八年级下第九单元教学重难点学案
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
第一部分 本单元要点
1. 谈论过去的事情和经历及其感受
2. 学会用have / has been to …谈论曾经去过的地方
3. 语法：现在完成时
4. 一般过去时，现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
5. 了解国外的风情和文化
第二部分 语言目标
1. 重点词汇：
space museum, amusement park, water park, South America, Peru, Holland, European culture, tour guide, flight attendant, musical instrument, more than, be from, get to, take lessons, neither, discover, graduate, change
neither 和so的用法
Neither用于否定句后表示“也不”，neither后要倒装
He is not a doctor. Neither am I.
You will not go to the water park. Neither will I.
Tom doesn’t like this one. Neither do I.
So用于肯定句后表示“也同样”，so后要倒装
He is a teacher. So am I.
You will go to the aquarium. So will I.
Tom likes swimming. So do I.
2. 重点句型
（1）Have you ever been to …?
Yes, I have. / Yes, I have ever been to …
No, I haven’t. / No, I have never been to …
（2）When did you go there?
I went there last year.
（3）I have never been to a water park.
Neither have I.
I have ever been to an amusement park.
So have I.
（4）How long have you been studying English?
I’ve been studying English since nine o’clock.
I’ve been studying English since I came back home.
I’ve been studying English for five hours.
（5）What’s that?
It’s an amusement park in Japan.
I’ve never been to an amusement park like it before.
It’s fun to learn another language.
Let’s go tonight.
Isn’t this great?
3. 语法 现在完成时
I. 用法
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响
I have studied English. 表示I know a little English.
He has already come back. 表示He is here now.
常与already, yet, just, recently, ever, never, before等表示不确定时间的时间状语连用。
（2）现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
She has been ill for 3 days.
He has worked in the bank since 1990.
此时，句中谓语动词通常是延续性动词，且常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：these days, all this year, recently, for ＋时间段以及since＋时间点等等。
II. 构成：have / has ＋动词过去分词
（1）has用于主语是第三人称单数，have用于其它人称
（2）动词的过去分词构成分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词在词尾加ed，其规则与过去式一样。不规则动词要记住。例如：take－taken, go－gone等。
III. 肯定式、否定式和疑问式
I have received a special gift.
I have not received any special gift.
I have never received any special gift.
Have you received any special gift? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
He has ever played golf.
He has not played golf.
He has never played golf.
Has he ever played golf? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
IV. have been （to）和have gone（to）的区别：
“have been （to）”指“去过某地”，说话时此人已经不在那里，已经回来、侧重指经历。I have been to America. 我去过美国。
“have gone （to）”指“已经去了某地”，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。He has gone to America. 他已经去了美国。
V. 延续性动词和瞬间动词
有延续性的动词可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。He has worked in the bank for 5 years. work 是延续性动词，可以和for 5 years连用。
而瞬间动词不可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如果要表示其延续，可以用be动词。例如，不可以说He has come for 2 hours. come是瞬间动词。可以说He has been here for 2 hours. 他在这里呆了两个小时。
VI. 一般过去时，现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
一般过去时只表示过去的一个动作或状态，和现在不发生联系。现在完成时是用一个过去的动作说明现在的情况。
He lived in Beijing in 2000. 只说明他2000年住在北京，他目前住在哪里并不清楚。
He has lived in Beijing since 2000.
说明他自从2000年就住在北京，他目前还住在北京。
现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”这一概念，有时两者可以互相代用，但前者多用于口语。在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时；如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性或者动作仍然继续下去时，则多用现在完成进行时。如：
a. I have written six letters since breakfast.
从吃早饭到现在我写了六封信。
I have been writing letters since breakfast.
从吃早饭到现在我一直在写信。
b. I have read this book.
我读过这本书。
I have been reading this book.
我一直在读这本书。
练习：
I have already finished my homework . 已经
He has not finished his homework yet. 还没
My mom has just come back .刚刚
We have been very busy recently. 最近
I have ever seen this movie. 曾经
He has never rea
生词表: