not us but
dealing with us and through us, he has an aim and that
means he has a past and future; he is within time and not outside
it. And they point out that this is really what
everyone who prays
sincerely to God or gets help from God, feels and believes. Our
practice with God is better than our theory. None of us really pray
to that
fantastic, unqualified danse a trois, the Trinity, which the
wranglings and disputes of the worthies of Alexandria and Syria
declared to be God. We pray to one single understanding person.
But so far the
tactics of those Trinitarians at Nicaea, who stuck
their fingers in their ears, have prevailed in this world; this was
no matter for
discussion, they declared, it was a Holy Mystery full
of
magicalterror, and few religious people have thought it worth
while to
revive these
terrors by a
definitecontradiction. The
truly religious have been content to lapse quietly into the
comparative sanity of an unformulated Arianism, they have left it to
the scoffing Atheist to mock at the
patentabsurdities of the
official creed. But one
magnificent protest against this
theological
fantasy must have been the work of a
sincerely religious
man, the cold
superbhumour of that
burlesque creed, ascribed, at
first no doubt facetiously and then quite
seriously, to Saint
Athanasius the Great, which, by an irony far beyond its original
intention, has become at last the accepted creed of the church.
The long truce in the
criticism of Trinitarian
theology is drawing
to its end. It is when men most urgently need God that they become
least patient with foolish presentations and dogmas. The new
believers are very
definitely set upon a
thoroughanalysis of the
nature and growth of the Christian creeds and ideas. There has
grown up a practice of assuming that, when God is
spoken of, the
Hebrew-Christian God of Nicaea is meant. But that God trails with
him a thousand misconceptions and bad associations; his alleged
infinite nature, his
jealousy, his strange preferences, his
vindictive Old Testament past. These things do not even make a
caricature of the True God; they
compose an
altogetherdifferent and
antagonistic figure.
It is a very
childish and un
philosophical set of impulses that has
led the theologians of nearly every faith to claim
infinitequalities for their deity. One has to remember the poorness of the
mental and moral quality of the churchmen of the third, fourth, and
fifth centuries who saddled Christendom with its characteristic
dogmas, and the
extremepoverty and
confusion of the
circle of ideas
within which they thought. Many of these makers of Christianity,
like Saint Ambrose of Milan (who had even to be baptised after his
election to his bishopric), had been pitchforked into the church
from civil life; they lived in a time of
pitiless factions and
personal feuds; they had to conduct their disputations
amidst the
struggles of would-be emperors; court eunuchs and favourites swayed
their counsels, and popular rioting clinched their decisions. There
was less freedom of
discussion then in the Christian world than
there is at present (1916) in Belgium, and the whole
audience of
educated opinion by which a theory could be judged did not equal,
either in numbers or
accuracy of information, the present population
of Constantinople. To these conditions we owe the claim that the
Christian God is a magic god, very great medicine in battle, "in hoc
signo vinces," and the
argument so natural to the minds of those
days and so
absurd to ours, that since he had ALL power, all
knowledge, and existed for ever and ever, it was no use
whatever to
set up any other god against him. . . .
- differ [´difə] vi.不同;有差别 (初中英语单词)
- agreement [ə´gri:mənt] n.同意;一致;协议 (初中英语单词)
- reality [ri´æliti] n.现实(性);真实;逼真 (初中英语单词)
- wholly [´həul-li] ad.完全,十足;统统 (初中英语单词)
- achievement [ə´tʃi:vmənt] n.完成;成就,成绩 (初中英语单词)
- prospect [´prɔspekt, prəs´pekt] n.景色;境界 v.勘察 (初中英语单词)
- appetite [´æpitait] n.欲望;食欲 (初中英语单词)
- permanent [´pə:mənənt] a.永久的;不变的 (初中英语单词)
- invisible [in´vizəbəl] a.看不见的;无形的 (初中英语单词)
- exception [ik´sepʃən] n.例外;反对,异议 (初中英语单词)
- existence [ig´zistəns] n.存在;生存;生活 (初中英语单词)
- belief [bi´li:f] n.相信;信仰,信条 (初中英语单词)
- visible [´vizəbəl] a.可见的;明显的 (初中英语单词)
- phrase [freiz] n.短语;词组;措词 (初中英语单词)
- imagination [i,mædʒi´neiʃən] n.想象(力) (初中英语单词)
- system [´sistəm] n.系统,体系,制度 (初中英语单词)
- sympathetic [,simpə´θetik] a.同情的,有同情心的 (初中英语单词)
- opening [´əupəniŋ] n.开放;开端 a.开始的 (初中英语单词)
- neglect [ni´glekt] vt.&n.疏忽;忽视;忽略 (初中英语单词)
- horror [´hɔrə] n.恐怖;战栗 (初中英语单词)
- essential [i´senʃəl] a.必需的 n.要素,要点 (初中英语单词)
- christ [kraist] n.基督 int.天啊! (初中英语单词)
- doctrine [´dɔktrin] n.教义;主义;学说 (初中英语单词)
- fabric [´fæbrik] n.织物;结构;组织 (初中英语单词)
- frankly [´fræŋkli] ad.直率地;慷慨地 (初中英语单词)
- enormous [i´nɔ:məs] a.巨大地,很,极 (初中英语单词)
- whatever [wɔt´evə] pron.&a.无论什么 (初中英语单词)
- childhood [´tʃaildhud] n.幼年(时代);早期 (初中英语单词)
- therefore [´ðeəfɔ:] ad.&conj.因此;所以 (初中英语单词)
- reckon [´rekən] v.计算;认为;估计 (初中英语单词)
- remarkable [ri´mɑ:kəbl] a.值得注意的;显著的 (初中英语单词)
- parallel [´pærəlel] a.平行的 n.平行线 (初中英语单词)
- fundamental [,fʌndə´mentl] a.基本的 n.原理 (初中英语单词)
- knowingly [´nəuiŋli] ad.狡黠地,机警地 (初中英语单词)
- dissolve [di´zɔlv] v.(使)溶解;解除 (初中英语单词)
- personality [,pə:sə´næliti] n.人;个性;人品;人物 (初中英语单词)
- assert [ə´sə:t] vt.认定;维护;坚持 (初中英语单词)
- generous [´dʒenərəs] a.慷慨的;丰盛的 (初中英语单词)
- jealous [´dʒeləs] a.妒忌的 (初中英语单词)
- everyone [´evriwʌn] pron.=everybody 每人 (初中英语单词)
- discussion [di´skʌʃən] n.讨论;辩论 (初中英语单词)
- mystery [´mistəri] n.神秘;秘密;故弄玄虚 (初中英语单词)
- terror [´terə] n.恐怖;惊骇 (初中英语单词)
- definite [´definit] a.确定的,明确的 (初中英语单词)
- patent [´peitənt, ´pæ-] a.专利的 n.专利品 (初中英语单词)
- magnificent [mæg´nifisənt] a.壮丽的;豪华的 (初中英语单词)
- humour [´hju:mə] n.幽默,诙谐 (初中英语单词)
- seriously [´siəriəsli] ad.严肃;严重,重大 (初中英语单词)
- criticism [´kritisizəm] n.批评;评论(文) (初中英语单词)
- definitely [´definitli] ad.明确地;绝对 (初中英语单词)
- analysis [ə´næləsis] n.分解;分析(结果) (初中英语单词)
- spoken [´spəukən] speak的过去分词 (初中英语单词)
- compose [kəm´pəuz] v.组成;创作;作曲 (初中英语单词)
- altogether [,ɔ:ltə´geðə] ad.完全;总而言之 (初中英语单词)
- childish [´tʃaildiʃ] a.孩子的;幼稚的 (初中英语单词)
- extreme [ik´stri:m] a.尽头的 n.极端 (初中英语单词)
- poverty [´pɔvəti] n.贫穷(乏,瘠);不足 (初中英语单词)
- confusion [kən´fju:ʒən] n.混乱(状态);骚乱 (初中英语单词)
- circle [´sə:kəl] n.圆圈 v.环绕;盘旋 (初中英语单词)
- audience [´ɔ:diəns] n.听众;观众;接见 (初中英语单词)
- argument [´ɑ:gjumənt] n.辩论;争论;论证 (初中英语单词)
- absurd [əb´sə:d] a.荒谬的,可笑的 (初中英语单词)
- separation [,sepə´reiʃən] n.分离;分开;分居 (高中英语单词)
- equality [i´kwɔliti] n.同等,平等 (高中英语单词)
- salvation [sæl´veiʃən] n.救助;拯救 (高中英语单词)
- infinite [´infinit] a.无限的,无穷的 (高中英语单词)
- relationship [ri´leiʃənʃip] n.关系;联系;亲属关系 (高中英语单词)
- christianity [,kristi´æniti] n.基督教;基督精神 (高中英语单词)
- hitherto [,hiðə´tu:] ad.至今,迄今 (高中英语单词)
- founder [´faundə] n.奠基者 v.陷落 (高中英语单词)
- charity [´tʃæriti] n.施舍;慈悲;博爱 (高中英语单词)
- carelessly [´kɛəlisli] ad.粗心地;疏忽地 (高中英语单词)
- loving [´lʌviŋ] a.爱的,有爱情的 (高中英语单词)
- distinguished [di´stiŋgwiʃt] a.卓越的,著名的 (高中英语单词)
- profess [prə´fes] v.声称;讲授 (高中英语单词)
- straightway [´streitwei] ad.立刻 (高中英语单词)
- helper [´helpə] n.帮助者,助手 (高中英语单词)
- limited [´limitid] a.有限(制)的 (高中英语单词)
- dealing [´di:liŋ] n.交易;来往 (高中英语单词)
- fantastic [fæn´tæstik] a.奇异的;荒谬的 (高中英语单词)
- revive [ri´vaiv] v.(使)苏醒;(使)振奋 (高中英语单词)
- sincerely [sin´siəli] ad.真诚地;诚恳地 (高中英语单词)
- thorough [´θʌrə] a.彻底的;详尽的 (高中英语单词)
- jealousy [´dʒeləsi] n.妒忌;猜忌 (高中英语单词)
- belgium [´beldʒəm] n.比利时 (高中英语单词)
- accuracy [´ækjurəsi] n.准确(性);精密度 (高中英语单词)
- constantinople [,kɔnstænti´nəupl] n.君士坦丁堡 (高中英语单词)
- theology [θi´ɔlədʒi] n.神学 (英语四级单词)
- assertion [ə´sə:ʃən] n.断言;主张;论述 (英语四级单词)
- profoundly [prə´faundli] ad.深深地 (英语四级单词)
- almighty [ɔ:l´maiti] a.万能的;全能的 (英语四级单词)
- immortality [,imɔ:´tæliti] n.不死,不朽,永生,来生 (英语四级单词)
- flaming [´fleimiŋ] a.熊熊燃烧的;热情的 (英语四级单词)
- accidental [,æksi´dentl] a.偶然的;附属的 (英语四级单词)
- coincidence [kəu´insidəns] n.巧合;符合;一致 (英语四级单词)
- definition [,defi´niʃən] n.限定;定义;明确 (英语四级单词)
- uproar [´ʌprɔ:] n.喧嚣;骚动;轰鸣,轰动 (英语四级单词)
- subscribe [səb´skraib] vi.捐助;预订;签名 (英语四级单词)
- persecution [,pə:si´kju:ʃən] n.迫害;残害;困扰 (英语四级单词)
- amidst [ə´midst] prep.=amid (英语四级单词)
- detachment [di´tætʃmənt] n.分开(离);分遣队 (英语四级单词)
- believer [bi´li:və] n.信徒 (英语四级单词)
- hereditary [hi´reditəri] a.遗传的;世袭的 (英语四级单词)
- fellowship [´feləuʃip] n.团体;伙伴关系;友谊 (英语四级单词)
- alexandria [,ælig´zɑ:ndriə] n.亚历山大 (英语四级单词)
- tactics [´tæktiks] n.策略;战术 (英语四级单词)
- contradiction [,kɔntrə´dikʃən] n.矛盾;反驳;抵触 (英语四级单词)
- superb [su:´pə:b, sju:-] a.宏伟的;极好的 (英语四级单词)
- testament [´testəment] n.契约,誓约;遗嘱 (英语四级单词)
- denial [di´naiəl] n.否认;拒绝 (英语六级单词)
- expressive [ik´spresiv] a.有表现力的 (英语六级单词)
- malignant [mə´lignənt] a.恶意的;有害的 (英语六级单词)
- flatly [´flætli] ad.平淡地;断然地 (英语六级单词)
- trinity [´triniti] n.三个一组 (英语六级单词)
- heresy [´herisi] n.异教,异端,邪说 (英语六级单词)
- christendom [´krisəndəm] n.基督教徒 (英语六级单词)
- philosophical [,filə´sɔfikəl] a.哲学(上)的;冷静的 (英语六级单词)
- independently [,indi´pendəntli] ad.独立地;自由地 (英语六级单词)
- diversity [dai´və:siti] n.差异;多样性 (英语六级单词)
- manifestly [´mænifestli] ad.明显的 (英语六级单词)
- nameless [´neimlis] a.无名字的;无名声的 (英语六级单词)
- insistent [in´sistənt] a.坚持的;逼人注意的 (英语六级单词)
- magical [´mædʒikəl] a.有魔术的,神奇的 (英语六级单词)
- fantasy [´fæntəsi] n.幻想(曲),想象 (英语六级单词)
- burlesque [bə:´lesk] n.&a.滑稽戏(的) (英语六级单词)
- pitiless [´pitiləs] a.无怜悯心的;无情的 (英语六级单词)