Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

　　For questions 1-7, mark

　　Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

　　N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

　　NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

　　For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

　　Airplane

　　Airplane Instruments

　　Modern airplanes are complicated machines. Pilots need many gauges(量表) and electronic aids to help fly them. The flight deck of a large passenger plane contains many indicator dials and warning lights. One of the most important instruments is the altimeter, which tells the pilot how high the plane is off the ground. The air speed indicator measures the plane's speed. The artificial horizon shows the position of the plane relative to the horizon. The turn and back indicator shows how much, if at all, the plane is turning and tilting. In dense clouds and fog, a pilot would not always know which way the plane is heading if it weren't for this instrument. A gyrocompass(旋转罗盘)and various radio devices are necessary for navigation.

　　Most large planes also have an automatic pilot. This is a device operated by a computer. It will fly the plane without the pilots touching the controls. These autopilots can even control takeoffs and landings. The flight deck also contains many gauges and meters that tell the pilot whether the many pieces of equipment on the plane are operating properly. They measure fuel level, temperatures, cabin pressure, electric current, etc. Indicators show whether the landing gear is up or down. The radio equipment allows the pilot to talk to ground controllers and to receive navigation signals.

　　Airplane Construction

　　Early airplanes were made of wood frames covered by fabric and held in shape by wire. After World War I, airplane designers started to use lightweight metals like aluminum, titanium, and magnesium alloys. A thin skin of metal was riveted into place over metal ribs. Strong epoxy(环氧的) glues are now used for some joints, instead of rivets. As planes grew in size, they became heavier. More powerful engines were developed in order to fly the heavier planes.

　　The use of metals brings with it a problem called metal fatigue. Stress and vibration in flight can cause metal parts eventually to break up. Airplanes must be constantly checked for signs of this trouble. Defective parts must be renewed by aircraft maintenance people.

　　Designers test scale models in wind tunnels before the full sized planes are built. Reactions of the models to high speed air streams give good indications how full sized planes will react in flight. This approach helps save a lot of money. It also helps to make airplanes safe.

　　Airport

　　An airport is a place where airplanes arrive and depart. Passengers leave and arrive on the airplanes and cargo is loaded and unloaded. Large, jet powered airplanes require long runways for takeoffs and landings. Big terminal buildings are necessary to handle thousands of passengers and their baggage. Very large airports usually serve several large cities and cover thousands of acres. Hundreds of planes arrive and depart daily. All this traffic must be carefully controlled to avoid delays and accidents. This is done from a control tower. The tower stands high above the ground. Air traffic controllers, inside the tower, must be able to guide airplanes through their takeoffs and landings.

　　Large airports are often like small cities. Many have post offices, banks, hotels, restaurants, and many kinds of shops. Airports have their own fire and police departments, fuel storage tanks, and repair work shops. Some companies even have their shipping warehouses located at airports.

　　One of the largest airports in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth. This airport covers 7 200 hectares （18 000 acres）.Its five terminals can handle the arrivals and departures of 90 jumbo jets at the same time. O'Hare International Airport, in Chicago, is the busiest airport in the world. It handles more than 37 million passengers a year.

　　Small airports that are used only by private airplanes usually cover 20 to 40 hectares （50 to 100 acres）.They do not need all the buildings and services of a large airport. The control tower may be just a small room in a building at ground level.

　　Runways

　　Early planes were light. Early runways were sometimes just level grass fields. Paved runways became necessary when airplanes became heavier and faster. Today's big jet planes weigh hundreds of tons. They move along runways at speeds of 160 kph （100 mph）.When they land, the runways take a lot of pounding and must be made of concrete or asphalt(沥青).They must have solid foundations and a surface that prevents skidding.

　　Airplanes take off into the wind in order to get better lift. They also land into the wind to have better control as they slow down. Most airports have runways pointing in different directions. This means that there are always runways on which airplanes can go into the wind as they take off and land.

　　Heavily loaded passenger jets need long runways to gather enough speed to leave the ground. Runways at some large airports are longer than 3 000m（10 000 ft）.

　　At night, bright lights line the runways so that pilots can find them without trouble. A system of flashing guide lights is set up beyond the runway to help pilots land safely.

　　Control Towers

　　People who work in control towers are called air traffic controllers. They direct the movements of all planes on the ground and in the air by keeping track of them on large radar screens. Air traffic controllers tell a pilot, by radio, when and where to taxi or pilot the plane down the runway.

　　Electronic equipment is used to guide airplanes. Long range radar is used to keep track of planes far away from the airport. This radar is called Ground Control Approach (GCA).When the airplane gets within a few miles of the runway, the air traffic controller begins to use Precision Approach Radar (PAR).This allows the controller to guide the airplane to within 0.4km（0.25mi）of the runway. At that point, the pilot completes the landing. Another electronic aid used in bad weather is the Instrument Landing System (ILS).In this system, radio transmitters located near the runway send guidance signals to the airplane. These signals tell the pilot how to steer the plane for the final approach to the runways. Today, there are also electronic "microwave" landing systems (MLS) that can land the plane fully automatically.

　　Terminal Buildings

　　Terminal buildings vary in size and shape. Most of them are quite large. More than 228 million people fly on the airlines in America every year. Every passenger must pass through terminals. Long, covered walkways lead from the center of some terminals to the gates where airplanes are boarded. At some airports, buses are used to transport passengers to their airplanes. Passengers arriving from another country must pass through customs and passport control. Customs officials check the incoming baggage for taxable items. They also check passengers to be sure no forbidden items are brought into the country. Passport officials check the passports of passengers for personal identification.

　　Passengers are not allowed to bring guns, knives, or other weapons onto a passenger airplane. Before boarding, they must walk through a detector which triggers a special signal if they are carrying anything made of metal. Luggage is also examined for weapons. This is done to ensure the safety of the passengers.

　　1. The main purpose of this passage is to introduce the history of airplanes.

　　2. The device of an automatic pilot can usually fly a plane more smoothly than a human pilot.

　　3. With the help of the radio equipment, pilots are able to communicate with ground controllers.

　　4. We can tell from the passage that early airplanes are not as solid as modern ones.

　　5. According to the passage, the busiest airport in the world is in Grapevine, Texas, midway between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth.

　　6. The runways should be long and solid enough for the heavily loaded jets.

　　7. Precision Approach Radar (PAR) is used by air traffic controllers to keep track of airplanes far away from the airport.

　　8. The planes can be landed fully automatically if the control towers are equipped with .

　　9. After getting off the plane, every passenger arriving from another country must pass through .

　　10. When passengers go through a detector before they board, and anything made of metal is detected, the detector triggers .

　　Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

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　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　11. A) He should start to find a new apartment right now.

　　B) He should buy an apartment right away.

　　C) He should start to find a new apartment in a few weeks.

　　D) He should buy an apartment near the campus.

　　12. A) He's surprised she chose that agency.

　　B) He wonders why she is still keeping the job.

　　C) He doesn't know when her classes started.

　　D) He doubts if she makes much money now.

　　13. A) Writing an essay. B) Studying for a test.

　　C) Shopping for shoes. D) Reading a magazine.

　　14. A) Because she can't watch TV.

　　B) Because her ears were hurt.

　　C) Because she can't hear the words on the telephone.

　　D) Because her eyes were hurt.

　　15. A) William is just starting the violin lessons.

　　B) William can't play the violin.

　　C) William is very modest about his performance.

　　D) William is very proud of his performance.

　　16. A) Children learn by example. B) Children must not tell lies.

　　C) Children don't like discipline. D) Children must control their temper.

　　17. A) At the Computer Center. B) At home.

　　C) At company. D) At the Oak Street.

　　18. A) He has refused another dinner appointment.

　　B) He doesn't eat out very often.

　　C) He knows the way to the restaurant.

　　D) He does not like to eat out either.

　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. A) How to arrange for a trip. B) How to book a satisfactory room.

　　C) When the shop will be closed. D) What the weather is like.

　　20. A) Because there is an excellent bus service.

　　B) Because there is an excellent railway service.

　　C) Because there is an excellent subway system.

　　D) Because taxi system there isn't convenient.

　　21. A) Usually warm but sometimes very cold and wet.

　　B) Always warm.

　　C) Usually cold and wet but sometimes warm.

　　D) Always cold.

　　22. A) At once. B) Fifteen days later.

　　C) By the 15th of this month. D) In the middle of this year.

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　23. A) He will return to his hometown. B) He will play tennis.

　　C) He will join the woman for dinner. D) He will go to a coffee shop with the woman.

　　24. A) Because she doesn't drink coffee. B) Because she has a plane to catch.

　　C) Because she has to go to a lesson. D) Because she doesn't like the man.

　　25. A) He will postpone the trip. B) He will marry the woman.

　　C) He will cook dinner for the woman. D) He will take tennis lessons.

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26. A) To drink as much as possible each day.

　　B) To drink as actually needed.

　　C) To drink eight glasses of water daily.

　　D) To drink no more than eight glasses daily.

　　27. A) To drink according to the exercises you have done.

　　B) To drink according to the need of your body.

　　C) To drink according to the seasons.

　　D) To drink according to the World Health Organization's recommendation.

　　28. A) Because the rule is out of date.

　　B) Because the rule is made for sick people.

　　C) Because the rule is based on the studies under extraordinary conditions.

　　D) Because the rule is based on the need of soldiers and patients.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29. A) They share certain traditional customs. B) They share the traditional costumes.

　　C) They share certain traditional foods. D) They share the traditional music.

　　30. A) They will exchange rings. B) They will exchange presents.

　　C) They will exchange promises. D) They will exchange flowers.

　　31. A) To hold a reception party. B) To have a big dinner.

　　C) To congratulate on the couple. D) To shower the couple with rice.

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　32. A) It resembles the biological virus.

　　B) It works the same way as the human virus.

　　C) It influences the human as the biological viruses do.

　　D) It spreads to people who use the infected computers.

　　33. A) They invade the computer and make it a place for manufacturing.

　　B) They spread throughout the whole system by quickly copying themselves.

　　C) They infect the hard disc and the whole system.

　　D) They spread viruses inside the computer system.

　　34. A) It is a virus that causes great damage.

　　B) It is a virus that once infected the IBM's computer system.

　　C) It is a virus that carries a Christmas greeting.

　　D) It is a virus that causes no harm to the computer systems.

　　35. A) It can cause no damages at all.

　　B) It can cause damages to the computer systems.

　　C) It can copy your files in computers.

　　D) It can format your hard drive.

2008年12月大学英语四级预测卷及答案(2)

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2008年12月大学英语四级预测卷及答案(4)

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