江苏省07年高考英语模拟试题分类集锦（单项选择篇）

单项填空精选1 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. _________ rat found ________ space between two boxes and hurriedly" title="ad.仓促地，忙乱地">hurriedly got in, leaving the eat crying helplessly behind, nothing to do.

A. A; a B. A; the C. The; a D. The; the

22. As we all know, the government is now making every _________ to set up a harmonious society.

A. effort B. effect C. measure D. performance

23. -- Has anything new been discussed on that problem so far?

-- __________ , and more will follow, I think.

A. Little B. Much C. Few D. All

24. The problem, according to the experts, is ________ we should do with the salty land.

A. what B. whether C. how D. that

25. Usually the teachers will be busy ________ the test papers after an examination.

A. grading B. naming C. ranking D. grouping

26. --Oh, darling, you're wearing a new sweater today? It looks great on you.

--Thanks, Tom, I'm glad you ________ . How nice!

A. saw B. minded C. liked D. noticed

27. Through the open window we saw on the floor the happy father lying ________ his stomach, his daughter riding excitedly on his back.

A. on B. with C. above D. from

28. With everything arranged properly, the project is surely to _________ smoothly as planned, step by step.

A. improve B. increase C. progress D. occur

29. _________ that Tom got inside the room to see what was going on.

A. So strangely did he feel B. So strangely he felt

C. So strange did he feel D. So strange he felt

30. --Why didn't you join us last night?

--I _________ the close game of CBA final between Bayi and Guangdong.

A. watched B. would watch C. was watching D. had watched

31. "The house _________ go to the daughter, not the son, according to the will of the father, "declared the judge.

A. may B. should C. must D. shall

32. Walking and running are the oldest and newest, excellent _________ exercise for all ages and fitness levels.

A. bodies shaping B. body shaping C. bodies shaped D. body's shape

33. Buses have routes. They ________ and ________ people at different places on the routes.

A. take on, get off B. pick up, drop off C. take up; take off D. pick out; drop out

34. Mary quickly closed the door of her room _______ her father could reach it to keep him out.

A. before B. when C. as D. while

35. --Andrew won't like it, you know.

-- ____________. I don't care what Andrew thinks!

A. So what B. How come C. What if D. How about

21-25 CABAA 26-30 DACCC 31-35 DBBAA

单项填空精选2（15分）

21.There are _______ different species of cats.

A. a few hundreds B. a few hundreds of C. a few hundred of D. a few hundred

22. I tried to ______ in my speech we were all grateful for his help.

A. speak B. tell C. express D. convey

23. There is no _______ to be gained from endlessly discussing whose fault it was.

A. use B. consequence C. profit D. effect

24. The cancer risks _____ with smoking have been well proved.

A. combined B. associated C. caused D. joined

25. The new law was generally admitted _______ difficult to carry out.

A. being B. was C. to be D. it's

26. We ________ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march

ever made in the past ten years.

A. may not B. needn't C. shouldn't D. mustn't

27. My brother was against my suggestion while my sister was _____ it.

A. in honor of B. in search of C. in favor of D. in the charge of

28. In peace, too，the Red Cross is expected to send help _____ there is

human suffering.

A. whoever B. wherever C．whatever D．however

29. ------ I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard.

------ You shouldn't put drinks near _______ computer.

A. the; / B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the

30. Output is now six ________ it was before liberation.

A. what times B. times what C. times of which D. which times

31.________ with his office work, he had no time to attend to his sick daughter.

A. Keeping occupying B. Kept occupied C. Keeping occupy

D. Keeping to occupy

32. He ______ the math problem, his classmates wanted to help him out.

A. sticking over B. stuck C. stuck with D. sticking

33. With nothing ______ behind, he felt _______.

A. left; relieved B. leaving; relief C. left; relieving D. leaving; relieved

34. It is said that the early European playing-cards for entertainment and education.

A. were being designed B. have designed

C. have been designed D. were designed

35. ----- Could I use your dictionary?

----- Yes._______.

A. you could B. by all means C. you've got it D. I'm using it myself

21.DDCBC 26。ACBCB 31。BCCDB

单项填空精选3 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

21. You can't imagine when they heard the news the Chinese team won.

A. how they were excited; that B. how excited they were; that

C. how excited were they; which D. they were how excited; which

22. With a lot of difficult problems , the man felt like a cat on a hot brick.

A. settling B. settled C. to settle D. being settled

23. _______ the teacher couldn't understand was fewer and fewer students showed interest in his class.

A. What; that B. All that; because C. Why; that D. What; why

24.The girl Susan, who often help other people, Lei Feng in the university.

A. whose name is; comparing with B. calling; is compared to

C. who called; compares to D. with the name; is compared to

25.I smoke out of habit, not for pleasure; for I have been in the habit for 20 years.

A. a; the B. the; a C. 不填；the D.不填；不填

26. My father my brother for driving but he wanted to pick the knowledge of the computer during his spare time.

A. advised; up B. persuaded; out C. intended; up D. managed; out

27. -Why will the sports meet be ?

-Because the weather report says it will be raining.

A. called for B. called out C. called off D. called on

28. he is and he is, he will be punished if break the law.

A. No matter who; whatever; anyone B. Anyone who; whatever; whoever

C. Whoever; whatever; whoever D. Whatever; whoever; no matter who

29. -Well, I'd better let you go on with your work.

- .

A. I've wasted a lot of your time B. Thank you for a lovely afternoon.

C. You must be tired D. I'm sorry to trouble you

30. Jack got to the station only the train had gone.

A. and told B. telling C. to tell D. to be told

31. On that rainy night, he walked ______ as the small town which was 20 miles to call a doctor in.

A. as far; far B. as far; away C. so far; far away D. as far; for away

32. my hometown take on a new look, a sense of suddenly appeared in my mind.

A. Having seen; joy B. Seeing; happiness

C. While I saw; delight D. When I saw; pride

33. Thirty thousand yuan as well as hundreds of tons of food to the flooded area.

A. have offered B. has offered C. have been offered D. has been offered

34. With China's entry into the WTO, we are facing good opportunity, that will lead to our prosperity.

A. a; one B. a; the one C. the; one D. the; the one

35. Christine stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as if out of the office.

A. went B. to go C. gone D. would go

单项：21-25 BCDDD 26-30 CCCBD 31-35 BDDAB

单项填空精选4 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he or she wants.

A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

21. Companies in Zhongguancun all have their own characteristics, but they all share spirit of creativity and scientific skill that have made Zhongguancun _______ success.

A. the; a B. 不填 ; a C. the; 不填 D. a; a

22. --- You didn't lock the back door.

--- You are wrong. I _______.

A. have locked it B. lock it myself C. did lock it D. do lock it

23. --- Do you know that the meeting _______ this afternoon has been put _______ till next week?

--- No. Thanks for telling me.

A. to be held; off B. to be held; forward C. held; off D. held; forward

24. I've always _______ Deng Xiaoping for his courage and determination to push China forward.

A. looked down on B. looked up to

C. looked around for D. looked forward to



25. This is the third book that he has written in the past five years, the first of _______ I really enjoyed.

A. which B. that C. those D. them

26 "I _______ her a long time ago," he doubted, "She doesn't look at all familiar."

A. might have met B. should have met C. might meet D.' should meet

27. --- Learning a language isn't easy. It takes time.

--- I agree. _______. There's no short cut.

A. All roads lead to Rome B. Rome wasn't built in a day

C. Practice makes perfect D. Slow but sure wins the race

28. Please don't call me at the office _______ it's really necessary.

A. if B. unless C. unless if D. except

29. Susan invented a hundred little things to _______ him happy, to _______ a smile to his

face.

A. make; bring B. bring; make C. make; offer D. offer; make

30. I bet Jack _______ when we get home.

A. is still sleeping B. is to be sleeping

C. will still be sleeping D. will have been sleeping

31. "I wish you'd look at me when I'm trying to speak to you!" the teacher said _______.

A. excitedly B. pleasantly C. hopefully D. angrily

32. If they _______ what I was saying, they'd know what I was talking about.

A. took the trouble to listen to B. had trouble listening to

C. take the trouble to listen to D. have trouble listening to

33. There are no easy answers to questions brought to us by the rapidly changing world, _______ we can try to turn challenges into opportunities.

A. so B. but C. for D. then

34. Once _______ a difficult and even dangerous place , Vietnam is now a friendly

destination that welcomes visitors from all over the world.

A. considered; visiting B. considered; to visit

C. considering; visiting D. considering; to visit

35. If I _______ long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, _______ those AIDS

patients.

A. had lived; helping B. should live; help

C. were to live; helping D. should have lived; help

21-25 ACABA 26-30AB BAC 31-35 DAB BC

单项填空精选5 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane ________.

A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off

22. Of the two brothers, Bill is _______ younger one, and he is a quiet boy, ________ that most adults like very much.

A. a, one B. a, the one C. the, one D. the, the one

23. It's quite ________ some Western politicians why China has given so much aid to African countries.

A. above B. over C. against D. beyond

24. A bright idea suddenly struck me _______ I could use the money I saved to help a poor student in the countryside.

A. whether B. which C. that D. what

25. --- How long will it be ________ President Hu Jintao makes another visit to Russia?

--- It all depends.

A. before B. when C. that D. until

26. If it were not for the fact that you _______ sing, I would invite you to the party.

A. couldn't B. shouldn't C. can't D. might not

27. --- Excuse me, Sir. Is the swimming pool open all day?

--- _________. Only from 6:00 pm to 10:00 pm.

A. That's right. B. Yes, of course.

C. Sorry , I'm not sure. D. Sorry, I'm afraid not.

28. In order to work bettering the future, each of us must first of all know our _______ and weaknesses.

A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values

29. The little girl ________ to be a good singer if she gets good training in a music school.

A. wishes B. expects C. promises D. hopes

30. The minister met the workers and engineers _________ on the project in Zambia, most ______ were from Jiangsu, China.

A. worked, of whom B. worked, of them C. working, of them D. working, of whom

31. Another new factory has been built near _________ used to be a village.

A. what B. that C. which D. where

32. When it _________ high technology, he is completely at a loss.

A. refers to B. comes to C. happens to D. speaks to

33. --- Isn't it time you _________ down to _________ your own things?

--- I'm sorry for the delay, Dad.

A. get, pack B. got, packing C. got, pack D. get, packing

34. --- Mary looks so excited and happy.

--- ________ if you win the first prize.

A. So will you. B. So do you. C. So would you. D. So did you.

35. AIDS is said _________ the biggest health problem in Africa over the past years.

A. to be B. that it is C. to have been D. that it has been

单选：BCDCA， CDACD， ABBAC

单项填空精选6 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

21．Put the books back ________ they belong after you have finished them.

A. where B. to where C. to which　 D. to the place

22．At first he refused to admit he had stolen but when he was shown the videotape（录像带）he ________ and admitted everything.

A. broke up　 B. broke away C. broke down D. broke in

23．________ everyone else wouldn't go to the mountain area, he went without a second thought.

A. As long as B. While C. Where D. In spite of

24．________ , the idea of having to work under a woman defeated him.

A. Wanting the job very much B. Although wanting the job badly

C. Though he wanted the job very much D. He wanted the job badly

25．-Did you remember to give Jenny the money?

-Yes. ________ I saw her, I'm sure.

A. So long as B. So far as C. The moment　 D. Any time

26．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year.

A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away

27．Kathy______ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.

A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up

28．--- When shall we leave? --- As soon as I ______ what I _______.

A. will finish; do B. have finished, am doing C. finish, will do D. finish, do

29．I failed in the final examination last term and only then ________ the importance of studies.

A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize

30．-Will you attend the meeting this afternoon? -But I ________ told anything about it.

A. wasn't B. am not C. haven't been　 D. won't be

31．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday．I _______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me．

A．should have taken B．could have taken C．needn't have taken D，mustn't have taken

32．Who would you rather ________ the watch?

A. have to repair　 B. have fixed C. get repaired　 D. get to repair

33．Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ____ it was 20 years ago, ____ it was so poorly equipped.

A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that

34．-How long do you think it is ________ he arrived here? -No more than half a year, I believe.

A. when B. that　 C. before D. since

35．-I had a good holiday at my uncle's. -________ .

A. Oh, that's very nice of you B. Congratulations C. Oh, I'm glad to hear that D. It's a pleasure

21-25ACBCC 26-30DABDC 31-35CDADC

单项填空精选7（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该题涂黑。

21. Having received ___________training of the FDS company, Jackson Sharoff was offered __________important position in management.

A. the; an B. /; an C. the; / D. a; a

22. Many CD companies had intended to get much from the business, but it ________ so bad.

A. made out B. turned out C. went out D. carried out

23. Although the necklace is not made of real crystal, it still ________ young people.

A. appeals to B. attracts to C. accounts for D. apply for

24. On AIDS Day, the minister of Health Department demanded that the problems ___________ paid special attention to.

A. referred to being B. referred to be C. refer to being D. refer to be

25. ________ , in large hotels, there are also apartments, which include two or more rooms connected together, perhaps a bedroom and a living-room.

A. Therefore B. As a result C. Ever since D. In addition

26. Bush, 59, looked fresh and _______ as he _______ of the sunny weather to enjoy one of his favorite pastimes.

A. energetic; took advantage B. cautious; took charge

C. outgoing; took control D. curious; took notice

27. Nokia, the world's largest mobile phone maker, said that over the first nine months of the year it _____ 23 million handsets in China, an increase of 77 percent _____ the same period a year ago.

A. had sold; compared to B. has sold; compared to

C. sold; comparing with D. was selling; compared with

28. --I really thought I'd be offered the job.

--Oh, well, _________, Clark.

A. you are right B. best wishes C. congratulations D. better luck next time

29. _________ we admit that there are still some problems about the system of modern education, we don't mean that it is of no use.

A. Until B. While C. As D. Unless

30. The World Health Organization warns that Asian countries _________ attentive to bird flu since Asia ________ rid of the disease completely.

A. should keep; has got B. must remain; has not got

C. ought to stay; got D. shall be; had not got

31. -- ________ I remind you of is to return the book to our English teacher.

--I will give it to him I see him.

A. What; the moment B. That; immediately C. What; while D. Whether; once

32. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any ________ of it.

A. explanation B. meaning C. sense D. guess

33. The hospital in Harbin is already _________ of shocking mistreatment, as a 74-year-old man died of heart failure, after 67 days of treatment which cost the family 5.5 million yuan.

A. acquired B. charged C. accused D. punished

34. --How's Karen today?

--She is feeling slightly ________ she was yesterday.

A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. better than

35. Work means much to me. It is _________ of my life _________ air, water and sunlight.

A. a part as much; as B. as much a part; as

C. as a part much; as D. so much a part; as

单项填空

21-25 ABABD 26-30 AADBB 31-35 ACCDB

单项填空精选8 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. ---Ten dollars, please! --- How terrible! I _______ to bring my wallet with me.

A. was forgetting B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting

22. In ______ eyes of the duke, Shylock's life should be at ______ mercy of the people living near _______ River Thames.

A. / ; the ; / B. the ; the ; the C. / ; a ; the D. the ; / ; /

23. It was in the factory _______ he talked about _______ the boy was killed

A. where ; that B. that ; where C. where ; where D. which ; that

24. Our class are in a low spirit, but I'm sure things will start to ______ in a week.

A. rise up B. hold on C. hang out D. pick up

25. ---Could you give me some coins, dad? I want to buy an ice cream

---Sorry, I've got ______ on me.

A. none B. nothing C. quite a few D. no one

26. ______ the thread from America, Iran determined to retreat Uranium.

A. Despite B. In spite that C. Despite of D. Though

27. Wang Zhizhi must have arrived in Beijing yesterday, _______?

A. haven't he B. mustn't he C. didn't he D. hasn't he

28. _____ he got off the bus, did he find his pocket _____.

A. Not until; stolen B. Unless ; gone C. Not until; picked D. Unless ; lost

29. On the bank of the river, we found him _____ on a beach, with his eyes _____ on a kite in the sky.

A. seated; fixing B. sitting; fixing ,

C. seated; fixed D. sitting ; being fixed

30. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to _______ the picnic.

A. Would; put forward B. Should; call off

C. Will; give up D. Should; put up

31. --What do you think of French?

--In my opinion, French is _______ English

A. a subject so difficult as B. as difficult a subject as

C. as a subject difficult as D. difficult as subject as

32. On the way _____ a book, he found some of his classmates _____ in the street.

A. to buy ; knocking down B. to buy; knocking about

C. to buying ; knocking about D. to buying; knocking into

33. The most of his time he _____ was what he spared from his playing time.

A. made to learning B. took to learn C. took to learning D. made to learn

34. --The MP3 cost me almost 2000 Yuan.

--Well, it was crazy of you to spend so much money ____ you could buy a cheaper one.

A. when B. unless C. if D. because

35. --Do you have a plan for May Day holiday?

--I'm going to Thailand with my parents!

A. You don't say! B. You can say that again.

C. Good luck to you. D. I dare say.

II. 21-25: BBDDA 26-30: ACCCB 31-35: BCDAA

单项填空精选9共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

从A，B，C，D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. Accounting is described as ______ science of classifying, recording, and reporting ______ important financial events.

A. a, the B. a, / C. /, / D. /,

22. The young man, when questioned why he the law, just looked at the policeman and said nothing.

A. had broken B. broke C. breaks D. was breaking

23. They lost their way in the forest, and . Which of the following is wrong?

A. what made matters worse was that night began to fall

B. what was worse, it was getting dark

C. to make matters worse that night was falling

D. worse still, night had fallen

24. The doctor had almost lost hope at one point, but the patient finally .

A. pulled out B. pulled through C. pulled up D. pulled over

25. Nobody but doctors or nurses and those by Dr Hu to enter the patient's room.

A. invited; is allowed B. are invited; are allowed

C. being invited; allowed D. invited; are allowed

26. the people have become masters of their country science can really serve the people.

A. It is only then; that B. It was that; when

C. It is only when; that D. It was when; then

27. He suggested a meeting and it may be suggested he in our plan.

A. to hold; was interested B. 不填; was interested

C. holding; should be interested D. should hold; interested

28. - I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.

-. It was her fault.

A. Not possible B. Not at all C. No chance D. No way

29. Who did you see in the middle of the front row making that much noise?

A. seated B. sit C. seat D. seating

30. ---- This book by Tony Garrison is of great use for our course.

---- But I think his latest one is ______ worth reading.

A. better B. more C. most D. very

31. ______ great achievements China may have in the future, it is likely that many of them will be born in Western China.

A. If B. Whatever C. As D. However

32. The Internet is an important channel of learning more information, but many people use it for ______ purpose than to send and receive emails.

A. another B. other C. the other D. no other

33. Try hard to make what the teacher teach , and you ' 11 make rapid progress in your studies.

A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. yours

34. He came back late , time all the guests had already left .

A．after which B．by which C．during which D．at which

35．Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field , he succeeded

other more well-informed experimenters failed .

A．which B．that C．what D．where

21-25BACBA 26-30CBDAA 31-35BDDBD

单项填空精选10（每小题1分，共20分）

21.--How long are you staying?

--I don't know. ___________.

A. That's OK B. Never mind C. It depends D. It doesn't matter

22.--What a pity! I haven't got a ticket for the football match tonight.

--Don't worry. It'll be broadcast__________.

A. live B. lively C. alive D. living

23. The girl _________ more than 1, 000 English novels when she entered the senior high school.

A. has read B. read C. had read D. has been reading

24. --- What do you think of Tim?

--- He appears a kind person. I don't like him, ________.

A. even so B. even though C. though D. yet

25. Mike has been making great efforts in practice in order to _______ his dream to win championship in the coming Olympics.

A. come about B. come true C. make D. live

26. Jenny seldom goes to the cinema on Sundays, __________?

A. doesn't she B. is she C. does she D. has she

27. --- Hi! Jack, you look very tired.

--- Yes. I _______ my maths homework all day.

A. did B. had done C. have done D. have been doing

28. Lucy didn't do well in this exam, ________ made her mother unhappy.

A. that B. what C. which D. whom

29. His drunk driving _________ this accident, ________ the death of twenty people.

A. resulted in; causing B. resulted from; caused

C. resulted from; causing D. resulted in; caused

30. ---Kate is eating less these days.

--- Well, that's _______ makes me feel worried.

A. because B. what C. why D. how

31. That day everyone wondered _______ the baby of four went to her mother's office.

A. how was it that B. how it was that C. how was it D. how was that

32. I don't like the way ______ you treat me.

A. how B. of which C. / D. which

33. He __________to get to the top of the hill after________ several times.

A .managed; to try B. tried; to try

C. managed; trying D. tried; trying

34. Witnesses _____________three people escape from the scene where the man was murdered.

A. reported to see B. reported seeing

C. were reported to see D. are reported to be seeing

35.--Do remember to give Mary the money you borrowed.

--Yes, I will give it to her ____________I see her.

A. while B. immediately C. suddenly D. a moment

36. The possibility that he knew about the stolen files cannot be _________.

A. ruled out B. made out C. given out D. put out

37. He devoted every spare moment to __________English,________ his wife was devoted to music.

A. study; when B. study; though C. studying; if D. studying; while

38.--He __________caught in the rain yesterday and is now in hospital.

--I'm sorry to hear that.

A .had B. is C. got D. had been

39. At this time next week we ___________ a football match against Class 9.

A. are going to play B. will be playing C. will play D. are to play

40. The Canadian touristhurried to the station, only ______ that the train had pulled out of the station.

A. telling B. to tell C. to be told D. having been told

21-25：CACCD 26-30：CDCAB 31-35：BCCBB 36-40：ADCBC

单项填空精选11（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. ----- Sorry to have hurt you the other day.

----- _______, but don't do it again.

A. Forget it B. Don't mention it

C. Don't worry D. That's right

22. I've ______ everything that happened, as I remember, in this report.

A. set down B. set off C. set out D. set up

23. The new evidence _______ my opinion that they were lying.

A. confirmed B. claimed C. spoke D. expressed

24. The latest edition of Harry Porter has been a best-seller for 3 weeks_______.

A. in a row B. in the end C. in turn D. in advance

25. ----- I want to be a really good speaker.

----- Then ______ is a decisive factor.

A. you can capture the audience's mind how well

B. how well can you capture the audience's mind

C. how you can well capture the audience's mind

D. how well you can capture the audience's mind

26. ______ is quite entertaining to read these stories about strange and unusual facts.

A. This B. That C. It D. What

27. He gave me a job interview ______ my timely help.

A. instead of B. in exchange for

C. in return D. in need of

28. It was reported that the ship sank three miles _____ the French coast.

A. on B. by C. across D. off

29. When I give up work, I will ______ a long sea voyage. Which of the following is WRONG?

A. make B. take C. keep on D. go on

30. ----- How did they survive?