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细节题在阅读考试中通常是考察考生读懂文章主要事实和各个细节,理解作者主要思想的能力。
在阅读考核中,查找主要事实或特定细节常见题型如下:
1.Which of the following statements is (not) true (or correct)?
2.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?
3.All of the following are true except...
4.The author (or the passage) states that...
5.According to the passage, when (where、why、how、who、what、which、etc.)...?

要做好细节题,在阅读的过程中,不但要明白文章中有哪些内容,即who、what、when、where、why,同时,还要分清主次。如果对事实分不清主次,可能就导致错误理解作者要表达的主要思想。
阅读理解">阅读理解考试中要求寻找的主要事实和特定细节都可以在文章中找得到。但是,特别要注意的是出题者不会很明白很直接地提问,而是很注意提问的技术性或艺术性,也就是说,他提问都是要设障碍的,要罩上一层迷雾的,使得参试者弄不清问题指的是哪一件事,哪一个细节,造成你寻找的困难,这就要求参试者仔细琢磨。归纳起来,提问技巧有以下三种:1)隐含提问(使同义词语转换法,使用参照词和代词等);2)间接提问法;3)真伪提问和省略法。
一)隐含提问法
出题者使用同义词、参照词、代词等,使读者的阅读印象和问题印象产生模糊感。
二)间接提问法
这是又一种设障提问技巧。问题不直接提出,要绕弯子。比如,涉及时间、距离及数据等时,你必须经过复杂的测算才能确定答案,有时,选择答案给你的数据与文章中的数据不符,只是一个近似数值,(其他选择答案完全不沾边,完全错误),或者,提问者只给你一部分事实,让读者续出相应的事实使某事实更完整正确(这又叫做省略提问法)。
三)真伪证实法
出题者要求应试者确立文章中的事实,不让其问题直接与文章中的事实对号入座,而是提出似是而非,或完全错误的事实让应试者去判断。
对于这类题目,应试者不要根据自己读文章的最初印象马上加以判断,而必须找到与问题相应的文章部分,找出正确肯定的事实,才可以据此判定否定的或错误的答案选择。
例文:
The Flag of the U.S-The Stars and Stripes
The history of the flag of the U.S. has become so cluttered by myth that hardly any facts can be established. One thing all agree on is that the Stars and Stripes originated as the result of a resolution adopted by Congress June 14,1777. It read:
Resolved: that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation.
The flag of 1777 was used until 1795. Then, on the admission of Vermont and Kentucky to the Union, Congress passed an act that after May 1,1795, the flag should have 15stripes and 15 stars.
When new states were admitted it became evident that the flag would become burdened with stripes. Congress there ordered that after July 4,1818, the flag should have 13 stripes, symbolizing the 13 original states; that the union have 20 stars, and that whenever a new state was admitted a new star should be added on the July 4 following the admission.
The 50-star flag of the United states was raised for the first time officially on July 4,1960, at Fort McHenry in Baltimore. The 50th star had been added for Hawaii, a year earlier the 49th , for Alaska. Before that , no star had been added since 1912, when New Mexico and Arizona were admitted to the Union.
1) Since 1777, the U.S flag has changed its design ¬___________.
A) twice B) 3 times C) 5 times D)more than 5 times
2) In 1912, before July 4. The U.S flag had ____________.
A) 15 stars B) 20 stars C) 46 stars D)48 stars
题1)要求选择自1777年以来,美国flag 变化了多少次? 回答这个问题,不能只看文章中列出的五次:1795;July 4,1818; since 1912;a year earlier the 49th ; July 4,1960。要仔细计算。文中提到1818年时为20颗星,以后每加入一个州增加一颗星。文章告诉我们:1912年增国的是第47和48颗星,那么,从第20颗星到第47颗星之间,必然还有若干次变动省略未提及,因此答案应选D)。
题2)是省略提问法,只给出一半的事实,要求应试者将读懂的真实事实为依据续出整个的事实。问题要求读懂1912年7月4日以前有多少颗星。由于新墨西哥和亚里桑那于1912年7月4日加入联邦,国旗上星的数目增至48颗,因此答案应为C)。



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