Unit 17 You must be more careful!
教学建议
教学内容分析
本单元的主要交际功能项目是"禁止和警告"，通过有关遵守交通规则的话题体现出来。语法项目是（l）情态动词must和mustn't的用法。（2）由when，before，after引导的时间状语从句。（3）由if引导的条件状语从句。
Lesson 65三部分的内容在训练如何遵守交通规则的同时引出本单元重点语法项目：情态动词must及mustn't；when，before引导的时间状语从句及if引导的条件状语从句。这是本单元的主题，必须让学生反复练习。
Lesson 66是阅读课文，叙述一个外国妇女在候诊室等候就诊的故事，从而达到宣传公共道德的目的。内容幽默，阅后可组织学生讨论文前的三个题目，让他们发表自己的看法。
Lesson 67是有关生病的内容，对话有意识地重现了must, mustn't 和if从句，同时学习和复习了有关生病、看病的词语，从而为下一单元的教学作好了准备。第二、三部分着重练习when，before，if的用法。
Lesson 68是一个有关家庭聚会的小故事。本课的教学目的与前面第66课相同，宣传遵守公共道德。在表现手法上也与第66课相同，都是采用最后点题的手法，从而使课文充满幽默感。
课文导读
本单元的两篇课文是两个很有趣的故事，通过学习第一篇《The queue Jumpers》让我们能够掌握有关排队等候看病的一些知识，并养成排队等候的习惯，讲文明讲礼貌不做加塞者。学习第二篇《You must stop making so much noise》后我们可以了解到西方人的一种社交场合party（聚会），并从中学会讲究礼貌，在拜访别人，或举行聚会时要把握好时间分寸，不能影响别人的生活。
教学情态动词must的用法
情态动词must表示"应该"，"必须"。否定式must not＝mustn't表不"不应该"，"不许可"，"不准"，"禁止"等。本单元mustn't主要用法是表示"禁止和警告"。在回答must的问句时，否定式常用need not＝needn't或don't have to，表示"不必，"而不用must not=mustn't。因为mustn't表示"不可以"。表示推测"一定"，"必定"只用在肯定句中，老师在向学生简要讲明其主要用法以后，通过大量的操练让学生掌握。例如：
1. You must look after yourself．
2. We must finish our homework on time．
3. Li Ming must wait for his father at the bus stop．
4. They must clean their classroom every day.
5. We mustn't laugh at others．
6. You mustn't draw on the wall．
7. He mustn't leave to early．
8. They mustn't climb trees.
9. A: Must she go shopping tomorrow?
B: Yes, she must./No, she needn't.
10. A: Must we do the cleaning this afternoon?
B: Yes, we must./No, we needn't.
11. When and where must we get on the train?
12. Who must go to the meeting?
13. Who must I ask about the way to the TV station?
14. Whose car must the man clean?
15. Why must I stand in line?
教学由when, before, after引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句
本单元的第二个语法项目是由when，before，after等连词引导的时间状语从句和由连词if引导的假设性的条件状语从句。可用英译汉、汉译英或填空等方式进行口头和书面练习。
1.When
(1) When she reached home, she had a short rest.
(2) Will you please lock the door when you go out?
(3) When he was a middle school student, he liked playing football very much.
(4) Don't run the machine when something is wrong with it.
2. before
(1)I must finish my homework before my mother comes back.
(2) You must have something before you go to school.
(3) Where did you live before you moved to Beijing?
(4) Please take these things away before you leave the room.
(5)Before I left, I rang him up.
3. after
(1) They go out for a walk after they have supper.
(2) The woman looked worried after she found her ticket lost.
(3) I went to bed after I finished writing my diary.
(4) What do you do after class is over?
(5) They talked about the party after the people left.
4.if
(1) If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.
(2) If you jump the queue, other people will not be pleased.
(3) If you like my pen, I will give it to you.
(4) If he studies hard, he will catch up with his students.
在练习的过程中老师要提醒学生，由when，after，before引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句将来时用一般现在时来表示，而主句用将来时。
阅读训练教学
第66课讲的是一个幽默的小故事，描述发生在医务所里的一件令人啼笑皆非的事情。情节颇有趣。单词不多，内容易懂。教学时可先让学生听l－2遍录音，然后让学生在老师规定的时间内进行快速阅读，最后让学生看挂图扼要复述课文内容，检查学生快速阅读的效果。
学法建议
1．学生可以先设置一个医务所的场景，然后根据挂图内容，分组进行问答训练，以便进一步掌握课文内容。
2．本单元的语法项目首先要牢记他们的基本用法和含义，然后反复进行口头和书面训练。特别是含有must的一般疑问句，其否定回答不能用mustn't，应该用needn't或don't have to。时间状语从句和假设性的条件状语从句将来时用一般现在时代替，但主句要用将来时。
重难点及疑点分析
重点及难点：
A．单词及短语
hit, queue, hurt, laugh at, mistake, reading room, alone, surprise, telephone
1. queue的意思是"行列""长队"。stand in a queue = stand in line
2. hurt在本单元中作及物动词，是"受伤"的意思，作不及物动词用时表示疼。Does your leg still hurt？Not at all．
B．句子
1. Well, you mustn't cross the road now.
2. She sat nearest to the doctor's door.
在本句中nearest是副词near的最高级，副词最高级前省去定冠词the。
3. You must wait for your turn.
4. Do you think it necessary for us to learn to wait?
本句中的it作形式宾语，necessary作宾语补足语。
5. She was in the city to visit her daughter．
C．语法
1．情态动词must的用法。
2．时间状语从句和条件状语从句。
疑点：
A．单词及短语
1．get on / off的意思是"上／下车／马"等，on和 off都是介词，代词放在其中间。如：When the bus stopped, he got off.
2．arrive是不及物动词，是"到达，抵达"的意思，与in或at连用。到达大地方用in反之用at。相当于reach或got to。如：arrive in Beijing，arrive at a village
3．enjoy oneself意思是"玩得愉快"，它相当于have a good time。
B．句子
1. If there is a lot of traffic, you must wait.
if引导的是假设性的条件状语从句，将来时用一般现在时表示，主句仍用将来时。例如：
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go swimming．
2. At the head of the queue was an old woman．
这是一个倒装句，倒装句分为全倒装和半倒装。此句是全倒装，条件是主语必须是名词而不是代词，又如：In front of the house sat an old woman．
3. You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor．
"not...until"意为"直到......才......"主句中的谓语动词必须是中止性动词。上述句子中until是连词，连接句子，until也可作介词用，后接名词（短语）。例如：
She didn't tell me about it until yesterday．
until连接的是一个时间状语从句，其将来时用一般现在时表示。The boy won't go to bed until his mother comes back．
4. You must stop making so much noise.
stop doing sth表示"停止干什么"。而stop to do sth则表示"停下来去干什么"。
C．语法
1．含有情态动词must的一般疑问句，其否定回答不用mustn't，而是用needn't/don't have too。
－Must I be home before eight o'clock？
－No, you needn't. /No, you don't have to．
2．由when，before，after等连词引导的时间状语从句其将来时用一般现在时来表示，主句仍用将来时。
能力训练教学
1．本单元首先要使学生了解有关的交通规则，然后围绕这一中心，对有关的交通警句进行练习。
2．在复习、巩固上个单元情态动词can，may的基础上，训练和掌握情态动词must和mustn't的用法。
3．组织练习由when，before，after等连词引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句。
情态动词must用法分析
must是情态动词，没有人称或数的变化，后接动词原形，其主要用法如下：
1．表示义务或必要性，意思是"应该、必须"，通常用于肯定句及疑问句。如：
You must go to bed now. 你现在必须睡觉了。
Must I start at once? 我必须立刻出发吗？
2．must的否定式是must not/ mustn't，意思是"不应该、禁止"，语气较强烈。如：
You must not smoke here. 你不许在这里吸烟。
We mustn't be late again. 我们不应该再迟到了。
3．由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't, don't need to或don't have to均可，但不用mustn't，因为mustn't表示"不许、禁止"的意思，与问句的原意不符。如：
-Must I stay at home? 我必须留在家里吗？
-Yes, you must. 是的，你必须留在家里。
（No, you needn't. 或No, you don't have to.）（不，不用了。）
如果是反意疑问句，疑问部分一般不用needn't, 而用mustn't；否定回答时仍用needn't, don't need to或don't have to. 如：
-You must go on foot, mustn't you? 你必须走着去，是吗？
-Yes, I must. 是的，是这样。
（No, I needn't.或No, I don't have to.） （不，不是的。）
4．当说话人对所发生的事情进行推测时，must的意思是"一定、准是"，主要用于肯定句，否定句常用can't。如：
He must be a doctor. 他一定是个大夫。
She is not at home. She must be out. 她不在家里，她一定外出了。
注意：must表示推测，用于反意疑问句时，疑问部分不能用must, 应与其后面的动词保持一致。如：
（1）She must be home, isn't she? 她一定在家里，是吗？
（2）Tom must have a sister, hasn't he? / doesn't he? 汤姆肯定有一个妹妹，是吗？
5．must与have to的区别。
（1）表示（主语）主观的义务或必要时用must；表示（主语）客观因素的义务或必要时用have to。have to含有"不得不"的意思。如：
I must be off. Thank you for your help. 我得走了。谢谢你的帮助。
We have to be there early. 我们得早点去那儿。
（2）have to可以放在will后面构成将来时，而must则不能。例如：
他明天必须去那里。
误：He will must go there tomorrow.
正：He will have to go there tomorrow.
正：He must go there tomorrow.
辨析sound，noise和voice
sound，noise和voice这三个名词都可表示"声音"，但是，它们表示的"声音"并不相同。
1. sound作"声音"，"响声"讲时，可以指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的声言。这个词的使用范围很大。可以说，大自然的任何"声音"都可以用sound。例如：
At midnight he heard a strange sound．半夜里他听到一种奇怪的声音。
Light travels much faster than sound．光的传播速度比声音快得多。
2. noise意为"噪音"、"喧闹声"，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。例如：
Don't make any noise! 别吵闹！
The noise wakes me up．噪音吵醒了我！
The noise of traffic kept him awake．车辆的喧闹声使他睡不着。
3. voice一般指人的声音，说话、唱歌。谈笑都可用voice。sound和noise不仅能指人的声音，还可以表示别的动物发出的声音；而voice除了有时可指鸟的声音外，很少表示其它动物的声音。例如：
The girl has a beautiful voice．那女孩嗓音很美。
They are talking in low voices．他们正小声交谈。
When the teacher came into the classroom，our monitor spoke in a loud voice，"Stand up！"
老师走进教室时，班长大声喊："起立！"
时间、条件状语从句的时态
连词when，before，after，if引导的状语从句要特别注意其时态。
1．当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时时，从句要用一般现在时。如：
The boy will be a writer when he grows up. 这个男孩长大后将成为一名作家。
I won't go to school if it rains to- morrow. 如果明天下雨我就不去学校。
2．主句的谓语动词是情态动词+动词原形时．从句的谓语动词也用一般现在时。如：
When the lights are red，the traffic must stop．红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。
Please don't go to bed before you finish your homework.在完成作业之前，请不要休息。
They talked about the party after people left. 人们离开后，他们谈论这次晚会情况。
5.当主句的谓语是want, hope, wish等动词时，从句要用一般现在时。例如：
She wants to work in America when she finishes college.她大学毕业后想到美国工作。
I hope to see him if I'm free.如果我有空，我希望去看看他。
must用法"六注意"
must不完整。动词原形后面行；
无变化是特征，主语可用各人称；
表"必须"表示"推测"，
"杜绝、禁止"mustn't；
否定回答needn't，牢牢记住这几点．定能学好must。
下面就这几点分述如下：
1．"must不完整，动词原形后面行"是说must有一定的词义，表达一定的语气和情感，但不能单独用作谓语，后面应加上动词原形。如：
We must work hard at our lessons. 我们必须努力学习功课。
2．"无变化是特征，主语可用各人称"是说must没有词形变化，任何人称代词都可作它的主语。如：
I（He，She，You，They）must do it well.我（他，她．你，你们）必须做好这件事。
3．表"必须"是说must可以表示"必要、必须"之意，通常表示说话人的主观意志，或要求对方必须做某事。如：
You must come earlier tomorrow. 你明天必项早点来。
You must be more careful！你一定要多加小心！
4．表"推测"是说must可用来表示推测，有"一定、准是、必定"之意，表示说话人对所陈述的事情有一种可能性很大的推测。如：
He must be our new English teacher.他准是我们的新英语老师。
Lucy must be at home now. 露西现在一定在家里。
5．"杜绝、禁止mustn't"是说表示"不应该、不许可、禁止"做某事，语气比较强烈。mustn't是must的否定形式。如：
Children mustn't play with fire．It's dangerous！孩子们千万不能玩火，这很危险！
6．"否定回答needn't"是说，回答 must开头的问句，肯定式用must，否定式用needn't，而不用mustn't。如：
Must we do our homework every day? 每天我们得做家庭作业吗？
Yes，you must．是的，你们必须做。
疑难解析
1. When many passengers are waiting for a bus, you must stand in line and wait for your turn．当许多乘客在等车时，你必须排队等候。
l）wait for意思是"等待"。例如：
Please wait for a minute．I'll come back soon．请等一下，我马上回来。
A boy is waiting for you at the gate for our school．在校门口有一个男孩在等你。
2）in line意思是"成列，成行"。line多用来指竖行，row多用来指横行。例如：
Please slim line．请按列就坐。
What row are you in？你在第几排？
3）turn名词，意思是"顺序，次序"。例如：
They came into the classroom in turn.他们依次走进了教室。
It's your turn to speak.轮到你发言了。
2. Everyone laughed at the woman's mistake．每个人都因为那妇女的错误而笑了起来。
1）laugh at意思是"嘲笑，因......而笑"。例如：
Don't laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。
We all laughed at Li Lei when he was late for school again. 当李雷又一次迟到时，我们都笑了。
2) mistake是个可数名词。常见的词组有：make a mistake/ make mistakes, 例如：
I made a few mistakes in my exercise-book. 我在练习本上出了几个错。
Everyone may make a mistake. 人人都可能会犯错。
3. Mr. Smile said he did not want to quarrel with the policeman. 斯迈尔先生说他不想与客家争吵。
quarrel with意思是"与......争吵"，后面接表示人的名词。quarrel about意思是"为......而争吵"，后面接争吵的内容。"因某事与某人争吵"可写成quarrel about sth. with sb. 或者quarrel with sb．about sth.。例如：
I don't want to quarrel with Jim.我不想和吉姆吵架。
They are quarrelling about a maths problem. 他们在为一道数学题争吵。
I quarreled about journey with Tom yesterday．
= I quarreled with Tom about journey yesterday．昨天我与汤姆就旅游的事吵了一番。
教学建议
教学内容分析
本单元的主要交际功能项目是"禁止和警告"，通过有关遵守交通规则的话题体现出来。语法项目是（l）情态动词must和mustn't的用法。（2）由when，before，after引导的时间状语从句。（3）由if引导的条件状语从句。
Lesson 65三部分的内容在训练如何遵守交通规则的同时引出本单元重点语法项目：情态动词must及mustn't；when，before引导的时间状语从句及if引导的条件状语从句。这是本单元的主题，必须让学生反复练习。
Lesson 66是阅读课文，叙述一个外国妇女在候诊室等候就诊的故事，从而达到宣传公共道德的目的。内容幽默，阅后可组织学生讨论文前的三个题目，让他们发表自己的看法。
Lesson 67是有关生病的内容，对话有意识地重现了must, mustn't 和if从句，同时学习和复习了有关生病、看病的词语，从而为下一单元的教学作好了准备。第二、三部分着重练习when，before，if的用法。
Lesson 68是一个有关家庭聚会的小故事。本课的教学目的与前面第66课相同，宣传遵守公共道德。在表现手法上也与第66课相同，都是采用最后点题的手法，从而使课文充满幽默感。
课文导读
本单元的两篇课文是两个很有趣的故事，通过学习第一篇《The queue Jumpers》让我们能够掌握有关排队等候看病的一些知识，并养成排队等候的习惯，讲文明讲礼貌不做加塞者。学习第二篇《You must stop making so much noise》后我们可以了解到西方人的一种社交场合party（聚会），并从中学会讲究礼貌，在拜访别人，或举行聚会时要把握好时间分寸，不能影响别人的生活。
教学情态动词must的用法
情态动词must表示"应该"，"必须"。否定式must not＝mustn't表不"不应该"，"不许可"，"不准"，"禁止"等。本单元mustn't主要用法是表示"禁止和警告"。在回答must的问句时，否定式常用need not＝needn't或don't have to，表示"不必，"而不用must not=mustn't。因为mustn't表示"不可以"。表示推测"一定"，"必定"只用在肯定句中，老师在向学生简要讲明其主要用法以后，通过大量的操练让学生掌握。例如：
1. You must look after yourself．
2. We must finish our homework on time．
3. Li Ming must wait for his father at the bus stop．
4. They must clean their classroom every day.
5. We mustn't laugh at others．
6. You mustn't draw on the wall．
7. He mustn't leave to early．
8. They mustn't climb trees.
9. A: Must she go shopping tomorrow?
B: Yes, she must./No, she needn't.
10. A: Must we do the cleaning this afternoon?
B: Yes, we must./No, we needn't.
11. When and where must we get on the train?
12. Who must go to the meeting?
13. Who must I ask about the way to the TV station?
14. Whose car must the man clean?
15. Why must I stand in line?
教学由when, before, after引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句
本单元的第二个语法项目是由when，before，after等连词引导的时间状语从句和由连词if引导的假设性的条件状语从句。可用英译汉、汉译英或填空等方式进行口头和书面练习。
1.When
(1) When she reached home, she had a short rest.
(2) Will you please lock the door when you go out?
(3) When he was a middle school student, he liked playing football very much.
(4) Don't run the machine when something is wrong with it.
2. before
(1)I must finish my homework before my mother comes back.
(2) You must have something before you go to school.
(3) Where did you live before you moved to Beijing?
(4) Please take these things away before you leave the room.
(5)Before I left, I rang him up.
3. after
(1) They go out for a walk after they have supper.
(2) The woman looked worried after she found her ticket lost.
(3) I went to bed after I finished writing my diary.
(4) What do you do after class is over?
(5) They talked about the party after the people left.
4.if
(1) If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.
(2) If you jump the queue, other people will not be pleased.
(3) If you like my pen, I will give it to you.
(4) If he studies hard, he will catch up with his students.
在练习的过程中老师要提醒学生，由when，after，before引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句将来时用一般现在时来表示，而主句用将来时。
阅读训练教学
第66课讲的是一个幽默的小故事，描述发生在医务所里的一件令人啼笑皆非的事情。情节颇有趣。单词不多，内容易懂。教学时可先让学生听l－2遍录音，然后让学生在老师规定的时间内进行快速阅读，最后让学生看挂图扼要复述课文内容，检查学生快速阅读的效果。
学法建议
1．学生可以先设置一个医务所的场景，然后根据挂图内容，分组进行问答训练，以便进一步掌握课文内容。
2．本单元的语法项目首先要牢记他们的基本用法和含义，然后反复进行口头和书面训练。特别是含有must的一般疑问句，其否定回答不能用mustn't，应该用needn't或don't have to。时间状语从句和假设性的条件状语从句将来时用一般现在时代替，但主句要用将来时。
重难点及疑点分析
重点及难点：
A．单词及短语
hit, queue, hurt, laugh at, mistake, reading room, alone, surprise, telephone
1. queue的意思是"行列""长队"。stand in a queue = stand in line
2. hurt在本单元中作及物动词，是"受伤"的意思，作不及物动词用时表示疼。Does your leg still hurt？Not at all．
B．句子
1. Well, you mustn't cross the road now.
2. She sat nearest to the doctor's door.
在本句中nearest是副词near的最高级，副词最高级前省去定冠词the。
3. You must wait for your turn.
4. Do you think it necessary for us to learn to wait?
本句中的it作形式宾语，necessary作宾语补足语。
5. She was in the city to visit her daughter．
C．语法
1．情态动词must的用法。
2．时间状语从句和条件状语从句。
疑点：
A．单词及短语
1．get on / off的意思是"上／下车／马"等，on和 off都是介词，代词放在其中间。如：When the bus stopped, he got off.
2．arrive是不及物动词，是"到达，抵达"的意思，与in或at连用。到达大地方用in反之用at。相当于reach或got to。如：arrive in Beijing，arrive at a village
3．enjoy oneself意思是"玩得愉快"，它相当于have a good time。
B．句子
1. If there is a lot of traffic, you must wait.
if引导的是假设性的条件状语从句，将来时用一般现在时表示，主句仍用将来时。例如：
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go swimming．
2. At the head of the queue was an old woman．
这是一个倒装句，倒装句分为全倒装和半倒装。此句是全倒装，条件是主语必须是名词而不是代词，又如：In front of the house sat an old woman．
3. You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor．
"not...until"意为"直到......才......"主句中的谓语动词必须是中止性动词。上述句子中until是连词，连接句子，until也可作介词用，后接名词（短语）。例如：
She didn't tell me about it until yesterday．
until连接的是一个时间状语从句，其将来时用一般现在时表示。The boy won't go to bed until his mother comes back．
4. You must stop making so much noise.
stop doing sth表示"停止干什么"。而stop to do sth则表示"停下来去干什么"。
C．语法
1．含有情态动词must的一般疑问句，其否定回答不用mustn't，而是用needn't/don't have too。
－Must I be home before eight o'clock？
－No, you needn't. /No, you don't have to．
2．由when，before，after等连词引导的时间状语从句其将来时用一般现在时来表示，主句仍用将来时。
能力训练教学
1．本单元首先要使学生了解有关的交通规则，然后围绕这一中心，对有关的交通警句进行练习。
2．在复习、巩固上个单元情态动词can，may的基础上，训练和掌握情态动词must和mustn't的用法。
3．组织练习由when，before，after等连词引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句。
情态动词must用法分析
must是情态动词，没有人称或数的变化，后接动词原形，其主要用法如下：
1．表示义务或必要性，意思是"应该、必须"，通常用于肯定句及疑问句。如：
You must go to bed now. 你现在必须睡觉了。
Must I start at once? 我必须立刻出发吗？
2．must的否定式是must not/ mustn't，意思是"不应该、禁止"，语气较强烈。如：
You must not smoke here. 你不许在这里吸烟。
We mustn't be late again. 我们不应该再迟到了。
3．由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't, don't need to或don't have to均可，但不用mustn't，因为mustn't表示"不许、禁止"的意思，与问句的原意不符。如：
-Must I stay at home? 我必须留在家里吗？
-Yes, you must. 是的，你必须留在家里。
（No, you needn't. 或No, you don't have to.）（不，不用了。）
如果是反意疑问句，疑问部分一般不用needn't, 而用mustn't；否定回答时仍用needn't, don't need to或don't have to. 如：
-You must go on foot, mustn't you? 你必须走着去，是吗？
-Yes, I must. 是的，是这样。
（No, I needn't.或No, I don't have to.） （不，不是的。）
4．当说话人对所发生的事情进行推测时，must的意思是"一定、准是"，主要用于肯定句，否定句常用can't。如：
He must be a doctor. 他一定是个大夫。
She is not at home. She must be out. 她不在家里，她一定外出了。
注意：must表示推测，用于反意疑问句时，疑问部分不能用must, 应与其后面的动词保持一致。如：
（1）She must be home, isn't she? 她一定在家里，是吗？
（2）Tom must have a sister, hasn't he? / doesn't he? 汤姆肯定有一个妹妹，是吗？
5．must与have to的区别。
（1）表示（主语）主观的义务或必要时用must；表示（主语）客观因素的义务或必要时用have to。have to含有"不得不"的意思。如：
I must be off. Thank you for your help. 我得走了。谢谢你的帮助。
We have to be there early. 我们得早点去那儿。
（2）have to可以放在will后面构成将来时，而must则不能。例如：
他明天必须去那里。
误：He will must go there tomorrow.
正：He will have to go there tomorrow.
正：He must go there tomorrow.
辨析sound，noise和voice
sound，noise和voice这三个名词都可表示"声音"，但是，它们表示的"声音"并不相同。
1. sound作"声音"，"响声"讲时，可以指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的声言。这个词的使用范围很大。可以说，大自然的任何"声音"都可以用sound。例如：
At midnight he heard a strange sound．半夜里他听到一种奇怪的声音。
Light travels much faster than sound．光的传播速度比声音快得多。
2. noise意为"噪音"、"喧闹声"，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。例如：
Don't make any noise! 别吵闹！
The noise wakes me up．噪音吵醒了我！
The noise of traffic kept him awake．车辆的喧闹声使他睡不着。
3. voice一般指人的声音，说话、唱歌。谈笑都可用voice。sound和noise不仅能指人的声音，还可以表示别的动物发出的声音；而voice除了有时可指鸟的声音外，很少表示其它动物的声音。例如：
The girl has a beautiful voice．那女孩嗓音很美。
They are talking in low voices．他们正小声交谈。
When the teacher came into the classroom，our monitor spoke in a loud voice，"Stand up！"
老师走进教室时，班长大声喊："起立！"
时间、条件状语从句的时态
连词when，before，after，if引导的状语从句要特别注意其时态。
1．当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时时，从句要用一般现在时。如：
The boy will be a writer when he grows up. 这个男孩长大后将成为一名作家。
I won't go to school if it rains to- morrow. 如果明天下雨我就不去学校。
2．主句的谓语动词是情态动词+动词原形时．从句的谓语动词也用一般现在时。如：
When the lights are red，the traffic must stop．红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。
Please don't go to bed before you finish your homework.在完成作业之前，请不要休息。
They talked about the party after people left. 人们离开后，他们谈论这次晚会情况。
5.当主句的谓语是want, hope, wish等动词时，从句要用一般现在时。例如：
She wants to work in America when she finishes college.她大学毕业后想到美国工作。
I hope to see him if I'm free.如果我有空，我希望去看看他。
must用法"六注意"
must不完整。动词原形后面行；
无变化是特征，主语可用各人称；
表"必须"表示"推测"，
"杜绝、禁止"mustn't；
否定回答needn't，牢牢记住这几点．定能学好must。
下面就这几点分述如下：
1．"must不完整，动词原形后面行"是说must有一定的词义，表达一定的语气和情感，但不能单独用作谓语，后面应加上动词原形。如：
We must work hard at our lessons. 我们必须努力学习功课。
2．"无变化是特征，主语可用各人称"是说must没有词形变化，任何人称代词都可作它的主语。如：
I（He，She，You，They）must do it well.我（他，她．你，你们）必须做好这件事。
3．表"必须"是说must可以表示"必要、必须"之意，通常表示说话人的主观意志，或要求对方必须做某事。如：
You must come earlier tomorrow. 你明天必项早点来。
You must be more careful！你一定要多加小心！
4．表"推测"是说must可用来表示推测，有"一定、准是、必定"之意，表示说话人对所陈述的事情有一种可能性很大的推测。如：
He must be our new English teacher.他准是我们的新英语老师。
Lucy must be at home now. 露西现在一定在家里。
5．"杜绝、禁止mustn't"是说表示"不应该、不许可、禁止"做某事，语气比较强烈。mustn't是must的否定形式。如：
Children mustn't play with fire．It's dangerous！孩子们千万不能玩火，这很危险！
6．"否定回答needn't"是说，回答 must开头的问句，肯定式用must，否定式用needn't，而不用mustn't。如：
Must we do our homework every day? 每天我们得做家庭作业吗？
Yes，you must．是的，你们必须做。
疑难解析
1. When many passengers are waiting for a bus, you must stand in line and wait for your turn．当许多乘客在等车时，你必须排队等候。
l）wait for意思是"等待"。例如：
Please wait for a minute．I'll come back soon．请等一下，我马上回来。
A boy is waiting for you at the gate for our school．在校门口有一个男孩在等你。
2）in line意思是"成列，成行"。line多用来指竖行，row多用来指横行。例如：
Please slim line．请按列就坐。
What row are you in？你在第几排？
3）turn名词，意思是"顺序，次序"。例如：
They came into the classroom in turn.他们依次走进了教室。
It's your turn to speak.轮到你发言了。
2. Everyone laughed at the woman's mistake．每个人都因为那妇女的错误而笑了起来。
1）laugh at意思是"嘲笑，因......而笑"。例如：
Don't laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。
We all laughed at Li Lei when he was late for school again. 当李雷又一次迟到时，我们都笑了。
2) mistake是个可数名词。常见的词组有：make a mistake/ make mistakes, 例如：
I made a few mistakes in my exercise-book. 我在练习本上出了几个错。
Everyone may make a mistake. 人人都可能会犯错。
3. Mr. Smile said he did not want to quarrel with the policeman. 斯迈尔先生说他不想与客家争吵。
quarrel with意思是"与......争吵"，后面接表示人的名词。quarrel about意思是"为......而争吵"，后面接争吵的内容。"因某事与某人争吵"可写成quarrel about sth. with sb. 或者quarrel with sb．about sth.。例如：
I don't want to quarrel with Jim.我不想和吉姆吵架。
They are quarrelling about a maths problem. 他们在为一道数学题争吵。
I quarreled about journey with Tom yesterday．
= I quarreled with Tom about journey yesterday．昨天我与汤姆就旅游的事吵了一番。
Lesson 65 教学设计方案
Teaching Objectives: Let the students know how to use adverbial clauses of time and condition. Learn modal auxiliary verb "must". Students should grasp some useful expressions in this lesson.
Language Focus: 1. adverbial clauses of time: when, before, after;
2. adverbial clause of condition: if;
3. useful expressions: make a noise, stand in line, get on, get off.
Properties: Recorder, Pictures, Overhead projector
Teaching Procedures:
I. Revision
Dictation: It was my birthday yesterday. So I did my work early in the morning so that I was free for the day. My birthday was on Monday. I had a present for my birthday: it was a beautiful doll. I was twelve years old yesterday.
II. Leading-in
T: Write down "must" on the blackboard, then let the students listen to the teacher's sentences.
1. We must study hard every day.
2. We must obey traffic rules.
3. We must be more careful when we cross the road.
T: Write down "mustn't= must not" on the blackboard, then make them listen to the following sentences.
1. We mustn't make faces in class.
2. We mustn't throw waste out of the window.
3. We mustn't cross the road when the light is red.
III. Practice
T: Listen to the tape and then repeat it.
Look at Exercise one and two, let the students read the materials again, then check them.
T: Ask the students to make some sentences using "must" and "mustn't".
For example: 1. Soldiers must obey orders.
2. Cars mustn't be parked here!
3. We mustn't be late for school.
4. They must wait for Peter now.
IV. Presentation
T: Today we'll learn adverbial clauses of time and condition.
First let's do the match exercises.
Part One:
1. If you drive too fast, you may have an accident.
2. If you make a lot of noise, you may disturb others.
3. If there is a lot of traffic, you must wait.
4. If the traffic light is red, you must stop.
5. If you are not careful, a car may hit you.
Part Two:
1. When many passengers are waiting for a bus, you must stand in the line and wait for your turn.
2. When you get on the bus, you must buy a ticket.
3. When you get off the bus, you must look left and right.
4. When you are in the UK, you have to drive on the left.
5. Before you cross the street, you mustn't push others.
V. Practice
Part One: the adverbial clause of condition: if
1. If he comes back, he may ring you up.
2. If you run too fast, you may fall.
3. If there are many mistakes in your exam papers, you must correct them carefully.
4. If you study hard, you may catch up with your classmates.
5. If there is a heavy rain, you d better not go out.
Part Two: the adverbial clauses of time: before, when, after
1. When you answer your teacher's questions, you must stand up.
2. Before you go abroad, you must get a visa.
3. When you are about sixty years old, you may stop work.
4. After you sit down at the table in a restaurant, you may look at the menu first.
5. When you feel terrible, you must go to see the doctor.
Part Three: Ask the students to make some sentences. Then let them read in class.
VI. Language Points
1. make a noise
(1)Don't make a noise in class.
(2) When you make so much noise, you may disturb others.
2. stand in line
(1) When you wait for a bus, you should stand in line.
(2) When you visit a museum, you must stand in line.
3. get on/get off
(1) When you get on the bus, you should give seats to the old.
(2) When you get off the bus, you must be more careful.
VII. Exercises in class
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文章标签:英语教案 八年级 八年级英语
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