动词不定式
一．形式：
to+动词原形(do)，有时可以不带to。
2、定义：
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。它仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper.
3、用法：
A.动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以做主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，状语和定语。
1．作宾语。后面接动词不定式作宾语的词有：begin, want, hope, forget, remember, like, love, need, try, ask, learn, wish, agree, choose, start,would like, decide 等。.
We hope to get there before 7:00.
They began to read and write.
She wanted to borrow my player.
The old man always forgets what to do.
2.作宾语补足语。有三种情况。
(1) 后面能接动词不定式作宾语补足语的一般动词有：ask, like, tell, want, would like , order, teach, wish, help, get等. 构成ask/tell/want sb. (not)to do sth结构。
He asked me to turn the light off.
I’ll get someone to mend my radio.
Tell the child not to play on the road.
My father told me to turn the radio down.
I often help my mother (to) do housework at home.
（2） 使役动词let, have, make, 及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的动词不定式作宾补。
I often hear him play the piano at home.
I saw him come .
I heard him sing.
My parents don’t let me swim in the river.
Did you watch the old man get into the bus?
(3) 作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式可带to可不带to。
He didn’t help me (to) mend the bike.
3.作状语。作状语时修饰动词和形容词，表示行为、原因、结果和目的。
（1）作原因状语。
I’m sorry to hear that. (sorry的原因是因为所听到的事情造成的)
（2）作目的状语。做目的状语时可放在句首或句末。
He came here to ask a question. （来这儿是为了问题）
To be a teacher, I must teach my students how to think.
(3)程度结果状语与副词enough（表肯定）或too（表否定）连用。
The boy is not old enough to work in the factory.
He is too young to look after himself.
4.作定语。置于修饰词的后面，所修饰的词即是不定式动词的行为对象。
He has too many things to do.
I have nothing to say on this question.
The next train to arrive was from Shanghai.
She has nothing to say. (say nothing )
We have much homework to do.(do homework)
注意：当不定式中的动词不可以直接修饰前面的修饰词时，须接介词并且此时介词不能省略。
eg: There is a warm room to live in.(live in the room)
I want to borrow a pen to write with.(write with a pen)
5.作主语。作主语用的动词不定式常常用it代替，it称为形式主语，动词不定式放在后面。
eg : To learn English is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
It is dangerous to play in the street.
B. 动词不定式和疑问词连用
1.特殊疑问词如：when, what, where, which, who, whom, how之后可以加动词不定式，在句中作主语 表语、宾语等。
How to go there is still a question.
I don’t know what to do.
When to start has not been decided.
The difficulty was how to cross the river.
Nobody told us what to do.
The question is when to start.
We didn’t know when to go to the park.
2.在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句中的主语和从句中的主语一致时，就可以改写疑问词加动词不.定式的形式。
I don’t know where I shall go = I don’t know where to go.
She didn’t know what she would say. = She didn’t know what to say.
针对性练习
1.Mother often tells Lily ____(not spend) too much time ____(watch) TV.
2.Don’t forget_____(turn) off the lights when you leave.
3.I often saw many students __(play) basketball on the ground.
4.When I was young, my father taught me ____(read) and ___(write).
5.The doctor asked the old man ____(give) up ____(smoke).
6.I don’t know how ____(work) out this question.
7.If you keep___(work) on it, you’ll be successful.
8.After I got off the train, I can’t wait___(see) my parents.
9.He moved to New York_____(be) an inventor.
10.Edison left home____(work) in different cities.
11.They wake up the other family members, ____(call), “Merry Christmas.”
12.Everyone had to go back to their hometown ____(count).
13.He was always____(ask) questions and ____(try) out new ideas.
14.A little girl had hung the stocking by the fireplace____(dry).
15.___(be)here at Christmas time is a dream that has come true.
16.Can you ask Tom___(speak) more slowly?
17.I hope ___(find) a good job in Shanghai.生词表:
一．形式：
to+动词原形(do)，有时可以不带to。
2、定义：
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。它仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper.
3、用法：
A.动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以做主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，状语和定语。
1．作宾语。后面接动词不定式作宾语的词有：begin, want, hope, forget, remember, like, love, need, try, ask, learn, wish, agree, choose, start,would like, decide 等。.
We hope to get there before 7:00.
They began to read and write.
She wanted to borrow my player.
The old man always forgets what to do.
2.作宾语补足语。有三种情况。
(1) 后面能接动词不定式作宾语补足语的一般动词有：ask, like, tell, want, would like , order, teach, wish, help, get等. 构成ask/tell/want sb. (not)to do sth结构。
He asked me to turn the light off.
I’ll get someone to mend my radio.
Tell the child not to play on the road.
My father told me to turn the radio down.
I often help my mother (to) do housework at home.
（2） 使役动词let, have, make, 及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的动词不定式作宾补。
I often hear him play the piano at home.
I saw him come .
I heard him sing.
My parents don’t let me swim in the river.
Did you watch the old man get into the bus?
(3) 作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式可带to可不带to。
He didn’t help me (to) mend the bike.
3.作状语。作状语时修饰动词和形容词，表示行为、原因、结果和目的。
（1）作原因状语。
I’m sorry to hear that. (sorry的原因是因为所听到的事情造成的)
（2）作目的状语。做目的状语时可放在句首或句末。
He came here to ask a question. （来这儿是为了问题）
To be a teacher, I must teach my students how to think.
(3)程度结果状语与副词enough（表肯定）或too（表否定）连用。
The boy is not old enough to work in the factory.
He is too young to look after himself.
4.作定语。置于修饰词的后面，所修饰的词即是不定式动词的行为对象。
He has too many things to do.
I have nothing to say on this question.
The next train to arrive was from Shanghai.
She has nothing to say. (say nothing )
We have much homework to do.(do homework)
注意：当不定式中的动词不可以直接修饰前面的修饰词时，须接介词并且此时介词不能省略。
eg: There is a warm room to live in.(live in the room)
I want to borrow a pen to write with.(write with a pen)
5.作主语。作主语用的动词不定式常常用it代替，it称为形式主语，动词不定式放在后面。
eg : To learn English is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
It is dangerous to play in the street.
B. 动词不定式和疑问词连用
1.特殊疑问词如：when, what, where, which, who, whom, how之后可以加动词不定式，在句中作主语 表语、宾语等。
How to go there is still a question.
I don’t know what to do.
When to start has not been decided.
The difficulty was how to cross the river.
Nobody told us what to do.
The question is when to start.
We didn’t know when to go to the park.
2.在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句中的主语和从句中的主语一致时，就可以改写疑问词加动词不.定式的形式。
I don’t know where I shall go = I don’t know where to go.
She didn’t know what she would say. = She didn’t know what to say.
针对性练习
1.Mother often tells Lily ____(not spend) too much time ____(watch) TV.
2.Don’t forget_____(turn) off the lights when you leave.
3.I often saw many students __(play) basketball on the ground.
4.When I was young, my father taught me ____(read) and ___(write).
5.The doctor asked the old man ____(give) up ____(smoke).
6.I don’t know how ____(work) out this question.
7.If you keep___(work) on it, you’ll be successful.
8.After I got off the train, I can’t wait___(see) my parents.
9.He moved to New York_____(be) an inventor.
10.Edison left home____(work) in different cities.
11.They wake up the other family members, ____(call), “Merry Christmas.”
12.Everyone had to go back to their hometown ____(count).
13.He was always____(ask) questions and ____(try) out new ideas.
14.A little girl had hung the stocking by the fireplace____(dry).
15.___(be)here at Christmas time is a dream that has come true.
16.Can you ask Tom___(speak) more slowly?
17.I hope ___(find) a good job in Shanghai.
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