八、宾语从句

　　【考点扫描】

　　中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：

　　1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；

　　2. 宾语从句的语序；

　　3. 宾语从句的时态。

　　考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。

　　【名师精讲】

　　一. 宾语从句的种类

　　宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或

　　形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

　　1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语

　　和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：

　　He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

　　She doesn't know (that) she is seriously ill.

　　I am sure (that) he will succeed.

　　2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

　　Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?

　　He asked whose handwriting was the best.

　　Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

　　I don't know why the train is late.

　　3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是"是否"。例如：

　　I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

　　He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

　　二. 宾语从句的语序

　　宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：

　　I hear (that) physics isn't easy.

　　I think (that) you will like this school soon.

　　Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?

　　Please tell me when we'll have the meeting.

　　三. 宾语从句的时态

　　1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

　　如：

　　I don't think (that) you are right.

　　Please tell us where he is.

　　Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

　　2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

　　He asked what time it was.

　　He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

　　He asked if you had written to Peter.

　　He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

　　3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：

　　Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

　　Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

　　【中考范例】

　　1. (2004年北京市中考试题)

　　 Miss Green didn't tell us _______ in 2002.

　　 A. where does she live B. Where she lives

　　 C. where did she live D. where she lived

　　 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。

　　2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)

　　 Would you please tell me ________?

　　 A. when did he come home

　　 B. where he would play football

　　 C. if he had seen the film

　　 D. why he didn't watch the game

　　 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。

　　3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)

　　 I don't know when __________.

　　 A. will the train leave B. the train will leave

　　 C. would the train leave D. the train leave

　　 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。

　　4. (2004年常州市中考试题)

　　 ---We don't know _____________.

　　 ---It is said that he was born in Sweden.

　　 A. what he is B. if he lives here

　　 C. where he comes from D. which country is he from

　　 【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。

　　【满分演练】

　　一. 单项填空

　　1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?

　　 A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do

　　 C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did

　　2. I want to know_________.

　　 A. what is his name B. what's his name

　　 C. that his name is D. what his name is

　　3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?

　　 A. that B. whether C. what D. which

　　4. Jim doesn't understand ____________.

　　 A. which is the way to the museum

　　 B. why his wife always goes shopping

　　 C. what is the way to the museum

　　 D. why does she always go shopping

　　5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?

　　 A. that B. whose C. who D. which

　　6. Mr. King didn't know _______ yesterday evening.

　　 A. when does his son come home

　　 B. when his son comes home

　　 C. when did his son come home

　　 D. when his son came home

　　7. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?

　　 A. how does he mend B. how he mends

　　 C. how he mended D. how did he mend

　　8. ---I'm waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive?

　　 ---Usually it comes by 4: 00.

　　 A. how B. where C. when D. what

　　9. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?

　　 ---Certainly. Go straight along here. It's next to a hospital.

　　 A. how we can get to the post office

　　 B. how can we get to the post office

　　 C. how get to the post office

　　 D. how could we get to the post office

　　10. ---Can I help you?

　　 ---Yes. I'd like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?

　　 A. how soon will it B. how soon it will

　　 C. how long it will D. how long will it

　　11. He wanted to know ___________.

　　 A. whether he speaks at the meeting

　　 B. when the meeting would start

　　 C. what he's going to do at the meeting

　　 D. where would the meeting be held

　　12. ---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden?

　　 ---The day after tomorrow, I think.

　　 A. when will you visit B. when you will visit

　　 C. when would you visit D. when you would visit

　　13. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang?

　　 A. what should we do B. we should do what

　　 C. what we should do D. should we do what

　　14. You can't imagine _________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.

　　 A. how they were excited B. how excited they were

　　 C. how excited were they D. they were how excited

　　15. I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.

　　 A. that B. when C. where D. whether

　　16. ---Could you tell me ____________?

　　 ---Sorry, I don't know. I was not at the meeting.

　　 A. what does he say at the meeting

　　 B. what did he say at the meeting

　　 C. what he says at the meeting

　　 D. what he said at the meeting

　　17. ---Could you tell me _________ last night?

　　 ---Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.

　　 A. what you were doing B. what were you doing

　　 C. what you are doing D. what are you doing

　　18. The teacher asked the students __________.

　　 A. if they were interested in dinosaurs

　　 B. when was Albert Einstein born

　　 C. what they will do with the computers

　　 D. how many trees they have planted

　　19. Every morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken.

　　 A. they had had B. have they had

　　 C. they have had D. had they had

　　20. It's up to you to decide _______ you'll go there, by air or by road.

　　 A. how B. why C. that D. when

　　二. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子

　　1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。

　　 Li Ming says _______ _______ interested in playing computer games.

　　2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。

　　 I don't think Mary ______ ______.

　　3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。

　　 Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai.

　　4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？

　　 Could you tell me _______ I can get to the Bell Tower?

　　5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。

　　 Father said that he ________ ________ a new computer..

　　6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。

　　 I want to know _________ there is a train to Beijing.

　　7. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？

　　 Do you know ______ _______ a double room ______?

　　8. 请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？

　　 Could you tell me ______ ______ we're going to be away?

　　9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。

　　 Uncle said that he ______ _______ a new novel.

　　10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。

　　 Jack said he _______ something important to do.

　　【练习答案】

　　一. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.A

　　二. 1.he is 2.will come 3.was leaving 4.how 5.had bought 6.if (whether) 7.how much 8.how long 9.was writing 10.had