如何诊断人感染了猪流感？中英文

　　What other examples of swine flu outbreaks are there?

　　Probably the most well known is an outbreak of swine flu among soldiers in Fort Dix, New Jersey in 1976. The virus caused disease with x-ray evidence of pneumonia in at least 4 soldiers and 1 death; all of these patients had previously been healthy. The virus was transmitted to close contacts in a basic training environment, with limitedtransmission outside the basic training group. The virus is thought to have circulated for a month and disappeared. The source of the virus, the exact time of its introduction into Fort Dix, and factors limiting its spread and duration are unknown. The Fort Dix outbreak may have been caused by introduction of an animal virus into a stressed human population in close contact in crowded facilities during the winter. The swine influenza A virus collected from a Fort Dix soldier was named A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1).

　　Is the H1N1 swine flu virus the same as human H1N1 viruses?

　　No. The H1N1 swine flu viruses are antigenically very different from human H1N1 viruses and, therefore, vaccines for human seasonal flu would not provide protection from H1N1 swine flu viruses.

　　如何诊断人感染了猪流感？

　　如果需要诊断A型猪流感，一般需要收集病人最开始4-5天发病期的呼吸道标本，这段时间是病人最有可能传播病毒的时期。但对某些人(特别是儿童)可能在最开始的10天时间(或者更长)就开始传播病毒。如果需要确认A型猪流感病毒，需要将标本送至CDC进行实验室检验。

　　感染了猪流感的病人有何治疗措施？

　　现在有4种抗病毒药品被允许在美国治疗流感：金刚烷胺(amantadine)，金刚乙胺（rimantadine），奥塞米韦(oseltamivir)和扎那米韦(zanamivir)。这四种药品对大部分猪流感病毒都有效，但最近从人类分离出来的猪流感病毒对金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺有抗药性。因此，CDC建议使用奥塞米韦和扎那米韦来对猪流感病毒进行治疗和/或预防。

　　还有其他猪流感病毒爆发的例子吗？

　　最著名的例子也许是1976年新泽西州迪克斯堡(Fort Dix)在士兵中爆发的猪流感。X光证据证实至少有4名士兵因为猪流感病毒而感染肺炎，1名士兵死亡。所有这些病人之前都是健康的。病毒通过在同一个基本训练组的士兵之间的近距离接触进行传播，而在训练组之外的传播则比较少。该病毒在传播了一个月之后消失，而该病毒的来源，何时传入迪克斯堡，以及限制它传播和存活的因素为何仍然还是个谜。这次流感的爆发很可能是由动物病毒引起的，并且，高压力的人群之间的近距离接触，拥挤的设施以及在冬季都是它爆发的原因。从福克斯堡士兵中提取的A型猪流感病毒被命名为A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1)。

　　H1N1猪流感病毒与H1N1人流感病毒是一样的吗？

　　不是。H1N1猪流感病毒在抗原上与人流感病毒非常不一样，因此，针对人类季节性流感的疫苗不会保护人免受H1N1猪流感病毒的侵袭。