被动语态全解
语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。
本册书我们将学习被动语态的三种时态：
（1）一般现在时的被动语态
（2）一般过去时的被动语态
（3）含情态动词的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态由“助动词be 的现在式am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词 + （by）”构成。
基本句式
肯定式：主语调 + am /is /are +过去分词+( by)
Bicycles are sold in that shop .
Football is played all over the world by people.
否定式：主语+am/ is /are + not + 过去分词+（by）
Bicycles are not sold in that shop .
Football is not played all over the world by people.
一般疑问句： Am /Is /Are + 主语+过去分词+（by）…?
Is this kind of TV sets made in Guangzhou ?
Is football played all over the world by people ?
被动语态的基本用法：
（1）需要强调动作的承受者时
The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world
English is widely spoken in the world now.
Water is needed badly by the crops here .
(2)不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时
Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .
The problem is dealt with now .
(3)当说话人需要强调客观时
It is said that she was a beauty when she was young .
主动语态转换不被动语态的步骤
1，把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语
2，把动词改为被动语态形式即“be+过去分词“。
3，原来主动语态句子中的主语，如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现（因为by是介词，后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。）以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要，可以省略。
4，其它成分不变
5，被动语态中“by+宾语”的省略
被动语态句式中的“by+宾语”表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者，但是在遇到以下情况时，表示动作执行者“by +宾语”常常被省略。
（1）动作执行者不确定时
Paper is made from wood .
Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year .
(2) 不必表明动作执行者时
English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages
Football is played in most schools。
（3 ） 动作执行者为一般大众时
Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.
一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式
(1)肯定式：主语+ was /were +过去分词+by
It was made in Beijing Ren’ai Education Institute .
These computers were made in the USA ?
(2)否定式：主语+was /were + not + 过去分词+ by
She was not given a paniting by him .
This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday .
(3)一般疑问句：Was /Were + 主语+过去分词+by ?
Were these computers made in the USA ?
Was it made of bamboo?
(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+by
What was is made of ?
When was it invented
教你一招
如果句子为一般现在时，主动语态用do/does ,被动语态用is/am /are
如果句子为一般过去时，主动语态用did ,被动语态用was /were .
由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式
（1）肯定式：主语+情态动词+be+ 过去分词
We can change water into ice --------Water can be changed into ice.
She ought to tidy up her bedroom------Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.
You should buy a dictionary at once ----A dictionary should be bought at once by you.
(2)否定式：主语+ 情态动词+not +be +过去分词+by
You must not take out any books .-----Any books mustn’t be taken out by you .
They needn’t look after the little child ----The little child needn’t be looked after (by them)
(3)疑问句：情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+by
Can you use it ?------Can it be used ?
常见的情态动词有：can,may, ought to, must , dare , need,should.
主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况：
1，当宾语是反身代词时
The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .
2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时
Does the pair of new shoes suit you?
We will have a meeting .
生词表: