苹果(Apple Inc.)的平板电脑业务未来面临两种可能的情境:一种是令人叹为观止的情境,另一种则是超级令人叹为观止的王者情境。在第一种情境中,iPad系列产品将继续给苹果带来远高于竞品的利润,而且苹果仍可能占据平板电脑市场的头把交椅。但鉴于来自廉价平板设备的竞争不断加剧,iPad的统治地位将逐步动摇,其市场份额最终可能滑落至25%或以下。但这对苹果而言并非灾难。在这一情境中,iPad将与其兄长iPhone处于同样的地位:占有中等水平的市场份额,能够带来可观的利润。换句话说,这是相当令人叹为观止的情境。
There are two
potential paths for Apple Inc.'s
tablet business: Call it the Amazing Scenario and the Super-Extra-Amazing-With-Whip Scenario.
在第二种情境中,iPad大获全胜。如同iPod业务一样,苹果的平板电脑业务就利润和市场份额而言将保持长期的、不可战胜的领先地位。当然,会有一些对手争夺第二名的位置,但它们不过是跑龙套的。对个人电脑行业而言,这是噩梦般的情境。
In the first, Apple's iPad line continues to earn far more money than rival tablets, and likely remains the top
seller in the category. But with
increasinglyintensecompetition from low-price devices, the iPad will slowly give up its dominance,
eventually slipping to perhaps a quarter or less of the
tablet market. This wouldn't be
disastrous for Apple. In this scenario, the iPad would be in the same place as its older brother the iPhone --
spectacularearnings from middling marketshare. In other words, pretty amazing.
如果你相信,平板电脑将成为我们这个时代生活和工作的主要计算设备,那么苹果在市场的统治地位将令其成为一个永远不会倒下的、吸金能力超强的庞然大物。在未来的电脑行业中,iPad将让苹果成为一个类似微软(Microsoft Inc.)、英特尔(Intel Inc.)和戴尔(Dell Inc.)的合体。
In the second scenario, the iPad runs the table. Like it did in the iPod business, Apple's tablets will
maintain a long-term,
indomitable lead in both
earnings and market share. Sure, you'll see a
handful of rivals vie for second place, but they'll be a sideshow. For the PC industry, this is the
nightmare scenario.
周二,苹果揭开了一系列新款iPad的面纱。在这之后,苹果更有可能迎来哪一种情境呢?
If you believe that tablets are becoming the
primary computing
device of our age both at home and work, then Apple's market share dominance would establish a self-perpetuating, super-profitable juggernaut. The iPad would make Apple the combined
equivalent of Microsoft Inc., Intel Inc. and Dell Inc. of tomorrow's
computer business.
笔者坚定地认为——虽然做出这样的预测会违反我学到的所有准则,新款iPad将推动苹果朝着第二种情境,也就是超级令人叹为观止的王者情境迈进。有了iPad这一利器,苹果将掌控整个行业的局面,而且有可能最终获得胜利。
On Tuesday, Apple unveiled a slate of new iPads. Which of the two paths is more likely,
considering the new models?
我知道,你可能对此持怀疑态度。最近iPad的市场份额一直在萎缩,而且第三季度其销量首次出现同比下滑。本周早些时候,笔者还表示,长期来看,谷歌(Google Inc.)旗下的摩托罗拉子公司将有可能吃掉苹果智能手机的利润。
I'm going to
violate every lesson I
learned at Pundit University by issuing a firm prediction: I think Apple's new iPads will help push it toward realizing the second, super-extra-with-whip scenario. With the iPad, Apple is going for the whole game -- and it is likely to win.
现在,经过数年的业务整顿,谷歌和其他竞争对手也在生产又好又便宜的平板电脑,那么,谁敢说iPad不会像iPhone那样脆弱?
I know you're skeptical. The iPad's market share has been sinking lately, and in the third quarter, Apple reported its first ever year-over-year decline in iPad sales. And earlier this week, I argued that Google Inc.'s Motorola division was a long-term effort to wipe out Apple's smartphone profits.
但在周二苹果的产品发布会上,首席执行长库克(Tim Cook)给出了两个让竞争对手头疼的数字。
Now, after years of putting out ill-considered junk, Google and other competitors are making great, cheap tablets, too -- so doesn't the iPad look just as vulnerable as the iPhone?
But at Apple's press event on Tuesday, CEO Tim Cook put out two numbers that should give rivals a headache.
第一个数字:299美元。这是iPad Mini的最新价格,较去年发售的同款产品低40美元,也创下了苹果开始销售iPad以来的最低价格。正如对音乐播放器的定位一样,苹果的目标不是提供市场上最廉价的产品。但通过实现产品线定价的足够多样化,以及每年增加足够多的新功能,苹果在不断扩大销量的同时,仍可以赚到利润。
The first number is $299. That's the new price of the iPad Mini, $40 lower than the same model sold for last year, and the lowest price that Apple has ever sold the iPad. Just like in the music
player business, Apple isn't aiming to become the cheapest product on the market. But by
offering enough pricing
diversity in its lineup, and adding in enough new features every year, it keeps expanding its accessibility while still minting a profit.
我们注意到,在音乐播放器业务中,上述策略得到完美运行:在面市10年后,iPod仍占据78%的市场份额。我敢打赌,这一历史将在iPad身上重演。当你将苹果目前向所有iPad提供的免费办公软件考虑在内,iPad的价格已经足够低,这使得iPad与其他价格更低的产品相比仍具备优势。
Note that in music players, that
strategy worked perfectly: A
decade after its release, the iPod still commanded 78% of the market. I'm betting that history will repeat itself in tablets. When you consider the free productivity software that Apple is now throwing in with all iPads, its prices are just low enough to give the iPad an edge over cheaper rivals.
库克的第二个数据:64%。这是iOS 7发布仅仅几周后,搭载该操作系统的苹果设备所占比重。iOS 7是2007年iPhone手机推出以来,苹果在移动操作系统方面做出的最大幅度的改动。iPad迅速抢占市场份额,凸显出它的主要优势之一:它是一个统一的平台,而其他平板电脑都各自独立。
Tim Cook's second number: 64%. That's the share of Apple devices that are
running iOS 7 -- the most
radical change in its mobile operating
system since the iPhone was launched in 2007 -- just a few weeks after its release. The quick uptake underscores one of the iPad's main advantages: It is a unified platform, while other tablets stand alone.
诚然,一些竞争对手推出的平板电脑配置更高、价格更低,比如,谷歌Nexus 7售价229美元,外形轻薄,速度快,显示屏美轮美奂。但它们都存在一个致命性的缺陷,这个缺陷将限制其吸引力。很多为平板电脑优化后的应用,苹果的竞争对手都没有。与此同时,iPad吸引了40多万个专为其屏幕尺寸所设计的应用。
It's true that some rival tablets offer better specs and lower prices -- Google's $229 Nexus 7 is thin, light, fast, and has a fantastically crisp display -- but they all suffer a fatal flaw that will limit their appeal. Apple's rivals lack many apps that are optimized for tablets. Meanwhile, the iPad has managed to attract more than 400,000 apps that are designed for its
screen size.
原因很简单:当开发者为iPad编写应用时,这些应用可以在各款iPad上使用,不管是售价299美元的机型还是售价超过800美元的机型。
There is a simple reason: When developers write apps for the iPad, the apps work on every model, from the iPad that goes for $299 to the ones that sell for more than $800.
苹果的竞争对手在各机型之间缺乏这样的统一性。谷歌安卓(Android)操作系统的碎片化程度已经到了危险的地步。制造商不同、尺寸不同的平板电脑搭载不同版本的安卓系统,比如亚马逊(Amazon.com Inc.)的Kindle Fire就使用了经过完全重新设计的安卓版本。这会增加安卓应用开发的成本和时间,使安卓不适和在企业内大范围应用。
Apple's rivals can't claim anything close to that kind of
uniformity across models. Google's Android's operating
system is perilously fragmented. Tablets by different manufacturers and in different sizes run different versions of Android, including Amazon.com Inc.'s completely reworked
version on the Kindle Fire. This bumps up the time and cost of developing apps for the system, which makes Android a
nuisance in large-scale business deployments.
怀疑者可能会指出,安卓的碎片化也影响了智能手机,但谷歌的操作系统在这一领域仍然超过了iPhone的市场份额。但平板电脑不一样。人们认为平板电脑更像是个人电脑而不是手机——平板电脑被用来应付简单的计算任务,因此对于海量应用的依赖程度要大得多。
Skeptics might note that Android's fragmentation plagues smartphones, too, and yet Google's operating
system has managed to outstrip the iPhone's market share there. But tablets are different. People think of tablets as more like PCs than like phones -- they are meant for light computing tasks, and as a result they are far more
dependent on a large library of apps.
不装任何应用的手机在某种程度上还是有用的,你还是能打电话、发短信。但一台平板电脑如果没有足够的好用应用会怎样?它毫无疑问就成了二流产品:你没法享受最新的游戏、最新的社交应用以及最新的一切。值得注意的是,推特(Twitter Inc.)本月才发布了一款针对安卓平板电脑的应用,但针对iPad的应用是一直就有的。
A phone with no apps is still kind of useful. You can still make phone calls and send texts. But a
tablet without enough
decent apps? It's
decidedly second-rate: You'll be shut out of the latest games, the latest social apps, the latest everything. Note that Twitter Inc. only released an app designed for Android tablets this month, yet it has had one for the iPad forever.
而且还有一个关键之处说明了安卓市场的整个问题:目前,推特的应用只能在三星电子(Samsung Electronics Inc.)的平板电脑上使用。如果你用的是Nexus 7或其他安卓平板,就只能将就着用推特简化的智能手机版应用。
And here's the catch that illustrates the whole problem with Android's marketplace: For now, Twitter's app is
available only on Samsung Electronics Inc.'s tablets. If you have the Nexus 7 or any other Android tab, you'll have to slum it with Twitter's stretched-out smartphone app.
iPad的一致性在商业应用方面尤其重要。苹果对平板电脑的定位是在许多商业任务上取代电脑——比如客户服务台、餐厅的位子、银行、学校、航空驾驶舱,基本上就是人们需要一台电脑但又不想用个人电脑的任何地方。在这些大规模部署中,iPad单一、可靠的开发平台是压低一个组织维护和开发成本的关键。
The iPad's
uniformity is especially important in business applications. Apple is positioning the
tablet as a replacement for computers in a
variety of
commercial tasks -- at
customer service counters,
restauranthostess tables, at banks, schools, airline cockpits, pretty much everywhere someone would need a
computer but doesn't want to lug in a PC. In those large-scale deployments, the iPad's single,
reliable development
platform is key to keeping down an organization's
maintenance and development costs.
这个优势还在不断自我强化:购买iPad的人越多,它吸引的开发者也就越多,从而增强这个平台并进而吸引更多的用户。在经济学上,这被称为"网络效应",即销售的增长会带来产品的改善,从而推动更多的销售。
This
advantage is self-reinforcing: The more people who buy the iPad, the more developers it attracts, strengthening the
platform and thus attracting more users. In economics, this dynamic -- in which increased sales improve a product, driving more sales -- is known as a
network effect.
你也可以说这是Windows成功的秘密,如今它成了苹果在后电脑时代霸权的倚仗。
You might also call it the secret of Windows' success, now powering Apple's post-PC hegemony.