酷兔英语
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GROWING UP, I NEVER had tan lines. Want proof? There's a color snapshot on display in my parents' home: a naked 2-year-old is shown from behind, climbing up a bathroom counter. For as long as I can remember, a framed 3x5-inch print has sat next to the sink where it was taken. My dad doesn't carry a copy in his wallet. My mom hasn't distributed it to family or friends. Up until now, unless you were invited into my childhood home, you never would've known this cute little portrait even existed.


小的时候,我身上从来没晒出过"分界线"。要证据?我父母家摆着一张彩色照片:一个两岁小孩光着身子背对镜头,往浴室洗手台上爬。从我记事起,拍照的那个水槽旁边就一直放着这张3x5英寸的加框相片。父亲钱包里没有放这张照片,母亲也没把它分发给亲戚或朋友。直到现在,除非受邀去我儿时的家,否则你永远都不会知道有这么一张可爱的小照片。



Proud parents have been perfecting this genre for decades. While the intimate moments themselves remain largely unchanged, how we choose to share them-much like the tools for capturing them-has evolved dramatically since my parents first became parents in late 1979.


几十年来,深以自己孩子为豪的家长们一直在慢慢完善这种题材。虽然那些亲密时刻本身没多大变化,但从我父母初为父母时的1979年末以来,我们分享这些时刻的方式──就像我们捕捉这些时刻的工具一样──已经发生了剧变。



Today, the default is, of course, Facebook. Although privacy settings allow us to control which circle(s) of friends has access to parts of our profiles, many people either don't understand how to use them or prefer not to. Plus, like record labels and print publishers, parents are discovering that once content becomes digital, it can be easily copied and redistributed willy-nilly (hello, grandparents!). The result: photos of kids in compromising, colorful circumstances, and status updates recounting even more compromising, colorful circumstances, intended for a select few, are now spread out over the Web for everyone.


如今,大家的首选当然是Facebook。虽然隐私设置允许我们控制哪些朋友能查看我们的资料,但很多人不知道怎么设置,或不喜欢设置。此外,像唱片公司和印刷品出版商一样,父母们发现,一旦内容变成数字化,就很容易被复制并再度扩散,不管你愿不愿意(爷爷奶奶们,跟上时代啊!)结果就是:孩子在令人难堪、妙趣横生情境下的照片,还有描述更令人难堪、妙趣横生情境的状态更新,这些原本只是给少数几个人看的内容,现在却在网上散播,每个人都能看到。



Just spend five minutes on the blog 'STFU, Parents,' which collects submissions of Facebook status updates and photos just to mock them ('STFU' stands for 'shut the f- up') and you'll start to rethink what you should and shouldn't share about your children and parenting.


只消在"STFU, Parents"博客上花上五分钟,你就会开始反思:关于孩子以及孩子成长过程中的事情哪些应该分享,哪些不该分享。该博客专门收集上传到Facebook的状态更新和照片对其进行嘲弄("STFU"代表"shut the f- up",意为"闭上你的嘴")。



I WOULD NEVER TELL ANYONE how to raise their kids. But I've decided to draw a line in the sand with mine. When it comes to my son, who is 3 months old, I am doing away with privacy settings altogether-by abstaining. That means my wife and I won't be posting photos or discussing him online publicly (more on that later). Like a kid born into a vegetarian or Amish family, that is just the way it will be.


我永远都不会跟别人说应该如何抚养自己的孩子。但我决定自己要设定一个底线。对我三个月大的儿子,我完全弃用了隐私设置。也就是说,我和妻子不能上传他的照片或公开在网上讨论他。就像一个孩子出生在了素食主义家庭或阿米什人家庭(注:阿米什人主要居住在美国和加拿大五大湖区附近,仍然保持很原始的生活方式,和现代社会"格格不入"),该怎样就怎样了。



This hasn't been easy. I'm no Luddite. I fit the profile of what Nielsen recently defined as 'Generation C,' adults between 18 and 34 who are deeply invested in digital life (the 'C' stands for 'connected'). I joined Friendster in 2002. Myspace in 2003. Flickr in 2004. Facebook in 2005. I've been tweeting almost daily since 2007. I've checked into Foursquare. Uploaded to YouTube. Updated my Path. And I still post regularly to Instagram, albeit privately.


这样做并不容易。我并不是反对科技进步的勒德主义者(Luddite)。我符合尼尔森(Nielsen)最近所定义的"C一代"(Generation C)的特点,它是指18到34岁、在数字生活中投入大量精力的成年人("C"代表"connected",意为"连接")。我在2002年加入Friendster,2003年加入Myspace,2004年加入Flickr,2005年加入Facebook。从2007年开始我几乎每天都发微博。我在Foursquare上签到,在YouTube上传视频,在Path更新状态。现在我还经常在Instagram上传照片,不过是不公开的。



But I am an early adopter by choice, not obligation. It's not that I want my son to remain hidden from the world. I just want him to inherit a decision instead of a list of passwords and default settings. If he takes part in social media, he'll eventually do so on his own terms, not mine. (At what age? No idea. I'm new at this!)


但我敢于尝鲜并不是被迫,而是出于自愿。我并不是想让儿子藏起来不接触世界。我只是想让他继承一种决定的权利,而不是一串密码和默认设置。如果他要加入社交媒体,最终他会按自己的意愿去做,而不是我的。(到几岁呢?我不知道。这方面我没经验!)



As more of Gen-C begins having kids, I suspect they'll agree. In the last decade, we've watched parents embrace social media, often too much. I call it 'oversharenting': the tendency for parents to share a lot of information and photos of their kids online. Sure, there's a big difference between announcing your baby's first crawl and details of your dirty-diaper duty (or worse). But it's a slippery slope.


随着越来越多的C一代开始生孩子,我觉得他们也会赞同这一点。过去十年间,我们看到很多父母热情地接受社交媒体,往往都热情过头了。我称之为"过度晒孩子"(oversharenting):父母在网上分享大量孩子的信息及照片的癖好。的确,宣布孩子第一次学会爬行和自己换脏尿布苦差事的细节(甚至更糟)有很大不同。但这是个让人越陷越深的泥潭。



In extreme cases, parents wind up jockeying for attention or Facebook 'likes' a la 1990s TV programs like 'America's Funniest Home Videos' or 'Kids Say the Darndest Things.' A YouTube video of a loopy 7-year-old after a trip to the dentist has been viewed 110 million times. His parents now run a website that sells $15 T-shirts featuring the kid. I don't blame those parents for capitalizing on the kid's Internet celebrity. But I'd rather take out loans than push for my son to out-cutesy the rest of the world.


在极端的情况下,父母最后会使出像"美国家庭搞笑录像"(America's Funniest Home Videos)或"奇妙童言"(Kids Say the Darndest Things)等20世纪90年代电视节目里那样的手段来博取眼球或在Facebook上得到更多的"赞"。YouTube上一个七岁小孩看完牙医后说话颠三倒四的视频被观看了1.1亿次。他的父母现在经营着一个网站,出售印有该小孩照片的T恤,售价15美元。我并不指责这两位家长利用孩子的网络名气来赚钱,但我宁愿借钱也不会让我的儿子对这个世界忸怩作态。



'It is dangerous to think of life as a constantcompetition on 'Hot or Not,'' said Elias Aboujaoude, a psychiatry professor at Stanford and author of 'Virtually You: The Dangerous Powers of the E-Personality.' 'But that is the message that much of our cyber experience sends us. Directing Internet traffic to our picture, website or posting should not be the goal.'


《虚拟的你:E-型人格的危险力量》(Virtually You: The Dangerous Powers of the E-Personality)一书作者、斯坦福大学(Stanford University)精神病学教授伊莱亚斯•阿布贾德(Elias Aboujaoude)说,"老把生活当成是一场'人气高不高'(Hot or Not)的竞赛是危险的。但这却是我们大部分网络体验传递给我们的信息。不应该将提高自己图片、网站或发帖的点击量作为目标。"



Of course, sharing simple anecdotes and photos is not inherently a bad thing. There's a clear upside for new parents, especially. 'Motherhood can be very isolating,' said Judith Donath, a fellow at Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet and Society and author of the forthcoming book 'The Social Machine.' 'When the babies are really young, you run out of things to do. Sitting there with a camera just gives you something to do. But to what extent is the person posting photos getting real companionship?'


当然,分享简单轶事和照片本身并不是坏事。特别是对初为父母者有一个明显的好处。即将出版的新书《社会机器》(The Social Machine)的作者、哈佛大学伯克曼互联网与社会中心(Berkman Center for Internet & Society)研究员朱迪斯•多纳特(Judith Donath)说,"母亲照顾小孩会非常有孤立感,当婴儿还很小的时候,你会没事可做。拿着相机坐在那里会让你手头上有点事做。但上传照片到底会给人带来多少真正的有人陪伴的感觉呢?"



I'M LESS CONCERNED WITH WHY parents use social media or what they may get from of it, than how they're using it and how this choice might affect kids, especially as we've watched Facebook grow from a novelty to multibillion-dollar stalwart.


相对于家长们为什么要用社交媒体或他们能从中得到什么这些问题,我更关心的是他们如何使用社交媒体以及这种选择会对孩子有何影响,特别是当我们眼看着Facebook从一个新兴网站成长为价值数十亿美元的社交媒体巨擘的时候。



Timeline, the social network's recent visual rework, displays everything you post, say or do-marriages, divorces, children, friendships, vacations-on the site, in sequential order. The presumption is that, from now on, all children should have their lives documented online.


Facebook新近推出的"时间线"功能可以显示用户上传的所有东西,你说的话和做的事──结婚、离婚、孩子、友谊、度假──都在网站上按时间顺序排列。也许其设想是,从现在开始,所有孩子都会在网上记录下自己的生活。



Two decades ago, parents began registering domains named for their kids. Today, they register Facebook profiles for their unborn children, and even write status updates in first person. Similarly, parents set up Twitter accounts for their infants, and send tweets on their baby's behalf. Messages I've seen range from the banal ('Ate. Slept. Pooped.') to the more self-conscious: 'Thanks to social media my day wearing a bear suit will live on to inspire future generations...and embarrass me as a teenager.'


二十年前,家长开始为自己的孩子注册域名。如今,他们在Facebook上为自己未出生的孩子注册账户,甚至以第一人称发布状态更新。同样的,家长们在Twitter上为自己的宝宝建立账户,并以宝宝的身份发微博。我看过各种各样的微博,有的乏味如"吃饭。睡觉。筋疲力尽。",有的则很矫情:"多亏了社交媒体,我穿熊熊套装的这天将会继续激励未来几代人......还会让我长大的时候难为情。"



Again, there's a difference between discussing and posting images of your child, and hijacking his or her identity online. Either way, it's difficult to say what the consequences of oversharenting might be. In her 2008 article 'Why Youth Social Network Sites,' Danah Boyd, a senior researcher at Microsoft, discussed how creating social media profiles bolsters a teenager's sense of identity. However, it's somewhat unclear what happens when an adolescent inherits a digital legacy-told through photos, anecdotes or even those faux-narratives-from his or her parents.


还是一样,讨论和上传孩子的照片与在网上绑架孩子的身份是有区别的。总之,很难说清楚"过度晒孩子"会有什么后果。在2008年的文章《年轻人为何沉迷社交网站》(Why Youth Social Network Sites)中,微软(Microsoft)高级研究员达纳•柏恩德(Danah Boyd)探讨了创建社交媒体资料如何提升青少年的认同感。然而,我们不知道当一个青少年从父母那里继承数字遗产──通过照片、轶事甚至令人难堪的那些叙述得知──时会是什么情形。



'More than ever, a 'digital legacy' is a very difficult thing to shed,' Mr. Aboujaoude said, 'and the 'reinvention' can turn out to be an exercise in wishful thinking.'


阿布贾德说,"'数字遗产'越发地难以去除,而且这种'再创造'最终最终也许被证实不过是一种一厢情愿的做法。"



'We're a culture that's used to a lot of things being ephemeral,' said Ms. Donath. 'To a large extent that is now disappearing.'


多纳特说,"我们是一种习惯很多事情转瞬即逝的文化,如今在很大程度上,这种文化正在消失。"



In other words, the more of our lives we put online from the beginning, the more there is to contend with later on. On the other hand, my son has been born into a world that subscribes to online existence as the ultimate decider of truth. We say things like 'Pics or it didn't happen.' We get creeped out by people who are un-Googleable (I mean, right?). As MIT professor Sherry Turkle put it, 'I share, therefore I am.'


换言之,我们一开始把有关自己生活的内容在网上放得越多,后来我们要争论的东西就越多。另一方面,我的儿子出生在一个把网络存在作为决定真理的终极因素的世界。我们会说诸如"无图无真相"之类的话。我们会认为不能在谷歌上搜到的人很诡异(是这样吧?)。正如麻省理工学院(MIT)教授雪莉•特克(Sherry Turkle)所说的,"我分享故我在。"



I'M TORN BETWEENwanting to offer my son a tabula rasa, and tapping the efficient, frictionless nature of digital tools to share him with our family and friends. My wife and I live hundreds of miles from our immediate family and some of our closest friends.


我既想让儿子如白纸般单纯地成长,又想利用数字工具的高效和透明把他的一切和亲朋好友分享,为此我纠结不已。我和妻子住的地方离直系亲属和最亲近的朋友可都有数百英里之遥啊。



By lowering the supply of him online, we've actually increased the demand. It's been only three months, but my wife and I have received emails, text messages, phone calls and Facebook messages all hounding us for images of our son. Initially, we sent out one email with one photo taken the day he was born. Then, we set up a Picasa folder and invited only close family and a few friends, but it doesn't rally the same excitement or immediacy of an Instagram upload.


我们减少了儿子信息在网上的供应,而实际上这却增加了需求。才三个月而已,但我和妻子已经收到了很多电子邮件、短信、电话和Facebook消息,都逼着我们要儿子的照片。开始我们发了一封有他出生那天照片的邮件。后来我们建了一个Picasa文件夹,只邀请了几个关系好的亲朋好友,但它的号召力和即时性都不及Instagram上传的照片。



Our current networks are already inundated. It doesn't seem practical to boot the people I wouldn't feel comfortable sharing a naked-baby-climbing-the-counter photo with, for instance. Playing with Facebook's settings to find the right nuance seems like more trouble than it's worth.


我们目前的人际关系已经颇为繁杂。拒绝和我感到不舒服的人分享,比如一张婴儿光着身子爬洗手台的照片,似乎不太实际。研究Facebook的设置来探寻其中的奥妙似乎又不值得劳神费力。



What then? I have no idea. But I want to find out. I'm starting to explore every app, website and service I can that will allow me to balance both goals: preserving my son's blank slate, and our desire to share him with our friends and family. So far, I'm intrigued by Snapchat, an iPhone app that auto-deletes photos within 10 seconds of their being posted. On Google+, you can host a private 'Hangout' or live chat with up to nine devices. There's Socialcam, an app for sharing and emailing videos. I'm not expecting to find a perfect platform. And I'm pretty sure I know how to avoid oversharenting. But there's got to be a happy medium.


那怎么办呢?我毫无头绪。但我想摸索。我开始尽可能地研究每个能让我两全其美的应用程序、网站和服务:既能保留儿子的单纯,又能满足我们与亲友分享的欲望。目前为止Snapchat引起了我的兴趣,这是一款能在照片上传10秒后自动删除的iPhone程序。在Google+上,你可以发起一次私人"Hangout"视频聊天或同时与多达九个设备聊天。还有分享和电邮传送视频的程序Socialcam。我不指望能找到一个完美的平台,而且我很肯定我知道如何避免"过度晒孩子",但得有一个两全其美的办法。



STEVEN LECKART


STEVEN LECKART



文章总共1页