Food and drink
教学建议
教学内容分析
饮食话题是学生们最感兴趣的话题之一。他与人们的日常生活息息相关。拥有很大发挥和施展的空间。各国间文化和"饮食"习惯上的差异会引起学生们极大的兴趣和求知欲。只要老师引导得好,可设计许多的内容。同时"饮食"话题也是初中阶段必会的以及各类考试中经常涉及的重要话题之一。
本单元主要让学生练习"吃"和"喝"的话题。结合时间的表达和"饿了""渴了"的表达引出"想吃什么","想喝什么"的话题,练习常用的表达。并介绍两种单词,food words and drink words,所涉及的语法现象为不可数名词量的表达。食品有:bread, rice等,饮料有:tea, milk, water, juice等,引出 a cup of, a bag of, a glass of, a bottle of, a piece of,学生基础较好的班可给出a bowl of, a box of等。与此同时运用所学过的 how many句型,进一步学会不可数名词量的提问和应答。
73课复习时间的表达,引出"饿了""渴了"的表示方法。并学习一些表示中外食品的单词。本课作为74课的预备课。
74课学习功能句 "想要......吗?""......怎么样?"的表达。为74课的第二部分 "购买食品"做好铺垫。
75课在73、74的基础上,运用所学过的句型做调查。
进行第二轮语音复习。定位在最基本的/i/,/e/和/i:/三个单元音上。
●语音及词汇教学建议
准确、熟练的运用最基本的/i:/, /e/ 和 /i/三个单元音。
教师在教每一个单词时都要注意它是属于可数名词还是不可数名词。要特别关注"量的表达"。
教单词要用多种方法,如:利用拼读规律,利用学过的单词迁移,联想法等。
掌握以下词汇:
food, drink, hungry, thirsty, water, eat, rice, bread, meat, tea, milk, glass, a glass of,
would like, I'd like=I would like sth, porridge, fish, dumpling, fruit
piece, a piece of
理解以下词汇:
hamburger, needle, potato, chips, coke, coffee, madam, dear, ice, cream, ice cream, USA, different, vegetable, sometimes
●听力训练建议
本单元第76课的听力训练材料是根据本单元的重点内容安排的,训练学生首先抓住重点,听出对话发生的地点,每人所要的东西。听力材料可以听两遍,学生听懂后完成练习册。
●语法教学建议
本单元的语法教学是:
(1)some,a/an的用法,some与可数、不可数名词连用,以及不可数名词的量的表达。
(2)How many + 可数名词复数+ can you see?及回答。
How man +可数名词复数 + are there?及回答。
重点难点:
可数名词和不可数名词的分类以及不可数名词量的表达应是本单元的重点。这些词如何分类?没有太多的语法规律可循。主要是中英文表达习惯上的不同。要靠记忆和运用来区分它们。如:cake可数,但bread就不可数。
教学中注意以下几项:
1.记住并能灵活运用可数名词和不可数名词。如:some cakes, some bread, some rice等。
2.树立不可数名词的概念,如:一般的液体不可数。并学会量(单复数)的表达,如:a bottle of juice, a cup of tea, a glass of milk 等。
3.学习关于询问"多少"的提问和应答(主要是带有量词的不可数名词)。并注意 some, many, any, a, and an 的用法。
4. 注意要设计情景,多练习使用以下句型: Would you like ...? What would you like...? I'd like...
●口语交际用语教学建议
本单元的口语训练包括三个项目:(l)人物与想要的东西;(2)在实际情景中(如商店,餐馆,家里)谈论饮食;(3)How many句型的口语练习。
关于食品的话题是最常用的情景对话之一。如此重要的话题老师应在课堂设计上多下功夫。可多联系实际,模仿真实的场景。根据本单元的内容可以创设一定的情景(安排实物,讲桌当柜台),让学生按实际的爱好和意愿购买"柜台"上的饮食,进行口语训练。
除了利用课文对学生们进行口头训练外,还可利用workbook中第74课练习3,以购物为话题训练学生。如有可能,可用一些实物让学生表演。
注意以下功能句:
表示该干什么了: It's time for (supper).
表示"渴了""饿了": I'm thirsty. I'm hungry.
表示多少: How many bottles of water can you see in the picture?I can see three.
表示早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么: What do you have for breakfast/ lunch/ supper?
What would you like for supper?
What does your friend have for breakfast?
What would your friend like for supper?
表示想要什么:What would you like? I'd like a bottle of apple juice.
Would you like something to drink? Oh, yes.
表示怎么样: What about something to drink / eat?
表示提供帮助和建议:Can I help you, madam? Yes, I want some rice.
Do you have any ice cream?
●写作训练建议
多利用workbook。其中,在73课练习3完成对话后,可让学生用第一人称将自己饮食习惯写下来。
另外,76课练习8,写回信也是很好的写作训练。可将学生分成四人的小组。让学生们在小组内部仔细阅读Robert的来信,分析它所提出的问题都包含几方面。回信该如何回答?还可写些什么?四人可适当分工:两人收集课文中的句子,两人起草回信。然后认真阅读课文,从本单元中找出回信可用的句子并整理出来,备用。小组集体完成一份回信,作为作业交给老师。最后,教师可设一定的奖励。
参考答案
Dear Robert,
I'm glad to receive your letter and I know you want to come to China. You talk about Chinese food in your letter. Do you know Chinese food tastes the most delicious in the world? We cook something in many different ways. We can stir-fry, fry, steam, boil, smoke and so on.
We have eggs and milk for breakfast, have rice with vegetables, meat and fish for lunch, noodles and dumplings for supper. Chinese food not only tastes good but also has good nutrition. Sometimes we go to McDonald and Kentucky Fried Chicken. But I don't like them very much.
For drink, we often drink vegetable and fruit juice, mineral water, and all kinds of milk. Coke and sprite are children's favourite drink. But I like Chinese tea best.
We have a lot of traditional food and home cooking dishes here, for example: Beijing roasted duck, instant boiled mutton, sweet and sour fish, home-style bean-curd and so on. Now we like home cooked food better than take-away food. Beijingers like bean curd, very much, too. If you come to China, I'll show you around the city and you can taste these foods one by one if you aren't afraid to get fat.
Best wishes
Yours
Zhang Fan
[范文点评]
下面是一位学生二十分钟内完成的杰作,跟你的比一比,看谁写得棒!
Dear Robert,
Thank you for you (1) letter. Welcome to China. You want to know something about Chinese food. Let me to (2) tell you. We don't eat rice, vegetables and meats (3) every day. Sometimes we have hamburgers, potato chips and coke, too. In China you can find your favourite food and drink. Tell me when you come. You can come (4) my home and eat noodles. My mother can make nice noodles. We can go out to eat hamburgers and drink coke, too.
Yours,
××
点评:本文符合英语书信回信的基本格式,作者能够依据来信中提出的问题去组织语言材料,并且表达比较清楚,行文也比较连贯,对于初一学生来说,本文写得不错的。不足的是存在下列几处语法错误:
(1)此处应用形容词性物主代词your,作定语修饰名词letter。
(2)let后接动词原形,应将句中的to去掉。
(3)meat是不可数名词,其后不能加s。
(4)come是不及物动词,当它与名词连用时,名词前应用介词to。
提示:大家在回信时,首先要注意英语回信的基本格式(可参照来信的格式),然后在回信中答复来信中所问到的所有问题,并注意表达要清楚,行文要连贯,要尽量使用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词(组)、句型,做到扬长避短。
本单元重难点知识讲解
重点单词及短语
food, drink, rice, eat, something, many, only, a glass of water
1.something是代词,作"某物;某事"讲,例如:I want something to drink. something一般用在陈述句的肯定句中,在否定句和疑问句中用anything.但如果表示客气的请求时要用something而不用anything.例如:Is there anything wrong with the bike? Would you like something to eat
2.many作形容词用,意思是"许多的;多的"。它后面跟可数名词的复数形式。如果后面跟不可数名词,则用much。例如:We have many new books. There is much water in the bottle.
重点句子
1. It's time for supper. 是吃晚饭的时间了。
句型It's time to do...意思是"做......的时间了",It's time to 后面一定要跟动词原形,如果后面是名词就要用It's time for sth. 句型。It's time 后跟不定式时,不定式前有时还可用for sb. ,以表示不定式所表示的动作是谁的。这时,不定式短语不能用for介词短语来代替。
(1) It's time to have breakfast.
=It's time for breakfast. 该吃早饭了。
(2)It's time to go and see Mr. Green.该去看望Green先生了。(本句不宜用for短词)
(3)It's time for her to know it.是她该知道此事的时候了。
2. Would you like something to drink? 你想要喝点东西吗?
1)Would you like...? 这一句型主要用来委婉地向对方提出请求、建议或看法。would like表示"想要",相当于want,但语气比want更委婉、客气。肯定回答时用Yes, please. 否定回答时用No, thanks. 如:
-Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗?
-Yes, please. /No, thanks.好的。/不用了,谢谢。
2)课文中的I'd live=I would like,意为"我想要......"。
3)something to drink意为"喝的东西"。动词不定式to drink位于不定代词something之后用作定语。如:something to eat吃的东西,something to say要说的事情。
4)have与eat和drink都有"吃;喝"之意,实际应用时略有不同。a)have为吃、喝通用语。与三餐名词连用时,只能用have。如:have supper/ lunch/ breakfast b)eat表吃、喝时多用于美国。如:My mother likes to eat soup我妈妈喜欢喝汤。 c)drink习惯上用于指喝水、茶、牛奶、酒等。
3. What about some fruit juice? 喝点儿水果汁怎么样?
句型What about + sb. / sth.? 表示"某人或某物怎么样?"这是打听情况、征求意见的常用口语。如:
I like English. What about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢(你喜欢英语吗?)
This bottle is empty. What about a full one? 这个瓶子空了,再来一瓶满的怎么样?
rice, meat, brad, tea, milk, water, juice, orange juice, coffee, coke.等词为不可数名词。因此它们没有复数形式。但是它们都可以用一定的量来表达。如:a bag of rice(一袋大米),a bowl of rice(一碗米饭),a kilo of meat(一斤肉)a piece of meat (一块肉), a piece of bread (一片面包), a cup of tea (一杯茶) , a box of tea (一盒茶叶), a bottle of milk (一瓶牛奶), a bottle of orange/apple juice (一瓶桔汁/苹果汁), a cup of coffee (一杯咖啡), a bottle of coke (一瓶可乐)等。
4. Can I help you? 你要买点什么?
Can I help you? 这句话可用在很多场合,并且在不同的场合及地点可以理解不同的含义。多半为服务性的人员使用,翻译时一定要根据实际情况来理解。与这一句表达相同的说法还有,May I help you? 或What can I do for you? 如:你在商店买东西时听服务说这句话,是问你"你想买点什么?"如在图书室服务员说这句话,是向"你想借什么书"等。如:
"Can I help you?" "I'd like some bananas."你要买点什么?我想买点香蕉。
5. We would like a bottle of apple juice, a glass of orange juice, and four cakes, please. 我们想要一瓶苹果汁,一杯桔子汁和四块蛋糕。
在英语中,两个并列成分一般用连词and来连接,三个或三个以上的并列成分一般在最后一个并列成分前用and,其余的用","相隔。
(1) I like singing and dancing. 我喜欢唱歌、跳舞。
(2) There are four people in my family. They are my father, my mother, my brother and I.
我家有4口人,他们是爸爸、妈妈、哥哥和我。
6.How many bottles of juice can yon see? 你能看见多少瓶果汁?
How many是疑问词,是"多少"的意思,后面跟可数名词的复数。如果修饰不可数名词,要用How much...?
How many people are there in your family? 你家有几口人?
How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉?
How much is that map? 那张地图多少钱?(问价格也用How much...)
7.Me, too. 我也是。
在口语中独立地代替I用。如:
"I'm thirsty." "Me, too."(=I'm thirsty, too.)"我渴了。""我也是。"
"I want something to eat." "Me, too." "我想吃点东西。""我也是"。
8. I want some rice, fish and a glass of apple juice. 我想要些饭,鱼和一杯苹果汁。
fish作餐桌上的"菜肴"是不可数名词,没有复数。它作"鱼"讲时,作可数名词,有复数形式,但它表示鱼的条数时,复数形式与单数形式相同,表示种类时,则应加es构成复数。如:
a fish 一条鱼→three fish三条鱼
two fishes两种鱼
There's some fish on the plate. 盘中有鱼。(不可数)
9. I have no time to go home for lunch, so I have it at school. 我没有时间回家吃午饭,因此我在学校吃午饭。
(1) 不定式短语to go home for lunch 修饰名词time, 作后置定语。e.g.
I have no time to talk with you. 我没有时间同你谈。
It's time to have class. 到上课的时候了。
Would you like something to drink? 你想喝些什么吗?
(2)句中so是连词引导一个并列句,表示前后两分句之间的因果关系。e.g.
I don't know her, so I don't know her name.我不认识她,因此我不知道她的名字。
10.Write them down in your exercise books.把他们写在你的练习本上。
在write down这个短语中down是副词,所以代词必须放在中间。如果是名词则可以放中间也可放在down的后面。例如:Write down these new words in your exercise book.
教学建议
教学内容分析
饮食话题是学生们最感兴趣的话题之一。他与人们的日常生活息息相关。拥有很大发挥和施展的空间。各国间文化和"饮食"习惯上的差异会引起学生们极大的兴趣和求知欲。只要老师引导得好,可设计许多的内容。同时"饮食"话题也是初中阶段必会的以及各类考试中经常涉及的重要话题之一。
本单元主要让学生练习"吃"和"喝"的话题。结合时间的表达和"饿了""渴了"的表达引出"想吃什么","想喝什么"的话题,练习常用的表达。并介绍两种单词,food words and drink words,所涉及的语法现象为不可数名词量的表达。食品有:bread, rice等,饮料有:tea, milk, water, juice等,引出 a cup of, a bag of, a glass of, a bottle of, a piece of,学生基础较好的班可给出a bowl of, a box of等。与此同时运用所学过的 how many句型,进一步学会不可数名词量的提问和应答。
73课复习时间的表达,引出"饿了""渴了"的表示方法。并学习一些表示中外食品的单词。本课作为74课的预备课。
74课学习功能句 "想要......吗?""......怎么样?"的表达。为74课的第二部分 "购买食品"做好铺垫。
75课在73、74的基础上,运用所学过的句型做调查。
进行第二轮语音复习。定位在最基本的/i/,/e/和/i:/三个单元音上。
●语音及词汇教学建议
准确、熟练的运用最基本的/i:/, /e/ 和 /i/三个单元音。
教师在教每一个单词时都要注意它是属于可数名词还是不可数名词。要特别关注"量的表达"。
教单词要用多种方法,如:利用拼读规律,利用学过的单词迁移,联想法等。
掌握以下词汇:
food, drink, hungry, thirsty, water, eat, rice, bread, meat, tea, milk, glass, a glass of,
would like, I'd like=I would like sth, porridge, fish, dumpling, fruit
piece, a piece of
理解以下词汇:
hamburger, needle, potato, chips, coke, coffee, madam, dear, ice, cream, ice cream, USA, different, vegetable, sometimes
●听力训练建议
本单元第76课的听力训练材料是根据本单元的重点内容安排的,训练学生首先抓住重点,听出对话发生的地点,每人所要的东西。听力材料可以听两遍,学生听懂后完成练习册。
●语法教学建议
本单元的语法教学是:
(1)some,a/an的用法,some与可数、不可数名词连用,以及不可数名词的量的表达。
(2)How many + 可数名词复数+ can you see?及回答。
How man +可数名词复数 + are there?及回答。
重点难点:
可数名词和不可数名词的分类以及不可数名词量的表达应是本单元的重点。这些词如何分类?没有太多的语法规律可循。主要是中英文表达习惯上的不同。要靠记忆和运用来区分它们。如:cake可数,但bread就不可数。
教学中注意以下几项:
1.记住并能灵活运用可数名词和不可数名词。如:some cakes, some bread, some rice等。
2.树立不可数名词的概念,如:一般的液体不可数。并学会量(单复数)的表达,如:a bottle of juice, a cup of tea, a glass of milk 等。
3.学习关于询问"多少"的提问和应答(主要是带有量词的不可数名词)。并注意 some, many, any, a, and an 的用法。
4. 注意要设计情景,多练习使用以下句型: Would you like ...? What would you like...? I'd like...
●口语交际用语教学建议
本单元的口语训练包括三个项目:(l)人物与想要的东西;(2)在实际情景中(如商店,餐馆,家里)谈论饮食;(3)How many句型的口语练习。
关于食品的话题是最常用的情景对话之一。如此重要的话题老师应在课堂设计上多下功夫。可多联系实际,模仿真实的场景。根据本单元的内容可以创设一定的情景(安排实物,讲桌当柜台),让学生按实际的爱好和意愿购买"柜台"上的饮食,进行口语训练。
除了利用课文对学生们进行口头训练外,还可利用workbook中第74课练习3,以购物为话题训练学生。如有可能,可用一些实物让学生表演。
注意以下功能句:
表示该干什么了: It's time for (supper).
表示"渴了""饿了": I'm thirsty. I'm hungry.
表示多少: How many bottles of water can you see in the picture?I can see three.
表示早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么: What do you have for breakfast/ lunch/ supper?
What would you like for supper?
What does your friend have for breakfast?
What would your friend like for supper?
表示想要什么:What would you like? I'd like a bottle of apple juice.
Would you like something to drink? Oh, yes.
表示怎么样: What about something to drink / eat?
表示提供帮助和建议:Can I help you, madam? Yes, I want some rice.
Do you have any ice cream?
●写作训练建议
多利用workbook。其中,在73课练习3完成对话后,可让学生用第一人称将自己饮食习惯写下来。
另外,76课练习8,写回信也是很好的写作训练。可将学生分成四人的小组。让学生们在小组内部仔细阅读Robert的来信,分析它所提出的问题都包含几方面。回信该如何回答?还可写些什么?四人可适当分工:两人收集课文中的句子,两人起草回信。然后认真阅读课文,从本单元中找出回信可用的句子并整理出来,备用。小组集体完成一份回信,作为作业交给老师。最后,教师可设一定的奖励。
参考答案
Dear Robert,
I'm glad to receive your letter and I know you want to come to China. You talk about Chinese food in your letter. Do you know Chinese food tastes the most delicious in the world? We cook something in many different ways. We can stir-fry, fry, steam, boil, smoke and so on.
We have eggs and milk for breakfast, have rice with vegetables, meat and fish for lunch, noodles and dumplings for supper. Chinese food not only tastes good but also has good nutrition. Sometimes we go to McDonald and Kentucky Fried Chicken. But I don't like them very much.
For drink, we often drink vegetable and fruit juice, mineral water, and all kinds of milk. Coke and sprite are children's favourite drink. But I like Chinese tea best.
We have a lot of traditional food and home cooking dishes here, for example: Beijing roasted duck, instant boiled mutton, sweet and sour fish, home-style bean-curd and so on. Now we like home cooked food better than take-away food. Beijingers like bean curd, very much, too. If you come to China, I'll show you around the city and you can taste these foods one by one if you aren't afraid to get fat.
Best wishes
Yours
Zhang Fan
[范文点评]
下面是一位学生二十分钟内完成的杰作,跟你的比一比,看谁写得棒!
Dear Robert,
Thank you for you (1) letter. Welcome to China. You want to know something about Chinese food. Let me to (2) tell you. We don't eat rice, vegetables and meats (3) every day. Sometimes we have hamburgers, potato chips and coke, too. In China you can find your favourite food and drink. Tell me when you come. You can come (4) my home and eat noodles. My mother can make nice noodles. We can go out to eat hamburgers and drink coke, too.
Yours,
××
点评:本文符合英语书信回信的基本格式,作者能够依据来信中提出的问题去组织语言材料,并且表达比较清楚,行文也比较连贯,对于初一学生来说,本文写得不错的。不足的是存在下列几处语法错误:
(1)此处应用形容词性物主代词your,作定语修饰名词letter。
(2)let后接动词原形,应将句中的to去掉。
(3)meat是不可数名词,其后不能加s。
(4)come是不及物动词,当它与名词连用时,名词前应用介词to。
提示:大家在回信时,首先要注意英语回信的基本格式(可参照来信的格式),然后在回信中答复来信中所问到的所有问题,并注意表达要清楚,行文要连贯,要尽量使用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词(组)、句型,做到扬长避短。
本单元重难点知识讲解
重点单词及短语
food, drink, rice, eat, something, many, only, a glass of water
1.something是代词,作"某物;某事"讲,例如:I want something to drink. something一般用在陈述句的肯定句中,在否定句和疑问句中用anything.但如果表示客气的请求时要用something而不用anything.例如:Is there anything wrong with the bike? Would you like something to eat
2.many作形容词用,意思是"许多的;多的"。它后面跟可数名词的复数形式。如果后面跟不可数名词,则用much。例如:We have many new books. There is much water in the bottle.
重点句子
1. It's time for supper. 是吃晚饭的时间了。
句型It's time to do...意思是"做......的时间了",It's time to 后面一定要跟动词原形,如果后面是名词就要用It's time for sth. 句型。It's time 后跟不定式时,不定式前有时还可用for sb. ,以表示不定式所表示的动作是谁的。这时,不定式短语不能用for介词短语来代替。
(1) It's time to have breakfast.
=It's time for breakfast. 该吃早饭了。
(2)It's time to go and see Mr. Green.该去看望Green先生了。(本句不宜用for短词)
(3)It's time for her to know it.是她该知道此事的时候了。
2. Would you like something to drink? 你想要喝点东西吗?
1)Would you like...? 这一句型主要用来委婉地向对方提出请求、建议或看法。would like表示"想要",相当于want,但语气比want更委婉、客气。肯定回答时用Yes, please. 否定回答时用No, thanks. 如:
-Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗?
-Yes, please. /No, thanks.好的。/不用了,谢谢。
2)课文中的I'd live=I would like,意为"我想要......"。
3)something to drink意为"喝的东西"。动词不定式to drink位于不定代词something之后用作定语。如:something to eat吃的东西,something to say要说的事情。
4)have与eat和drink都有"吃;喝"之意,实际应用时略有不同。a)have为吃、喝通用语。与三餐名词连用时,只能用have。如:have supper/ lunch/ breakfast b)eat表吃、喝时多用于美国。如:My mother likes to eat soup我妈妈喜欢喝汤。 c)drink习惯上用于指喝水、茶、牛奶、酒等。
3. What about some fruit juice? 喝点儿水果汁怎么样?
句型What about + sb. / sth.? 表示"某人或某物怎么样?"这是打听情况、征求意见的常用口语。如:
I like English. What about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢(你喜欢英语吗?)
This bottle is empty. What about a full one? 这个瓶子空了,再来一瓶满的怎么样?
rice, meat, brad, tea, milk, water, juice, orange juice, coffee, coke.等词为不可数名词。因此它们没有复数形式。但是它们都可以用一定的量来表达。如:a bag of rice(一袋大米),a bowl of rice(一碗米饭),a kilo of meat(一斤肉)a piece of meat (一块肉), a piece of bread (一片面包), a cup of tea (一杯茶) , a box of tea (一盒茶叶), a bottle of milk (一瓶牛奶), a bottle of orange/apple juice (一瓶桔汁/苹果汁), a cup of coffee (一杯咖啡), a bottle of coke (一瓶可乐)等。
4. Can I help you? 你要买点什么?
Can I help you? 这句话可用在很多场合,并且在不同的场合及地点可以理解不同的含义。多半为服务性的人员使用,翻译时一定要根据实际情况来理解。与这一句表达相同的说法还有,May I help you? 或What can I do for you? 如:你在商店买东西时听服务说这句话,是问你"你想买点什么?"如在图书室服务员说这句话,是向"你想借什么书"等。如:
"Can I help you?" "I'd like some bananas."你要买点什么?我想买点香蕉。