第二十一条　财务报告应当全面反映企业的财务状况和经营成果。

Article 21 Financial statements shall reflect comprehensively the financial position and operating results of an enterprise.

对于重要的经济业务，应当单独反映。

Transactions relating to major economic activities are to be identified and separately reported in financial statements.

第三章　资产

Chapter III Assets

第二十二条　资产是企业拥有或者控制的能以货币计量的经济资源，包括各种财产、债权和其他权利。

Article 22 Assets are economic resources, which are measurable by money value, and which are owned or controlled by an enterprise, including all property, claims, and other rights.

第二十三条　资产分为流动资产、长期投资、固定资产、无形资产、递延资产和其他资产。

Article 23 Assets shall normally be divided into current assets, long-term investments, fixed assets, intangible assets, deferred assets and other assets.

第二十四条　流动资产是指可以在一年或者超过一年的一个营业周期内变现或者耗用的资产，包括现金及各种存款、短期投资、应收及预付款项、存货等。

Arliele 24 Current assets refer to those assets which will be realized or consumed within one year or within an operating cycle longer than a year, including cash, cash deposits, short-term investments, receivables, prepayments, and inventories, etc.

第二十五条　现金及各种存款按照实际收入和支出数记帐。

Article 25 Cash and all kinds of deposits shall he accounted for according to the actual amount of receipt and payment.

第二十六条　短期投资是指各种能够随时变现、持有时间不超过一年的有价证券以及不超过一年的其他投资。

Article 26 Short-term investments refer to various marketable securities, which can be realized at any time and will be held less than a year, as well as other investment with a life of no longer than a year.

有价证券应按取得时的实际成本记帐。

Marketable securities shall be accounted for according to historical cost as obtained.

当期的有价证券收益，以及有价证券转让所取得的收入与帐面成本的差额，计入当期损益。

Income reeeived or receivable from marketable securities in currenl period and the difference between the receipt obtained from securities sold and book cost shall be all accounted for as current profit or loss.

短期投资应当以帐面余额在会计报表中列示。

Short-term investments shall be itemized and shown in book balance in financial statement.

第二十七条　应收及预付款项包括：应收票据、应收帐款、其它应收款、预付货款、待摊费用等。

Article 27 Receivables and prepayments shall include: notes receivable, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts prepaid and prepaid expenses, etc.

应收及预付款项应当按实际发生额记帐。

Receivables and prepayments shall be accounted for according to actual amount.

应收帐款可以计提坏帐准备金。

Provision for bad debts may be set up on accounts receivable.

坏帐准备金在会计报表中作为应收帐款的备抵项目列示。

The provision for bad debts shall be itemized and shown as a deduction item of accounts receivable in the financial statement.

各种应收及预付款项应当及时清算、催收，定期与对方对帐核实。

All receivables and prepayments shall be cleared and collected in time, and shall be checked with relaled parties periodically.

经确认无法收回的应收帐款，已提坏帐准备金的，应当冲销坏帐准备金；未提坏帐准备金的，应当作为坏帐损失，计入当期损益。

Any accounts receivable, proved and confirmed to be definitely uncollectible, shall be recognized as bed debts and written off against provision for bad debts or charged to current profit or loss as bad debts loss, if such provision is not set up.

待摊费用应当按受益期分摊，未摊销余额在会计报表中应当单独列示。

Prepaid expenses shall be amortized according to period benefiting, and the balance shall be itemized and shown separately in financial statement.

第二十八条　存货是指企业在生产经营过程中为销售或者耗用而储存地各种资产，包括商品、产成品、半成品、在产品以及各类材料、燃料、包装物、低值易耗品等。

Article 28 Inventories refer to merchandise, finished goods, semifinished goods, goods in process, and all kinds of materials, fuels, containers, low-value and perishable articles and so on that stocked for the purpose of sale or production and consumption during the production operational process.

各种存货应当按取得时的实际成本记帐。采用计划成本或者定额成本方法进行日常核算的，应当按期结转其成本差异，将计划成本或者定额成本调整为实际成本。

All inventories shall be accounted for at historical cost as obtained. Those enterprises keep books at planned cost or norm cost in daily accounting shall account the cost variances and adjust planned cost or norm cost into historical cost periodically.

各种存货发出时，企业可以根据实际情况，选择使用先进先出法、加权平均法、移动平均法、个别计价法等方法确定其实际成本。

When delivering inventories, enterprises nay account for their actual cost under the following methods: first-in first-out, weighted average, moving average, specific identification, last-in first-out, etc.

各种存货应当定期进行清查盘点。对于发生的盘盈、盘亏以及过时、变质毁损等需要报废的，应当及时进行处理，计入当期损益。

All inventories shall be taken stock periodically. Any overage, shortage or out-of-date, deterioration and damage thai need to be scrapped shall be disposed within the year and accounted into current profit or loss.

各种存货在会计报表中应当以实际成本列示。

All the inventories shall be disclosed at historical cost financial statement.

第二十九条　长期投资是指不准备在一年内变现的投资，包括股票投资、债券投资和其他投资。

Article 29 Long-term investment refers to the investment not intended to be realized within a year, including shares investment, bonds investment and other investments.

股票投资和其他投资应当根据不同情况，分别采用成本法或权益法核算。

Shares investment and other investments shall be accounted for by cost method or equity method respectively, in accordance with different situation.

债券投资应当按实际支付的款项记帐。

Bonds investment shall be accounted for according to actual amount paid.

实际支付的款项中包括应计利息的，应当将这部分利息单独记帐。

The interest accrued contained in the actually paid amount shall be accounted for separately.

溢价或者折价购入的债券，其实际支付的价款与债券面值的差额，应当在债券到期前分期摊销。

Where bonds are acquired at a premium or discount, the difference between the cost and the face value of the bonds shall be amortized over the periods prior to maturity of the bonds.

债券投资存续期内的应计利息，以及出售时收回的本息与债券帐面成本及尚未收回应计利息的差额，应当计入当期损益。

Interest accrued during the period of bonds investment and the difference between the amount of principal and interest received on bonds sold and their book cost and interest accrued but not yet received shall be accounted for as current profit and loss.

长期投资应当在会计报表中分项列示。

Long-term investment shall be itemized and shown separately in financial statements.

一年内到期的长期投资，应当在流动资产下单列项目反映。

Long-term investment matured within a year shall be itemized in the financial statements separately under the caption of current assets.

第三十条　固定资产是指使用年限在一年以上，单位价值在规定标准以上，并在使用过程中保持原来物质形态的资产，包括房屋及建筑物、机器设备、运输设备、工具器具等。

Article 30 Fixed assets refer to the assets whose service life is over one year, unit value is above the prescribed standards and where original physical form remains during the process of utilization, including buildings and structures, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, tools and implements, etc.

固定资产应当按取得时的实际成本记帐。在固定资产尚未交付使用或者已投入使用但尚未办理竣工决算之前发生的固定资产的借款利息和有关费用，以及外币借款的汇兑差额，应当计入固定资产价值；在此之后发生的借款利息和有关费用及外币借款的汇兑差额，应当计入当期损益。

Fixed assets shall be accounted for at historical cost as obtained. Interest of loan and other related expenses for acquiring fixed assets, and the exchange difference from conversion of foreign currency loan, if incurred before the assets having been put into operation or after been put into operation but before the final account for completed project is made, shall be accounted as fixed assets value; if incurred after that, shall be accounted into current profit or loss.

接受捐赠的固定资产应按照同类资产的市场价格或者有关凭据确定固定资产价值。接受捐赠固定资产时发生的各项费用，应当计入固定资产价值。

Fixed assets received as donations shall be accounted through evaluation with reference to the market price of similar assets or with relevant evidences. Expenses incurred on receiving those donated fixed assets, shall be accounted for as the fixed assets value.

融资租入的固定资产应当比照自有固定资产核算，并在会计报表附注中说明。

Fixed assets financed by leasing shall be accounted mutatis mutandis to selfowned fixed assets and shall be indicated in notes to the financial statements.

固定资产折旧应当根据固定资产原值、预计净残值、预计使用年限或预计工作量，采用年限平均法或者工作量（或产量）法计算。

Depreciation on the fixed assets shall be accounted on the basis of the original cost, estimated residual value, estimated useful life and working capacity, according to the straight line method or the working capacity (or output) method.

如符合有关规定，也可采用加速折旧法。

If conforming to relevant regulations, accelerated depreciation method may be adopted.

固定资产的原值、累计折旧和净值，应当在会计报表中分别列示。

The original value, accumulated depreciation and net value of fixed assets shall be itemized and shown separately in financial statement.

为购建固定资产或者对固定资产进行更新改造发生的实际支出，应当在会计报表中单独列示。

The actual expenditures incurred for the purpose of acquiring or updating and conducting technical reforming on the fixed assets, shall be itemized and shown separately in financial statement.

固定资产应当定期进行清查盘点，对于固定资产盘盈、盘亏的净值以及报废清理所发生的净损失应当计入当期损益。

The fixed assets shall be taken inventory periodically. The net profit or loss incurred in discard and disposal, and also overage, shortage of fixed assets shall be accounted into current profit and loss.