美国各地的学校匆匆将平板电脑作为教学工具之际,随之而来的一些问题令一些学区的官员们开始重新考虑这一最新科技趋势的有用性,甚至是安全程度。洛杉矶出现的相关问题最受关注。当地有一个规模10亿美元的项目,向
幼儿园至12年级学生提供苹果公司(Apple Inc.)的iPad产品,但由于一些学生越过安全系统,使用社交媒体、网络游戏等原本禁止使用的内容,这个项目受到批评。该项目通过经投票批准发行的债券来提供资金。
As schools rush to
embracecomputer tablets as teaching tools, glitches have officials in a few districts rethinking the
usefulness and even
security of the latest technology trend.
洛杉矶联合学区(Los Angeles Unified School District)暂时从三所高中的学生手中收回了数千台平板电脑,并要求在这个项目已经覆盖到的全部30所学校,所发放的平板电脑仅限在校内使用。学校董事会成员定于10月29日召开一个特别会议,在就为该项目第二和第三阶段进行融资一事举行投票前,对规模5,000万美元的项目第一阶段进行评估。
The highest-profile snafu came in Los Angeles, where a $1
billionprogram -- funded by voter-approved bonds -- to provide Apple Inc. iPads for K-12 students came under fire after some students sidestepped the
securitysystem and accessed social media, online games and other content that was
supposed to be blocked.
洛杉矶学校董事会成员凯泽(Bennett Kayser)说,该校区在计划这个项目时操之过急,忽视了一些风险,比如设备丢失或者失窃的潜在成本,内置课程软件完整性也存在质疑。他说,科技是一个工具,本身并不是一个目标。
The Los Angeles Unified School District
temporarily took back thousands of tablets from students at three high schools and required the devices to remain on-campus in all 30 schools where the effort had been rolled out. School board officials called a special meeting for Oct. 29 to assess the $50 million first phase of the
program ahead of votes to fund the second and third phases.
据美国数字化教育中心(Center for Digital Education)称,在洛杉矶断断续续实施这个项目之际,预计2013年全美
幼儿园至12年级学校在科技上的支出将达97亿美元,高于2003年的60亿美元。美国数字化教育中心是一个全国性的研究和顾问机构,专长于教育科技趋势和政策。
Los Angeles school board member Bennett Kayser said the district's
initiative was 'hastily planned' and several 'red flags' were overlooked, such as the
potential expense of lost or
stolen devices and questions about the completeness of the installed curriculum software. 'Technology is a tool, not an end unto itself.'
支持者说,新科技或许可以令教师更好的针对学生的个人学术水平和学习方式,并且可以吸引那些经常对更传统的授课方式感到厌烦的学生。比如,教师可以实时观察学生的写作情况,如果发现哪个学生的引言写得不好,或者哪个学生标点用的不对,教师可以给她发个信息予以提醒。
The fitful Los Angeles rollout comes as K-12 schools nationwide are expected to spend $9.7
billion on technology in 2013, up from $6
billion in 2003, according to the Center for Digital Education, a national
research and advisory
institute specializing in education technology trends and policy.
总部设在密歇根的一对一研究所(One-to-One Institute)的威尔逊(Leslie Wilson)说,学生们应当学着成为信息的创造者和生产者,而不是机械的重复者和消费者;科技产品能加快这些技能的形成。她说,笔记本电脑和平板电脑等设备可以令学生受益,前提是以学生的成就为出发点,而不是只看到这些产品的浮华面。一对一研究所是一家非营利性机构,主要帮助学区实施向每位学生发放数字设备的项目。
Advocates say new technology may allow teachers to better target students' individual
academic levels and
learning styles, and engage students who often are bored by the more
traditional style of teaching. For example, teachers can watch students
writing essays in real time and shoot one a note if she failed to write a proper
introduction and another a separate note if she used
improper punctuation.
质疑者说,学校争先恐后的作出数字产品承诺,基本都没经过事先考虑,一些学校希望电脑工具能提高教学效果,而对这个问题的研究还无定论。比如,南缅因大学(University of Southern Maine)的研究人员发现,一个向中学生发放笔记本电脑的计划提高了写作成绩;而德州教育研究中心(Texas Center for Educational Research)的一项研究发现,获得笔记本电脑和没获得笔记本电脑的中学生的测验成绩没有差异。
Leslie Wilson, of the Michigan-based One-to-One Institute, a nonprofit that helps districts
implement programs that
assign a digital
device to every student, said students must learn to be 'creators and producers, not regurgitators and consumers' of information, and technology can
hasten those skills. She said laptops, tablets and other such devices can benefit students if they are chosen with student
achievement in mind, rather than on the 'glitziness' of the product.
Stephanie Banchero / Erica E. Phillips