中学英语宾语从句语法讲解
[宾语从句歌诀]
　　宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。
　　展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。
　　主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。
　　陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。
　　特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。
　　三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。
　　留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。
　　[歌诀解码]
　　一、三姊妹
　　宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：
　　1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如：
　　We knew （that）we should learn from each other.
　　2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：
　　Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
　　3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：
　　Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？
　　二、三关
　　1. 引导词关
　　如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
　　2. 语序关
　　①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：
　　He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.
　　②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：
　　Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
　　When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
　　3. 时态关
　　①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：
　　I have heard（that）he will come back next week.
　　②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：
　　He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.
　　注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：
　　He said that light travels much faster than sound.
　　三、人称的变化和标点的使用
　　1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：
　　“May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
　　“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
　　2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：
　　Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
　　Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？
　　四、两副面孔
　　if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：
　　If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（时间状语从句）
　　I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）
　　五、从句的简化
　　1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
　　She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
　　2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
　　She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
　　3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：
　　Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？
宾语从句专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4．Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.
7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?
8．Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?
9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12. What's his name? I asked him.
I asked him what _____ _____ ____
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