Nothing discouraged by two unsuccessful visits to the retreat of the sage whose advice he sought to secure, Liu Bei made preparations for a third visit.

　　His brothers disapproved, and Guan Yu said, "Brother, you have sought him twice. Surely this is showing even too much deference. I do not believe in this fame of his for learning. He is avoiding you and dare not submit to the test. Why so obstinately hold this idea？"

　　[e] Guan Zhong was priminister of Duke Huan of Qi. Guan Zhong made Qi a powerful state during the Spring and Autumn period. ......

　　[e] Lu Wang was a master strategist, founding minister of Zhou Dynasty, counselor to King Wen. Before joining King Wen, Lu Wang had been a fisher, who mediated on the river bank on political events. ......

　　"You are wrong, my brother. In the Spring and Autumn Period Prince Huan of Qi paid five visits to the Eastern Suburb before he got to see Guan Zhong*. And my desire to see Zhuge Liang is even GREater than his."

　　"I think you are mistaken," said Zhang Fei. "How can this villager be such a marvel of wisdom？ You should not go again and, if he will not come, I will bring him with a hempen rope."

　　"Have you forgotten the GREat King Wen's visit to Lu Wang*, the old man of the River Wei？ If King Wen could show such deference to a wise man, where am I too deferential？ If you will not go, your brother and I will go without you," said Liu Bei.

　　"If you two go, how can I hang back？" said Zhang Fei.

　　"If you go, then you must be polite."

　　Zhang Fei said he would not forget himself, and the three set out. When they were a quarter of mile from the little cottage, Liu Bei dismounted, deciding to show his respect by approaching the house on foot. Very soon he met Zhuge Jun, whom he saluted with GREat deference, inquiring whether his brother was at home.

　　"He returned last evening. You can see him today, General."

　　As Zhuge Jun said this, he went off with some swagger.

　　"Fortune favors me this time," said Liu Bei. "I am going to see the Master."

　　"That was a rude fellow," said Zhang Fei. "It would not have hurt him to have conducted us to the house. Why did he go off like that？"

　　"Each one has his own affairs," said Liu Bei. "What power have we over him？"

　　Soon the three stood at the door, and they knocked. The serving lad came out and asked their business.

　　Liu Bei said very deferentially, "I would trouble the servant of the genius, gentle page, to inform the Master that Liu Bei wishes to pay his respects to him."

　　"My master is at home, but he is asleep."

　　"In that case do not announce me."

　　Liu Bei bade his two brothers wait at the door quietly, and he himself entered with careful steps. There was the man he sought, lying asleep on the couch, stretched on a simple mat. Liu Bei saluted him with joined hands at a respectful distance.

　　the time passed and still the sleeper did not wake. The two brothers left without, beginning to feel impatient, also came in, and Zhang Fei was annoyed at seeing his revered elder brother respectfully standing by while another slept.

　　"What an arrogant fellow is this Master？" said he. "there is our brother waiting, while he sleeps on perfectlycarelessly. I will go to the back of the place and let off a bomb and see if that will rouse him."

　　"No, no； you must do nothing of the kind," whispered Guan Yu, and then Liu Bei told them to go out again.

　　Just then Liu Bei noticed that the Master moved. He turned over as though about to rise, but, instead, he faced the wall and again fell asleep. The serving lad made as if he would rouse his master, but Liu Bei forbade him to be disturbed, and Liu Bei waited yet another weary hour. Then Zhuge Liang woke up repeating to himself the lines：

　　[hip, hip, hip]"Can any know what fate is his？

　　Yet have I felt throughout my life, the day would come at last to quit The calm retreat for toil and strife."[yip, yip, yip]

　　As he finished, he turned to the lad, saying, "Have any of the usual people come？"

　　"Liu Bei, the Uncle of the Emperor is here," said the boy. "He has been waiting a long time."

　　"Why did you not tell me？" said he, rising from the couch. "I must dress."

　　Zhuge Liang rose and turned into a room behind to dress. In a short time he reappeared, his clothing properly arranged, to receive his visitor.

　　then Liu Bei saw coming toward him a young man of medium height with a refined face. He wore a head-wrap and a long crane-white gown. He moved with much dignity as though he was rather more than mortal.

　　Liu Bei bowed, saying, "I am one of the offshoots of the Han family, a simple person from Zhuo. I have long known the Master's fame, which has indeed thundered in my ear. Twice I have come to visit you, without success. Once I left my name on your writing table. You may have my note."

　　Zhuge Liang replied, "This hermit is but a dilatory person by temperament. I know I have to thank you for more than one vain visit, and I am ashamed to think of them."

　　these courteous remarks and the proper bows exchanged, the two men sat in their relative positions as host and guest, and the serving lad brought tea.

　　then Zhuge Liang said, "From your letter I know that you grieve for both people and government. If I were not so young and if I possessed any talent, I would venture to question you."

　　Liu Bei replied, "Sima Hui and Xu Shu have both spoken of you. Can it be that their words were vain？ I trust, O Master, that you will not despise my worthlessness but will condescend to instruct me."

　　"the two men you speak of are very profound scholars. I am but a peasant, a mere farmer, and who am I that I should talk of empire politics？ Those two misled you when they spoke of me. Why do you reject the beautiful jewel for a worthless pebble？"

　　"But your abilities are world embracing and marvelous. How can you be content to allow time to pass while you idle away life in these secluded haunts？ I conjure you, O Master, to remember the inhabitants of the empire and remove my crass ignorance by bestowing instruction upon me."

　　"But what is your ambition, General？"

　　Liu Bei moved his seat nearer to his host and said, "the Hans are sinking： Designing ministers steal away their authority. I am weak, yet I desire to restore the state to its right mind. But my ignorance is too vast, my means are too slender, and I know not where to turn. Only you, Master, can lighten my darkness and preserve me from falling. How happy should I be if you would do so！"

　　Zhuge Liang replied, "One bold person after another has arisen in various parts of the empire ever since the days of the rebel Dong Zhuo. Cao Cao was not so powerful as Yuan Shao, but he overcame Yuan Shao by seizing the favorable moment and using his soldiers properly. Now he is all-powerful： He rules an immense army and, through his control of the court, the various feudal lords as well. You cannot think of opposing him. Then the Suns have held their territory in the South Land for three generations. Their position in that old state of Wu may not appear too secure, but they have popularity to appeal to. You can gain support but win no success there.

　　"the Region of Jingzhou rests on the two Rivers Han and Mian to the north, and their interests lie in all to the south of these rivers. On the east they touch Wu, and on the west they extend to the ancient states of Ba and Shu. This is the area in which decisive battles have to be won, and one must hold it in order to be secure, and Heaven has virtually made it yours.

　　"the Region of Yizhou in the west is an important place, fertile and extensive, a country favored of Heaven and that through which the Founder of Han obtained the empire. Its ruler Liu Zhang is ignorant and weak. The people are noble and the country prosperous, but he does not know how to hold it all, and all the able people of the region are yearning for an enlightened prince.

　　"As you are a scion of the Family, well known throughout the land as trusty and righteous, a whole-hearted hero, who GREatly desires to win the support of the wise, if you get possession of Yizhou and Jingzhou, if on the west you are in harmony with the Rong Tribes, on the south win over the ancient states of Yi and Viet, make an alliance with Sun Quan of Wu, and maintain good government, you can await confidently the day when Heaven shall offer you the desired opportunity. Then you may depute a worthy leader to go to the northeast while you take command of an expedition to the northwest, and will you not find the warmest welcome prepared for you by the people？ This done, the completion of the task will be easy. The Hans will be restored. And these are my counsels in all these operations, if you will only undertake them."

　　[e] the River Lands were West River Land, which was the region of Yizhou, and East River Land, which corresponded to Hanzhong. Both River Lands were the mountainous lands west of Jingzhou.

　　Zhuge Liang paused while he bade the lad bring out a map. As this was unrolled Zhuge Liang went on, "There you see the fifty-four counties of the west. Should you wish to take the overlordship, you will yield the Heaven's favor to Cao Cao in the north, and you will relinquish the Earth's advantage to Sun Quan in the south. You, General, will hold the Human's heart and complete the trinity. Jingzhou is to be taken first as a home, the River Lands* next for the foundation of domination. When you are firmly established, you can lay your plans for the attainment of the whole empire."

　　As Zhuge Liang ceased his harangue, Liu Bei left his place and saluted him, saying, "Your words, O Master, render everything so clear that the clouds are swept aside and I see the clear sky. But Jingzhou belongs to Liu Biao, my kinsman, and Yizhou to another kinsman Liu Zhang. I could hardly take the lands from them."

　　"I have studied the stars and I know Liu Biao is not long for this world. Further, Liu Zhang is not the sort of man to endure. Both places will certainly fall to you."

　　Liu Bei bowed his acknowledgments. And so, in one conversation, Zhuge Liang proved that he, who had lived in complete retirement all his life, knew and foresaw the tripod division into which the empire was to break. True, indeed, is it that throughout all the ages no one has ever equaled his intelligence and mastery of the situation.

　　[hip, hip, hip] Behold, when Liu Bei frets that he is weak, then Sleeping Dragon is not far to seek；When he desires to know how things will hap, The Master, smiling, shows him on the map. [yip, yip, yip]

　　"Though I be of small repute and scanty virtue," said Liu Bei, "I hope, O Master, you will not despise me for my worthlessness, but will leave this retreat to help me. I will assuredly listen most reverently to your words."

　　Zhuge Liang replied, "I have long been happy on my farm and am fond of my leisure. I fear I cannot obey your command."

　　Liu Bei wept. "If you will not, O Master, what will become of the people？"

　　the tears rolled down unchecked upon the lapel and sleeves of Liu Bei's robe. This proved to Zhuge Liang the sincerity of his desire.

　　Hence, Zhuge Liang said, "General, if you will accept me, I will render what trifling service I can."

　　Liu Bei was GREatly delighted. He called in Guan Yu and Zhang Fei to make their bow and brought out the gifts he had prepared. Zhuge Liang refused all the gifts.

　　"these are not gifts to engage your services, but mere proof of my regard," said Liu Bei.

　　then the presents were accepted. They all remained that night at the farm. Next day Zhuge Jun returned, and his brother said to him, "Uncle Liu Bei has come thrice to see me, and now I must go with him. Keep up the farm in my absence and do not let the place go to ruin. As soon as my work is accomplished, I will certainly return."

　　[hip, hip, hip] then, turning from his humble home, He thought of peaceful days to come, When he should take the homeward way And never beyond the valley stray. But duty kept him in the west, And there he found his place of rest. [yip, yip, yip]

　　An old poem may be quoted here：

　　[hip, hip, hip] the Founder of Han seized his gleaming blade And at Mangdang Hills the blood of the white snake flowed. He conquered Qin, destroyed Chu, and entered Xianyang. After two centuries of rule the line was near broken, But Liu Xiu restored the glory at Capital Luoyang. And his children occupied the throne Till decay began in the days of Huan and Ling. The Emperor Xian removed the capital to Xuchang, And, within the four seas, all was confusion. Bold spirits started up in fierce contention. Cao Cao, seized the favorable moment And the imperial authority passed into his hands. While the Suns made to themselves A glorious heritage at the GREat River, Solitary and poor, Liu Bei wandered from place to place, Till he found a haven in Xinye. Sorely distressed he was at the sorrows of the people, But Sleeping Dragon conceived a noble ambition, Within his breast were thoughts Of great things to be accomplished by force of arms. Then, because of the parting words of Xu Shu, And by the thricerepeated visits to his retreat, The great hero found and knew his mentor. When the age of Zhuge Liang was but thrice nine years, He turned from his books, put aside his lute, And left the peaceful fields he had loved, Under his guidance Jingzhou was taken And the two Lands of the Rivers conquered. He unrolled great schemes, as one all knowing, In speech, he went to and fro in the world, The sound of war drums rolled from his tongue, The words from his heart stirred one to the utmost depths. The dragon pranced, the tiger glared, And peace was brought to the world. Through all the ages his fame shall never decay. [yip, yip, yip]

　　After taking leave of Zhuge Jun, Liu Bei and his followers left for Xinye, with Zhuge Liang as companion. When they took up their abode there, Zhuge Liang was treated as a mentor, eating at the same table, sleeping on the same couch as Liu Bei. They spent whole days conversing over the affairs of the empire.

　　Zhuge Liang said, "Cao Cao is training his troops for naval service in Aquamarine Lake, and hence certainly intends to invade the country south of the GREat River. We ought to send our spies to ascertain what Cao Cao and Sun Quan are really doing."

　　So spies were dispatched.

　　Now after Sun Quan succeeded to the heritage of his father and brother, he sent far and wide to invite people of ability to aid him. He established lodging places for them in Kuaiji in Wu, and directed Gu Yong and Zhang Hong to welcome and entertain all those who came. And year by year they flocked in, one recommending another. Among them were Kan Ze of Kuaiji, Yan Jun of Pengcheng, Xue Yong of Beishan, Cheng Bing of Runan, Zhu Huan of Wujun, Lu Ji of the same place, Zhang Wen of Wucheng, Luo Tong of Kuaiji, and Wu Can of Wushang. All these scholars were treated with GREat deference.

　　Many able leaders came also. Among them were Lu Meng of Runan, Lu Xun of Wujun, Xu Sheng of Langye, Pan Zhang of Dongjun, and Ding Feng of Lujiang. Thus Sun Quan obtained the assistance of many people of ability both in peace and war and all went well with him.

　　In the seventh year of Rebuilt Tranquillity （AD 202）, Cao Cao had broken the power of Yuan Shao. Then he sent a messenger to the South Land ordering Sun Quan to send his son to court to serve in the retinue of the Emperor. Sun Quan, however, hesitated to comply with this request, and the matter was the subject of much discussion. His mother, Lady Wu, sent for Zhou Yu and Zhang Zhao and asked their advice.

　　Zhang Zhao said, "Cao Cao wishes a son to be present at court as a hostage whereby he has a hold upon us, as formerly was the case with all the feudal chiefs. If we do not comply with this request, he will doubtless attack the region. There is some peril."

　　Zhou Yu said, "Our lord has succeeded to the heritage and has a large army of veterans and ample supplies. He has able officers ready to do his bidding. So why should he be compelled to send a hostage to any person？ To send a hostage is to be forced into joining Cao Cao, and to carry out his behests, whatever they be. Then we shall be in his power. It would be better not to send, but rather to wait patiently the course of events and prepare plans to attack."

　　"That is also my opinion," said the Dowager.

　　So Sun Quan dismissed the messenger but did not send his son. Cao Cao resented this and had since nourished schemes against the South Land. But their realization had been delayed by the dangers on the north and, so far, no attack had been made.

　　Late in the eighth year （AD 203）, Sun Quan led his armies against Huang Zu and fought on the GREat River, where he was successful in several battles. One of Sun Quan's leaders, Ling Cao, led a fleet of light vessels up the river and broke into Xiakou but was killed by an arrow of Gan Ning, a general of Huang Zu. Ling Cao left a son, Ling Tong, fifteen years of age, who led another expedition to recover his father's corpse and was so far successful. After that, as the war was inclined to go against him, Sun Quan returned again to his own country.

　　Now Sun Quan's younger brother, Sun Yi, was Governor of Dangyang. He was a hard man and given to drink and, in his cups, very harsh to his people, ordering the infliction of severe floggings. Two of his officers, Military Inspector Gui Lan and Secretary Dai Yuan, bore their chief a grudge and sought to assassinate him. They took into their confidence one Bian Hong, of the escort, and the three plotted to kill their master at a GREat assembly of officials at Dangyang amid the banquets.

　　Sun Yi's wife, Lady Xu, was skilled in divination, and on the day of the GREat banquet she cast a most inauspicious lot. Wherefore she besought her husband to stay away from the assembly. But he was obstinate and went. The faithless guardsman followed his master in the dusk when the gathering dispersed, and stabbed him with a dagger.

　　the two prime movers at once seized Bian Hong and beheaded him in the market place. Then they went to Sun Yi's residence, which they plundered.

　　Gui Lan was taken with the beauty of the dead Governor's wife and told her, "I had avenged the death of your husband, and you must go with me."