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每天喝一两杯酒的中年女性老了以后身体更健康

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Women who have an alcoholic" target="_blank" title="a.酒精的">alcoholic drink or two a day in midlife turn out to be healthier overall in their old age, a new study found.


最新研究发现，每天喝一两杯酒的中年女性老了以后身体更健康。



Previous research has pointed to health benefits for men and women with regular alcohol use, including lower risk of heart problems. But because of concerns about excess drinking, the American Heart Association and other groups recommend women don't exceed one drink per day. The guideline for men is two drinks. The group also doesn't recommend that non-drinkers start drinking.


此前的研究已经显示，有规律的饮酒对男性和女性的健康都有一些好处，如患心脏疾病的几率更低。然而，由于担心酗酒问题，美国心脏协会(American Heart Association)等组织建议女性每天饮酒量不要超过一杯，男性每天不超过两杯。该组织也不建议不喝酒的人开始喝酒。



The new research, presented Monday at the American Heart Association's annual meeting in Chicago, suggests women might not have to limit themselves to the one-drink-a-day guideline. A drink is defined as a 12-ounce beer, one ounce of hard alcohol, or five ounces of wine, which is often less than the typical serving in a wine goblet.


这份新的研究成果是在2010年11月15日于芝加哥召开的美国心脏协会年会上公布的，报告建议女性也许用不着把每天的饮酒量限制在一杯之内。一杯酒的定义是一杯12盎司的啤酒，1盎司的烈酒，或5盎司的葡萄酒──该标准往往要比高脚玻璃杯中的葡萄酒量少。



Another study presented at the conference showed that women who had a daily drink had a lower risk of stroke.


会议上公布的另一项研究显示，每天饮酒的女性患中风的几率更低。



Doctors warn that the alcohol guidelines aren't cumulative so that people can't safely save up to have several drinks on a weekend, for example. They also underline that drinking too much can cause liver problems. And some studies have suggested an elevated breast-cancer risk in women even with moderatealcoholconsumption.


医生警告说，每日喝一点的指导意见并不能累加使用，也就是说，不能把每天喝的酒攒起来，到周末一下子喝好几杯。他们还强调，饮酒过度会导致肝功能问题。一些研究还显示，即使只是适度饮酒，也会增加女性乳腺癌的患病几率。



Both studies, by researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston and Harvard University, used data from the landmark Nurses' Health Study, which started in 1976 and involves more than 200,000 women.


会上公布的这两项研究成果分别由波士顿布莱根妇女医院(Brigham and Women's Hospital)和哈佛大学(Harvard University)的研究人员得出，使用的是具有里程碑意义的"护士健康研究"(Nurses' Health Study)的数据，该研究项目自1976年开始，样本超过20万名女性。



Qi Sun, a Harvard medicalinstructor, looked at nearly 14,000 women who had survived to age 70. Dr. Sun said he found that 1,499 of the women were free of major diseases like cancer and heart disease and had no physical impairments or memory problems. He looked at the amount of drinking these women had done at midlife, or about age 58 on average. Women who reported having one to two drinks most days of the week had a 28% increase in the chance of 'successfully surviving' to at least age 70 compared with non-drinkers. Like other studies, Dr. Sun found women drinking most days of the week were more likely to be healthier than women who drank one or two days a week.


哈佛大学医学讲师孙启（音）研究了近14,000名寿命超过70岁的女性。孙博士说，他发现有1,499名女性没有患上癌症和心脏病等重大疾病，也没有身体残疾或记性不好的问题。他观察这些女性在中年时期──也就是平均58岁左右──的饮酒量，那些大多每天喝一两杯酒的女性比不喝酒的女性活到70岁以上的成功几率大28%。和其它研究一样，孙博士发现基本上每天喝酒的女性比每周有一两天喝酒的女性更健康。



'You could argue this is a little more than the U.S. guidelines,' Dr. Sun said. Still, he said, walking 30 minutes a day confers more health benefits than does drinking.


孙博士说，可以这么讲，这个研究结果比美国健康指导关于饮酒的规范还要宽一点。不过，他还是表示，每天步行30分钟带来的健康效果要比饮酒更多。



Studies that rely on participants to self-report behavior such as drinking can be open to exaggeration or faulty memory. But during the years of the Nurses' Health Study, detailed data on food and alcoholconsumption were collected at regular intervals.


这些研究依靠参与者自己报告饮酒等日常行为，因此可能存在夸大其词或记忆错误的现象。不过，"护士健康研究"多年来一直在定期收集食物和酒类消费的详细数据。



The research into stroke risk looked at 73,450 women who were free of heart disease and cancer when they entered the study. They were followed from 1984 to 2006. Women who had up to one drink a day had a 20% reduction in stroke risk compared with non-drinkers. There was no impact on stroke risk among most women who drank larger amounts, such as two or three drinks daily. But women who were also on hormone-replacement therapy and who had two drinks a day had an increased stroke risk.


关于中风的那项研究观察了73,450名女性，她们加入研究项目时都没有心脏病或癌症，然后从1984年到2006年接受持续的健康跟踪。每天喝一杯的女性比不喝酒的患中风的几率低20%，喝酒更多（如每天两三杯）对于患中风的几率没有影响；而进行更换荷尔蒙治疗法同时每天喝两杯酒的女性中风几率有所提高。



A third study released at the conference by researchers at the University of Rome, La Sapienza, Italy, showed that two to three drinks daily among male heart-bypass-surgery patients was associated with a 25% decline in the rate of subsequent cardiovascular problems like heart attacks and strokes compared to non-drinkers. But the risk of dying increased among people who had four or more drinks daily and had a particular heart problem affecting the left ventricle. The study involved more than 1,000 patients followed for about 3.5 years.


会议公布的第三项研究是由意大利罗马大学(University of Rome, La Sapienza)所做的。该研究显示，做过心脏搭桥手术的男性病人每天喝两三杯酒能将后续的心脏病发作和中风等心血管疾病的患病几率降低25%；不过，左心室存在问题而且每天喝酒超过四杯的人死亡率会上升。该研究覆盖了1,000多个病人，平均跟踪时间为3.5年。



Women who had about two drinks daily also had fewer cardiovascular problems after bypass surgery but the benefit was smaller than seen in men. The researchers said many patients had wondered if they should stop drinking after bypass surgery so a study was designed to look at clinical outcomes among drinkers and non-drinkers.


每天喝两杯酒左右的女性在做心脏搭桥手术后患有心血管疾病的几率也更低一些，但效果没有男性那么明显。研究人士说，很多病人都想知道，做过心脏搭桥手术后是不是应该戒酒，这项研究的目的就是观察饮酒者和非饮酒者在这方面的临床结果。



Jennifer Corbett Dooren


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