China, like other nations, may be mistress in her own country?"

2. "What are the Western sources of economic prosperity, and as
China is now so poor, what should she do?"

3. "According to international law has any one a right to
interfere with the internal affairs of any foreign country?"

4. "State the advantages of constructing railways in Shantung."
5. "Of what importance is the study of chemistry to the

agriculturist?"
While Yuan Shih-kai was Governor of Shantung he induced Dr. W. M.

Hayes to resign the presidency of the Presbyterian College at
Teng Choufu and accept the presidency of the new government

college at Chinanfu the capital of the province. Dr. Hayes drew
up a working plan of grammar and high schools for Shantung which

were to be feeders to this provincial college. This was approved
by the Governor, and embodied in a memorial to the throne, copies

of which the Empress Dowager sent to the governors and viceroys
of all the provinces declaring it to be a law, and ordering the

"viceroys, governors and literary chancellors to see that it was
obeyed."

Dr. Hayes and Yuan Shih-kai soon split upon a regulation which
the Governor thought it best to introduce, viz., "That the

Chinese professors shall, on the first and fifteenth of each
month, conduct their classes in reverential sacrifice to the Most

Holy Confucius, and to all the former worthies and scholars of
the provinces." Dr. Hayes and his Christian teachers withdrew,

and it was not long until those who professed Christianity were
excused from this rite, while the Christian physicians who taught

in the Peking Imperial University were allowed to dispense with
the queue and wear foreign clothes, as being both more convenient

and more sanitary.
When Governor Yuan was made viceroy of Chihli, he requested Dr.

C. D. Tenny to draw up and put into operation a similar schedule
for the metropolitanprovince. This was done on a very much

enlarged scale, and at present (1909) "the Chihli province alone
has nine thousand schools, all of which are aiming at Western

education; while in the empire as a whole there are not less than
forty thousand schools, colleges and universities," representing

one phase of the educational changes that have been brought about
in China during the last dozen years.

The changes in the new education among women promise to be even
more sweeping than those among men. Dr. Martin, expressing the

sentiments then in vogue, said, as far back as 1877, "that not
one in ten thousand women could read." In 1893 I began studying

the subject, and was led at once to doubt the statement. The
Chinese in an offhand way will agree with Dr. Martin. But I found

that it was a Chinese woman who wrote the first book that was
ever written in any language for the instruction of girls, and

that the Chinese for many years have had "Four Books for Girls"
corresponding to the "Four Books" of the old regime, and that

they were printed in large editions, and have been read by the
better class of people in almost every family. In every company

of women that came to call on my wife from 1894 to 1900, there
was at least one if not more who had read these books, while the

Empress Dowager herself was a brilliant example of what a woman
of the old regime could do. Where the desire for education was so

great among women, that as soon as it became possible to do so,
she launched the first woman's daily newspaper that was published

anywhere in the world, with a woman as an editor, we may be sure
that there was more than one in ten thousand during the old

regime that could read. What therefore may we expect in this new
regime where women are ready to sacrifice their lives rather than

that the school which they are undertaking to establish shall be
a failure?

End

• mistress [´mistris] n.女主人；情妇；女能手 (初中英语单词)
• western [´westən] a.西的；西方的 (初中英语单词)
• prosperity [prɔ´speriti] n.繁荣；成功；幸运 (初中英语单词)
• international [,intə´næʃənəl] a.国际的，世界的 (初中英语单词)
• chemistry [´kemistri] n.化学 (初中英语单词)
• governor [´gʌvənə] n.总督；州长 (初中英语单词)
• resign [ri´zain] v.辞职；放弃；委托 (初中英语单词)
• province [´prɔvins] n.省；领域；范围 (初中英语单词)
• working [´wə:kiŋ] a.工人的；劳动的 (初中英语单词)
• literary [´litərəri] a.文学(上)的 (初中英语单词)
• imperial [im´piəriəl] a.帝国的；庄严的 (初中英语单词)
• instruction [in´strʌkʃən] n.教育；训练；指导 (初中英语单词)
• brilliant [´briliənt] a.灿烂的；杰出的 (初中英语单词)
• therefore [´ðeəfɔ:] ad.&conj.因此；所以 (初中英语单词)
• internal [in´tə:nl] a.内部的；国内的 (高中英语单词)
• presidency [´prezidənsi] n.总统的职位(任期) (高中英语单词)
• memorial [mi´mɔ:riəl] a.纪念的 n.纪念物 (高中英语单词)
• throne [θrəun] n.宝座；王位 (高中英语单词)
• regulation [,regju´leiʃən] n.规则；章程；法规 (高中英语单词)
• christianity [,kristi´æniti] n.基督教；基督精神 (高中英语单词)
• educational [,edju´keiʃənəl] a.教育(上)的 (高中英语单词)
• sweeping [´swi:piŋ] a.掠过的 n.扫除；清除 (高中英语单词)
• regime [rei´ʒi:m] n.政体；社会制度 (高中英语单词)
• undertaking [,ʌndə´teikiŋ] n.任务；事业；计划 (高中英语单词)
• presbyterian [,prezbi´tiəriən] a.长老会(制)的 (英语四级单词)
• provincial [prə´vinʃəl] a.省的 n.外省人 (英语四级单词)
• empress [´empris] n.女皇；皇后 (英语四级单词)
• dispense [di´spens] v.分配；施与；执行 (英语四级单词)
• metropolitan [,metrə´pɔlitən] a.大城市的 n.大城市人 (英语四级单词)
• viceroy [´vaisrɔi] n.副王；总督 (英语六级单词)