文只在考核他们的语言表达能力。避免犯错误。

（思维。标点，时态一致，单复数，结构。6分原则。写完后的检查）

第三、 中心突出，层次分明。 从近几年的四级考试作文看来，尽管实用性提高了，但行文大多可以套用"中心句＋1、2、3"模式。即每段第一句是topic sentence，改编自该段相对应的提纲，后面的1、2、3是衔接词，每个1、2、3后接分支观点。这种表达，中心突出，层次分明，同时也节省了考生构思结构的麻烦。衔接词是文章逻辑关系的体现，所以不妨尽可能多的使用。比如，"起"的过渡词：nowadays, at present, first of all, firstly；"承"的过渡词：second, besides, moreover, furthermore, obviously, in addition, in other words；"转"的过渡词：however, on the other hand, but, instead, conversely；"合"的过渡词：therefore, so, as a result, in short, in brief, in a word, in conclusion。

以下为2006年6月新四级作文题及其范文。划线部分与斜体部分则体现了第三点所讲的全部内容。提纲如下：

1、有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师

2、学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是......

3、学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题

Nowadays, there is a general discussion today about the issue of some changes on campus. Particularly, students in universities have optional choices on their teachers.

A number of factors are responsible for decisions in choosing teachers. For one thing, the character of a lecturer plays a significant role in this issue, which means the teacher should meet the learners' taste. For another thing, opinions from other students are likely to bring effects on the decision. In other words, we are possibly influenced by negative or positive words from others.

Obviously, there is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of this matter. On the one hand, students are treated better than before. On the other hand, some top teachers will be ignored, if they are not able to please the market. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that further attention will be paid to this matter.

第四、 固定经典，名言注目。经典句和名言往往都比较容易引人注目，如果能在文中使用，也比较容易让改卷人为之一振。为了获得经典的使用效果，建议考生们在平时的写作练习中注意积累，并且每个话题背下几句。质量良好的句子一般应该用在文章的开头结尾，或每段的开头，这样才能让别人清楚明白地看到。比如，用于文章开头的句子：

1、 When it comes to ..., people's opinions differ.

2、 There is a public discussion today about ......

3、 There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of

用于文章结尾的句子：

1、 it is high time that we take measures to ...

2、 judging from all evidence offered, we may safely come to the conclusion that ...

3、 all the evidence points to the fact that ...

4、 It is essential that effective measures should be taken to control this situation.

用于阐释原因的句子：

1、 Some reasons are responsible for this.

2、 There are lots of reasons for the dramatic growth/decrease. First, ... Second, ... Finally, ...

3、 The phenomenon/change in ... mainly results from the fact that ...

4、 One may regard the phenomenon as a sign of ...

第五、 重在变化，宁简勿滥。 作文考试评卷中，大多采用加分原则。"难词长句"不是加分的必然。关键在于变化，变化不分难易，只要有变化就行。变化分为，词的变化和句的变化。在用词上，同一文章中相同意义的词要争取不断地用近意词替换，以显文章用词灵活。（换词和短语）在用句上，不一定要用大的从句，主要避免相邻句子句式太多的一致。（变句模式）

备考忌讳

第一、忌讳盲目。盲目相信所谓"秘宗"或"内部透露试卷"，四、六级考试是科学性较高的国内英文考试，在日益提高安全性的前提下，漏题的机会几乎没有。第二、忌讳只看不练。只看题目或只构思，而不动手练习。四、六级考试的作文部分是考查学生对英语的主动应用能力，所以考生至少在考前一个月应该动手练习，主要以历年真题的写作题目为复习资料，写完之后自己再对照范文进行修改，记下范文中的经典句子及衔接词，以备考场上使用。

信：

六级05年1月试卷评析

05年1月 Your Help Needed

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an open letter on behalf of the student union asking people to give help to a student who is seriously ill. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:

1，对病人的简单介绍：目前的病情和家庭情况

2，目前的困难：无法继续承担医疗费用，需要护理

3，希望捐助，联系方式

本次作文英文指令要求提到的病人是大学生，写信人应代表学生会写一封公开信。如未能按照此要求写作，应酌情扣1分。



题目类型

原因现象描述类文章。表面上看，这是信，但就其实质上说，还是以前的老题型，给出2～3个提纲，要求按照提纲所示内容完成作文。

应注意的事项

一、 要强调的一点，本次作文，除了提纲外，还应该在文中表明两个要素――1、病人大学生；2、写信人代表学生会。这次考试中有不少学生只注意了前面所列出的三项要求，而忽略了后面的这两个要求。

二、 此类文章的构思。四六级作文旨在考查学生的英语基本表达能力，而非逻辑思维和分析能力，因为这是语言考试。所以，广大考生也就没有必要对具体内容的合理性去严谨推敲。

三、 结构安排。原因现象描述类文章的最佳安排方法是，把提纲变为英文体现在每段第一句作为中心句，后面再用逻辑词或链接词把每段内的分支观点窜成一篇文章。

第一段要求讲出病人的病情和家庭情况。另外，这是信，所以要在前面加上称呼。作为文章的开头段，应该简要介绍就行，这样也可以避免详细描述。因为大多考生语言基础不足以支撑详细的细节描述。

第二段原因列举表述段。用提纲变来的用中心句统领全段，之后讲出几个不同的困难。困难很容易列出，如钱不够，家庭条件差，要人看护等显而易见且简单的原因。

第三段呼吁捐助和列出联系方法。当然在行文中号召的语言是需要的，同时在结尾处要标明自己是代表学生会提出这个请求。

14分

Dear friends,

I'm writing to you, on behalf of the student union, to ask for help for our schoolmate, Li Ming. He's seriously ill and has to have a lung transplant at once. To make things worse, he comes from the west of our country, which means that his family is quite poor.

Li Ming is now confronted with the following difficulties. To begin with, he can't afford the medical expenses. His family doesn't have a good financial background and moreover, his parents have already borrowed a lot of money to send him to university. In view of their low income and severe financial situation, we hope you can show our sympathy. In addition, his family is far away and he needs someone to take care of him day and night instead of his parents who are thousands of miles from here. Only under careful care can our friend recover from his disease.

On no account can we see our friend suffer without giving him a hand! He's in desperate need of your help, especially in financial donations to help pay his expenses. Anyone who wants to offer help can contact us at 55780063 or you can email us by john@sohu.com. Please!

Yours,

John

Chairman of the Student Union



本文特点

第一段， 作者开门见山，直接把最后两个要素在第一段就标明，即生病的是学生，要代表学生会――"on behalf of the student union, to ask for help for our schoolmate"。然后，用两句话就说清病情和家庭情况。并且用了一个较少能见的链接短语"To make things worse"。

第二段， 列举困难直接把中心句放在段首，本段的基本结构可以这样认为："Li Ming is now confronted with the following difficulties."＋ "To begin with"＋"moreover"＋"In addition"。并且，使用比较地道的短语be confronted with. 一般来说，短语优先原则是一个比较好的策略。本段中，尽管作者很少使用从句，但并列句和短语的使用是较多的，"a lot of，In view of，far away，take care of，recover from"。

第三段， 首尾属于传统事务信函的套路。两层意思，一是呼吁捐助，二是联系方式。呼吁捐助的段首句采用倒装，使文章的句式有了不少变化。尽管全文的从句量不多，但句式变化多，如并列句、倒装句、无主句。并且全文的短语使用较多且地道。

图表：

六级作文

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Rising Divorce Rates in China. You must base your composition on the following graph and outline (given in Chinese)



(1) 描写图表反映的问题

(2) 你认为最近几年中国离婚率高的原因是什么。

Rising Divorce Rates in China

There is a general discussion today about the issue of the divorce rate. As can be seen from the chart, great changes have been taking place. Obviously, China has experienced a dramatic increase in the divorce rate in the previous thirty years.

Some reasons are responsible for this. To begin with, legal changes have simplified divorce procedures, and removed barriers to divorce. In addition, the changes in personal economic activities also facilitate the divorce. Both of the couple can live on their own instead of depending on their partners. In other words, they can make the decision easily, when they would like to break up the marriage. Finally, a significant change can be found in social attitude towards the divorced persons. The discrimination to those divorced people has almost been wiped out.

Generally speaking, it is high time that we place great emphasis on this issue. That is to say, further attention is to be paid to this issue. Obviously, it is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent this trend.

图表的实质和原因现象一样：

2006年6月的六级作文Traveling Abroad是一篇图表类文章，在出题方式上基本沿袭是走稳健、成熟的出题风格。

一、 题目评析

本次作文的提纲如下：

1、 近十年来某城市越来越多人选择出去旅游

2、 出现这种现象的原因

3、 这种现象可能产生的影响

尽管它是以图表的形式出现，但就其实质来说，原因现象类文章和图表的写法一致。从近几年的考试作文看来，行文大多可以套用"中心句＋1、2、3"模式。即，每段第一句是Topic sentence，改编自该段相对应的提纲，后面的1、2、3是链接词，每个1、2、3后接分支观点。这种表达，中心突出，层次分明，同时也节省了考生构思结构的麻烦。

本文的提纲可以理解为:

第一段、 近十年来越来越多的人选择出去旅游

第二段、 有很多原因说明此现象。First, ... Second, ... Third, ...

第三段、 这种现象所造成的影响如下。First, ... Second, ... Third, ...

另外，值得注意的是，在图表作文中，第一段，也就是对图表描述的这一段，应该只描述图表的大致趋势变化，避免用过多文字对图表进行细节描述。

二、 原则应用和高分示范

There is a general discussion today about the issue of traveling abroad. As can be seen from the bar chart, great changes have been taking place in the recent years. Obviously, an increasing number of people are likely to go abroad.

A number of factors are responsible for this. For one thing, they are better-off than before, which means people stand more chances of going out. For another, traveling abroad, in some persons' views, partly shows that they are superior to those at home. In addition, citizens in that city are easily encouraged by the overwhelming advertisements in TV shows and news papers to go traveling. Therefore, persons in growing numbers have ever been abroad.

From what has been discussed abroad, we may safely draw the conclusion that it brings win-win effects on people's life. On the one hand, trips abroad may widen their horizons. In other words, people have more opportunities to touch various fields, and learn something new. On the other hand, touring does provide chances of posts or business. To sum up, there is little doubt that further attention will be paid to this issue.

六级全真题目补充

06 年6月 Traveling Abroad (Bar Chart)

4、 近十年来某城市越来越多人选择出去旅游

5、 出现这种现象的原因

6、 这种现象可能产生的影响

05年6月

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled "On Piracy" of no less than 150 words. You may base your writing on the following outline:

　　1．目前盗版的现象比较严重。

　　2．造成这种现象的原因及危害

　　3．我们应该怎么做

　　Useful words and expressions

　　盗版piracy (n)

　　盗版产品pirated products

　　知识产权intellectual products

　　侵犯版权infringe sb's copyright, copyright infringement

05年1月

Your Help Needed

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an open letter on behalf of the student union asking people to give help to a student who is seriously ill. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:

1，对病人的简单介绍：目前的病情和家庭情况

2，目前的困难：无法继续承担医疗费用，需要护理

3，希望捐助，联系方式

04年6月

设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信。信中必须包括以下内容：

1、事情的起因

2、与书店交涉的经过

3、呼吁服务行业必须提高服务质量

四级全真题目补充

2006年6月

A Poster Recruiting

1． 校学生会将组织一次暑假自愿者活动，现招募志愿者

2． 本次自愿者活动的目的、活动安排等

3． 报名方式及联系方式

1. 2005年12月

Should the university campus be open to tourists?

1． 名校校园正成为旅游新热点

2． 校园是否应对公众开放人们看法不同

3． 我认为......

2．2005年6月

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay "in honor of teachers on the occasion of Teacher's Day". You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1,向老师表达节日祝贺

2,从一件小事来回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献

3,我如何回报老师的关爱

3．2005年1月

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.

A Campaign Speech

1 你认为自己具备是什么条件(能力，性格，爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作，

2 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？

4．2004年6月

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines: A brief introduction to a touristattraction

一个吸引游客的简单介绍

1、欢迎词 2、一天的行程安排 3、对旅客即将访问的地点进行描述 4、你应该让这个介绍很吸引人，并且让每个人都清楚了解你的行程安排。

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