初中英语语法复习（9） 被 动 语 态

　　英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。

　　eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句).

　　A knife is used for cutting (被动句)。

　　一、构成：be + 过去分词

　　eg. 1)The work is finished by him.

　　 2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.

　　二、被动语态的时态

　　1.一般现在时：am/ is/ are + 过去分词

　　eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.

　　2.一般过去时：was/ were + 过去分词

　　eg. The machines were made in China.

　　3.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+过去分词

　　eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.

　　4.现在完成时：have/ has been + 过去分词

　　eg. The work has been done by them.

　　5.现在进行时：am/ is/ are being + 过去分词。

　　eg. A new school is being built in our village.

　　6.过去进行时：was/ were being + 过去分词

　　eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.

　　综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化（即：be动词的各种时态）

　　另外注意以下几点：

　　1.含情态动词的被动语态：

　　 can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词

　　eg. He may be sent away from school.

　　2.带动词不定式的被动语态

　　eg. My bike needs to be mended.

　　3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者时，应用"by + 动作的执行者(宾格)"

　　eg. He was called Mike by us

　　4.不及物动词无被动语态（take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等）

　　eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改错) _________

　　5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。

　　eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.

　　→The workers were made to work 12 hours.

　　6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v + prep / adv构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。

　　eg. We must take care of the baby.

　　→The baby must be taken care of.

　　练 习 题

　　( )1.This factory has been____ for two years

　　A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened

　　( )2.The light in the room ___ before you leave. A. must turn off B. will turn off

　　C. are turned off D. must be turned off

　　( )3.The young trees ____ planted in spring.

　　A. must B. have C. must be D. must are

　　( )4.Chinese ____ by Miss Wang three years ago. A. was taught B. is taught

　　 C. was teached D. were teach

　　( )5.Young trees ___ quite often.

　　A. should water B. should be water

　　C. should be watered D. should have watered

　　( )6.English ___ by many people in the world

　　A. speaks B. speak C. are spoken D. is spoken

　　( )7.The old people ___ well in our country.

　　A. is looked after B. are looked after

　　C. looks after D. look for

　　( )8. Alice is ill. She ____ to hospital at once.

　　A. is sent B. must be sent

　　C. can send D. must send

　　( )9. The factory ____ in 1958.

　　A. was built B. is built

　　C. will be built D. built

　　( )10.Our teacher told us that the classroom _____ every day.

　　A. should be cleaned B. should cleaned

　　C. shall be cleaned D. must cleaned

　　( )11.Football ____ all over the world.

　　A. plays B. is playing

　　C. has played D. is played

　　( )12.____ silk ____ in Suzhou?

　　A. Is , produced B. Are, produced

　　C. Does, produce D. Was, produce

　　( )13.Much money ____ spent on books every year. A. have B. has C. are D. is

　　( )14.The students was made ______ the questions by the teacher.

　　A. answer B. to answer

　　C. answering D. answered

　　( )15.The sun ____ when we got there.

　　A. was risen B. has been risen

　　C. had risen D. is rising

　　( )16.The People's Liberation Army was ____ August 1, 1927.

　　A. found in B. found on

　　C. founded on D. founded in

　　( )17.The oranges should be well ___ during the winter.

　　A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep

　　( )18. Many of the sheep ___ by the wolf狼).

　　A. was killed B. are killed

　　C. are killing D. were killed

　　( )19.Tape recorders____ in our English class

　　A. should use B. used

　　C. can be used D. are using

　　( )20. ____ English ____ in Canada?

　　A. Do, spoken B. Is , spoken

　　C. Are, spoken D. Does, speak

　　( )21.He ____ not to leave waster paper everywhere.

　　A. tells B. told C. was told D. has told

　　( )22.Who ____ "The Family", "Spring" and "Autumn" ______?

　　A. was, written B. were, written

　　C. were, written by D. are. Written by

　　( )23.Look at the building! It ____ now.

　　A. is being built B. has been built

　　C. is building D. has built

　　( )24.Half of the work ____ before six.

　　A. can be done B. will do C. were done

　　( )25.We ____ stamps for sending letters.

　　A. are used B. use C. used

　　( )26.The Great Green Wall(绿色长城)___ in North China.

　　A. are built B. can be build C. was built

　　( )27.___ the farm ____ by the students ?

　　A. was, visited B. Is, visit C. Must, visit

　　( )28.The woman ____ by people in the waiting room.

　　A. was laughed B. was laughed at

　　C. laughed at

　　( )29. What ____ there?

　　A. happened B. is happened

　　C. must be happened

　　( )30.He was made ______for twelve hours.

　　A. to work B. work C. worked