Reference for Teaching
Ⅰ.异域风情
The African ancestors of today’s black Americans were brought to the US as slaves in the seventeenth,eighteenth,and nineteenth centuries.They worked on farms,especially the large farms in the southern states.Slowly they became a necessary part of the economic system of the South.
Slaves did not have the rights of people;according to the law,they were a “thing” which belonged to the person who bought them.They had to obey the orders of their owners without questions.They were not allowed to learn to read;their owners feared the educated slaves would begin to think about the injustice of the system and would learn to struggle for their freedom.Slaves had to work long hours in every unhealthy conditions.Their owners had complete power over them.They could be bought and sold like animals.At the slave markets,black children were separated from their parents and never allowed to see them again.Slave owners had the right to punish the slaves who broke the law or was against the system.Slaves were often beaten or even killed by their owners.After the Civil War,one free slave reported that his owner killed an older slave who was teaching him to read.In theory an owner who treated a slave badly could be punished.In practice,however,the law meant nothing.
Opposition to slavery began very early in the history of the US—in 1671—but little progress was made until the beginning of the nineteenth century.By 1804 slavery was illegal in the northern states.But it continued,and even grew,in the southern states,which depended on cotton for their economic wealth.Slavery ended in the South only after the Civil War.For blacks,however,the end of slavery was only a beginning,the late beginning of a long and difficult struggle for true justice.
Ⅱ.知识归纳
1.在英语中，do,have,make,take这四个动词，加上名词作宾语（名词前可有形容词）构成词组，可以表达许多不同含义，其意义相当于在名词前加上一个相关动词，现分述如下：
(1)do+名词
e.g.Mary has done (=has written) an article.
玛丽写了一篇文章。
He will do(=draw) a large portrain of Ren Changxia.
他要为任长霞画一幅大画像。
do computer study=study computer
do the room=clean the room
do the dishes=wash the dishes
do one’s hair=comb one’s hair
do one’s teeth=brush one’s teeth
do the fish=cook the fish
do the puzzle=work out the puzzle
do science=study science
do a comedy=act a comedy
do a concert=hear a concert
do the tower=visit the tower
do Japan=visit Japan
do 20 miles=travel 20 miles
do one’s guests well=serve one’s guests well
有时宾语也可用doing,并在doing前加some。
do some reading=read some books,read some pages
do some studying=study something
do some walking=walk for some time
还有do most of the talking,do some morning shopping等。
(2)have+名词
e.g.We had a long talk(=talked for a long time) last Sunday.
上星期天我们进行了一次长谈。
They’re having a rest(=resting).
他们在休息。
此类结构常见的还有：
have a chat,have a look at…,have a drink,have an interview,have a smoke,have a fight,have a bath,have a dream
名词前可有修饰成分，如have no respect,have no wish,have some good laughs,have one more try等。
有时意义上等于在名词前加上一个相关的动词，如：
have a lesson (class)上一节课
have an X-ray进行X光检查
have a great success取得很大成功
have a small accident出了小事故
have a headache(a flu,cold)得头疼病（流感，感冒）
have a baby生孩子
have one’s advice听从某人的建议
have a telegram收到一封电报
have an answer有了答案
(3)make+名词（相当于名词的动词含义）
e.g.The police made an examination in her room.
警察检查了她的房间。
The teacher made a clear explanation.
老师清楚地作了解释。
We made a comparison of the two articles.
我们把这两篇文章作了比较。
make an attempt=attempt
make a suggest=suggest
还有make a visit参观，make a long stay住了很长时间，make another start又重新开始了，make preparations作准备，make arrangements作安排，make decisions作决定，make a choice作选择，make a map画一张地图，make tea沏茶，make an expression留下印象
（4）take+名词（相当于名词相应的动词）
e.g.He took a look at(=look at) this
生词表: