数词和量词

*基数词

基数词指表示数目的词。
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
1 one 11 eleven 20 twenty 100
2 two 12 twelve 30 thirty a hundred
3 three 13 thirteen 40 forty 1,000
4 four 14 fourteen 50 fifty a thousand
5 five 15 fifteen 60 sixty 1,000,000
6 six 16 sixteen 70 seventy a million
7 seven 17 seventeen 80 eighty 1,000,000,000
8 eight 18 eighteen 90 ninety a billion（十亿）
9 nine 19 nineteen 1,000,000,000,000
10 ten a trillion(一万亿）


其它基数词的构成法：
39 thirty-nine 52 fifty-two
83 eighty-three 91 ninety-one

375 three hundred and seventy-five 582 five hundred and eighty-two
819 eight hundred and nineteen
902 nine hundred and two
4,007 four thousand and seven
8,021 eight thousand and twenty-one
13,849 thirteen thousand,eight hundred and forty-nine
631,562 six hundred and thrity-one ,five hundred and sixty-two
54,256,000 fifty-four million,two hundred and fifty-six thousand
970,000,000 nine and seventy million
14,800,000,000 fourteen billion eight hundred million
2,000,000,000,000 two trillion


注：在这类词中，hundred,thousand,million,billion，trillion等词都用单数形式。



基数词在句中的主要作用：

1、定语、主语、宾语或者介词宾语、表语、同位语。

2、基数词可用复数形式，表示很大的量。

例:The boat cost hundreds of pounds.

Thousands of people attended the meeting.

Tens of thousands of buffaloes uesd to roam the prairie.

3、某些基数词可以用在"in the (one's)..."结构中，表示年岁、年代。

例：She is in her early twenties.她现在二十一二岁。

She is in her late twenties.她现在二十八九岁。



This took place in the 1950's.这事发生在二十世纪五十年代。

He was working abroad in the 70's.七十年代他在外国工作。



一些数学公式的读法：
7+4=11 Seven plus four is eleven.
12-5=7 Twelve minus five is seven.
6×8=48 Six times eight is forty-eight. 或Six multiplied by eight is forty-eight.
24÷6=4 Twenty-four divided by six is four.
a＞b a is more than b.
a＜b a is less than b.
a≈b a approximately equals b.
a≠b a is not equal to b.


*序数词
1 first 11 eleventh 20 twentieth
2 second 12 twelfth 30 thirtieth
3 third 13 thirteenth 40 fortieth
4 fourth 14 fourteenth 50 fiftieth
5 fifth 15 fifteenth 60 sixtieth
6 sixth 16 sixteenth 70 seventieth
7 seventh 17 seventeenth 80 eightieth
8 eighth 18 eighteenth 90 nintieth
9 ninth 19 nineteenth
10 tenth


读法：
第二十二 twenty-second 第三十一 thirty-first
第七十八 seventy-eighth 第九十三 ninety-third
第一百五十 one hundred and fiftieth
第九百九十九 nine hundred and ninety-ninth


写法：

first 1st , second 2nd ,third 3rd ,fourth 4th, twentieth 20th, twenty-first 21st.

序数词的作用：

1、可用作：定语、表语、主语、宾语或者介语宾语。

2、序数词可与a连用，表示"再一个"，"又一次"等。

例：She could not go through that a second time.

He's getting married a third time.

3、表示日期。

May 1st March 8th April 22nd

4、用在短语中

I thought that perpormance third-rate.我认为那场演出是三流水平。

I bought a second-hand car.我买了辆二手车。

序数词表顺序的办法：
the first part = part one 第一部分
the fifth chapter = chapter five 第五章
the twenty-third section = section twenty-three 第二十三节


读编号：
第705号房间 Room705
第254页 Page254
第二汽车厂 The No.2 Auto Plant
九号车厢 Carriage No.9
三号及四号卧铺 Berths 3and 4
第103路公共汽车 Bus No.103
海湾道7859号 7859 Bay Road


年份的读法：
2000 the year two thousand
2004 two thousand and four
1949 nineteen forty-nine
1803 eighteen oh three
1600 sixteen hundred
450B.C. four fifty B.C.(公元前）
128A.D. one twenty-eightA.D.（公元后）


时间读法：

08:00 eight o'clock 或 eight

09:15 nine fifteen 或 quarter past nine 或 a quarter after nine

02:30 two thirty 或 half past two 或 half after two

05:45 five forty-five 或 a quarter to six 或 a quarter of six

07:00 oh seven hundred hours = 7.00a.m.

12:00 twelve hundred hours = midday = noon

14:15 fourteen fifteen = 2.15p.m.

23:05 twenty-three oh five = 11.5p.m.

24:00 twenty-four hundred hours = midnight

分数词：
1/4 one-forth 5/9 five-ninths
2/3 two-thirds 3 2/5 three and two-fifths
7/12 seven-twelfths 47 3/8 forty-seven and three-eighths
1/2 one half 1/4 a quarter
3/4 three-quarters 2 1/4 two and a quarter
1 1/2 one and a half 7 3/4 seven and three quarters
2 5/9 twenty-five over nine 19/23 nineteen over twenty-three


小数的读法：

6.4 six point four
0.8 zero point eight 或 naught point eight
0.05 naught piont naught five 或 zero piont zero five
0.726 naught point seven two six 或 zero poiont seven two six
12.409 twelve point four oh nine
709.06 seven hundred and nine point oh six





量词：

量词不是一种词类，而是许多与数量有关的词和短语，它们有：

1、许多与数量有关的代词和限定词，some,any,much,many等。

2、各种数词：two,half,a third,80%等。

3、名词和of构成的表数量的短语，a lot of,plenty of等。

4、一些与数量有关的形容词，enough,whole,half等。

5、与数量有关的名词，feet,miles,years,dozen等。

6、某些与数量有关的合成词，a five-dollar bill,a 6-page summary等。

7、一些与数量有关词组的所有格，two months' stay,four week's notice等。



与容器有关的量词表达：
a bottle of beer a box of chocolate
a can of soup a bowl of rice
a cup of tea a basket of fruit
a bucket of water a sack of corn
a bag of toffees a crate of bananas
a glass of fruit juice a mug of milk
a packet of cigarettes a pot of jam
a spoon of sugar a tube of toothpaste
a barrel of oil a carton of yoghurt
a jar of marmalade a pack of gum
a plate of beef a package of detergent
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