The generous Treatment the Captain gave me, I can never enough remember; he would take nothing of me for my Passage, gave me twenty Ducats for the Leopard's Skin, and forty for the Lyon's Skin which I had in my Boat, and caused every thing I had in the Ship to be punctually deliver'd me, and what I was willing to sell he bought, such as the Case of Bottles, two of my Guns, and a Piece of the Lump of Bees-wax, for I had made Candles of the rest; in a word, I made about 220 Pieces of Eight of all my Cargo, and with this Stock I went on Shoar in the Brasils.

I had not been long here, but being recommended to the House of a good honest Man like himself, who had an Ingenio as they call it; that is, a Plantation and a Sugar-House. I lived with him some time, and acquainted my self by that means with the Manner of their planting and making of Sugar; and seeing how well the Planters liv'd, and how they grew rich suddenly, I resolv'd, if I could get Licence to settle there, I would turn Planter among them, resolving in the mean time to find out some Way to get my Money which I had left in London remitted to me. To this Purpose getting a kind of a Letter of Naturalization, I purchased as much Land that was Uncur'd, as my Money would reach, and form'd a Plan for my Plantation and Settlement, and such a one as might be suitable to the Stock which I proposed to my self to receive from England.

I had a Neighbour, a Portugueze of Lisbon, but born of English Parents, whose Name was Wells, and in much such Circumstances as I was. I call him my Neighbour, because his Plantation lay next to mine, and we went on very sociably together. My Stock was but low as well as his; and we rather planted for Food than any thing else, for about two Years. However, we began to increase, and our Land began to come into Order; so that the third Year we planted some Tobacco, and made each of us a large Piece of Ground ready for planting Canes in the Year to come; but we both wanted Help, and now I found more than before, I had done wrong in parting with my Boy Xury.

But alas! for me to do wrong that never did right, was no great Wonder: I had no Remedy but to go on; I was gotten into an Employment quite remote to my Genius, and directly contrary to the Life I delighted in, and for which I forsook my Father's House, and broke thro' all his good Advice; nay, I was coming into the very Middle Station, or upper Degree of low Life, which my Father advised me to before; and which if I resolved to go on with, I might as well ha' staid at Home, and never have fatigu'd my self in the World as I had done; and I used often to say to my self, I could ha' done this as well in England among my Friends, as ha' gone 5000 Miles off to do it among Strangers and Salvages in a Wilderness, and at such a Distance, as never to hear from any Part of the World that had the least Knowledge of me.

In this manner I used to look upon my Condition with the utmost Regret. I had no body to converse with but now and then Neighbour; no Work to be done, but by the Labour of my Hands; and I used to say, I liv'd just like a Man cast some desolate Island, that had no body there but how just has it been, and how should all Men reflect, that when they compare their present Conditions with others that are worse, Heaven may oblige them to make the Exchange, and be convinc'd of their former Felicity by their Experience: I say, how just has it been, that the truly solitary Life I reflected on in an Island of meer Desolation should be my Lot, who had so of unjustly compar'd it with the Life which I then led, which had I continued, I had in all Probability been exceedingprosperous and rich.

I was in some Degree settled in my Measures for carrying on the Plantation, before my kind Friend the Captain of the Ship that tool: me up at Sea, went back; for the Ship remained there in providing his Loading, and preparing for his Voyage, near three Months, when telling him what little Stock I had left behind me in London, he gave me this friendly and sincere Advice, Seignior Inglese says he, for so he always called me, if you will give me Letters, band a Procuration here in Form to me, with Orders to the Person who has your Money in London, to send your Effects to Lisbon, to such Persons as I shall direct and in such Goods as are proper for this Country, I will bring you the Produce of them, God willing, at my Return; but since human Affairs are all subject to Changes and Disasters, I would have you give Orders but for One Hundred Pounds Sterl. which you say is Half your Stock, and let the Hazard be run for the first; so that if it come safe, you may order the rest the same Way; and if it miscarry, you may have the other Half to have Recourse to for your Supply.

This was so wholesom Advice, and look'd so friendly, that I could not but be convinc'd it was the best Course I could take; so I accordingly prepared Letters to the Gentle-woman with whom I had left my Money, and a Procuration to the Portuguese Captain, as he desired.

I wrote the English Captain's Widow a full Account of all my Adventures, my Slavery, Escape, and how I had met with the Portugal Captain at Sea, thpecially to that Part which related to the buying Negroes, which was a Trade at that time not only not far entred into, but as far as it was, had been carried on by the Assiento's, or Permission of the Kings of Spain and Portugal, and engross'd in the Publick, so that few Negroes were brought, and those excessive dear.

It happen'd, being in Company with some Merchants and Planters of my Acquaintance, and talking of those things very earnestly, three of them came to me the next Morning, and told me they had been musing very much urn what I had discoursed with them of, the last Night, and they came to make a secret Proposal to me; and after enjoining me Secrecy, they told me, that t to me to the Brasils, among which, without my Direction (for I was too young in my Business to think of them) he had taken Care to have all Sorts of Tools, Iron-Work, and Utensils necessary for my Plantation, and which were of great Use to me.

When this Cargo arrived, I thought my Fortunes made, for I was surprised with the Joy of it; and my good Steward the Captain had laid out the Five Pounds which my Friend had sent him for a Present for himself, to purchase, and bring me over a Servant under Bond for six Years Service, and would not accept of any Consideration, except a little Tobacco, which I would have him accept, being of my own Produce.

Neither was this all; but my Goods being all English Manufactures, such as Cloath, Stuffs, Bays, and things particularly valuable and desirable in the Country, I found means to sell them to a very great Advantage; so that I might say, I had more than four times the Value of my first Cargo, and was now infinitely beyond my poor Neighbour, I mean in the Advancement of my Plantation; for the first thing I did, I bought me a Negro Slave, and an European Servant also; I mean another besides that which the Captain brought me from Lisbon.

But as abus'd Prosperity is oftentimes made the very Means of our greatest Adversity, so was it with me. I went on the next Year with great Success in my Plantation: I raised fifty great Rolls of Tobacco on my own Ground, more than I had disposed of for Necessaries among my Neighbours; and these fifty Rolls being each of above a 100 Wt. were well cur'd and laid by against the Return of the Fleet from Lisbon: and now increasing in Business and in Wealth, my Head began to be full of Projects and Undertakings beyond my Reach; such as are indeed often the Ruine of the best Heads in Business.

Had I continued in the Station I was now in, I had room for all the happy things to have yet befallen me, for which my Father so earnestly recommended a quiet retired Life, and of which he had so sensibly describ'd the middle Station of Life to be full of; but other things attended me, and I was still to be the wilful Agent of all my own Miseries; and particularly to encrease my Fault and double the Reflections upon my self, which in my future Sorrows I should have leisure to make; all these Miscarriages were pro by my apparent obstinate adhering to my foolish inclination of wandring abroad and pursuing that Inclination, in contradiction to the clearest Views of doing my self good in a fair and plain pursuit of those Prospects and those measures of Life, which Nature and Providence concurred to present me with, and to make my Duty.

As I had once done thus in my breaking away from my Parents, so I could not be content now, but I must go and leave the happy View I had of being a rich and thriving Man in my new Plantation, only to pursue a rash and immoderate Desire of rising faster than the Nature of the Thing admitted; and thus I cast my self down again into the deepest Gulph of human Misery that ever Man fell into, or perhaps could be consistent with Life and a State of Health in the World.

To come then by the just Degrees, to the Particulars of this Part of my Story; you may suppose, that having now lived almost four Years in the Brasils, and beginning to thrive and prosper very well upon my Plantation; I had not only learn'd the Language, but had contracted Acquaintance and Friendship among my Fellow-Planters, as well as among the Merchants at St. Salvadore, which was our Port; and that in my Discourses among them, I had frequently given them an Account of my two Voyages to the Coast of Guinea, the manner of Trading with the Negroes there, and how easy it was to purchase upon the Coast, for Trifles, such as Beads, Toys, Knives, Scissars, Hatchets, bits of Glass, and the like; not only Gold Dust, Guinea Grains, Elephants Teeth, &c. but Negroes for the Service of the Brasils, in great Numbers.

They listened always very attentively to my Discourses on these Heads, but especially to that Part which related to the buying Negroes, which was a Trade at that time not only not far entred into, but as far as it was, had been carried on by the Assiento's, or Permission of the Kings of Spain and Portugal, and engross'd in the Publick, so that few Negroes were brought, and those excessive dear.

It happen'd, being in Company with some Merchants and Planters of my Acquaintance, and talking of those things very earnestly, three of them came to me the next Morning, and told me they had been musing very much urn what I had discoursed with them of, the last Night, and they came to make a secret Proposal to me; and after enjoining me Secrecy, they told me, that they had a mind to fit out a Ship to go to Guinea, that they had all Plantations as well as I, and were straiten'd for nothing so much as Servants; that as it was a Trade that could not be carried on, because they could not publickly sell the Negroes when they came home, so they desired to make but one Voyage, to bring the Negroes on Shoar privately, and divide them among their own Plantations; and in a Word, the Question was, whether I would go their Super-Cargo in the Ship to manage the Trading Part upon the Coast of Guinea? And they offer'd me that I should have my equal Share of the Negroes without providing any Part of the Stock.

This was a fair Proposal it must be confess'd, had it been made to one that had not had a Settlement and Plantation of his own to look after, which was in a fair way of coming to be very Considerable, and with a good Stock upon it. But for me that was thus entered and established, and had nothing to do but go on as I had begun for three or four Years more, and to have sent for the other hundred Pound from England, and who in that time, and with that little Addition, could scarce ha' fail'd of being worth three or four thousand Pounds Sterling, and that encreasing too; for me to think of such a Voyage, was the most preposterous Thing that ever Man in such Circumstances could be guilty of.

But I that was born to be my own Destroyer, could no more resist the Offer than I could restrain my first rambling Designs, when my Father's good Counsel was lost upon me. In a word, I told them I would go with all my Heart, if they would undertake to look after my Plantation in my Absence, and would dispose of it to such as I should direct if I miscarry'd. This they all engag'd to do, and entred into Writings or Covenants to do so; and I made a formal Will, disposing of my Plantation and Effects, in Case of my Death, making the Captain of the Ship that had sav'd my Life as before, my universal Heir, but obliging him to dispose of my Effects as I had directed in my Will, one half of the Produce being to himself, and the other to be ship'd to England.

In short, I took all possible Caution to preserve my Effects, and keep up my Plantation; had I used half as much Prudence to have look'd into my own Intrest, and have made a Judgment of what I ought to have done, and not to have done, I had certainly never gone away from so prosperous an Undertaking, leaving all the probable Views of a thriving Circumstance, and gone upon a Voyage to Sea, attended with all its common Hazards; to say nothing of the Reasons I had to expect particular Misfortunes to my self.

But I was hurried on, and obey'd blindly the Dictates of my Fancy rather than my Reason; and accordingly the Ship being fitted out, and the Cargo furnished, and all things done as by Agreement, by my Partners in the Voyage, I went on Board in an evil Hour, the [first] of [September], [1659], being the same Day eight Year that I went from my Father and Mother at Hull, in order to act the Rebel to their Authority, and the Fool to my own Interest.

船长对我慷慨无私的好处，真是记不胜记。他不仅不收我的船费，并出二十枚欧洲流通金币买下我的豹皮，四十枚金币买下狮子皮。我小艇上的一应物品，立刻如数奉还给我；我愿出卖的东西，他又都通通买下，包括酒箱、两支枪、剩下的一大块蜜蜡，（其余的我都做成蜡烛在旅途中点掉了。）简而言之，我变卖物品共得了二百二十西班牙银币；带着这笔钱，我踏上了巴西海岸。

我到巴西不久，船长把我介绍给一位种植园主；这人与船长一样正直无私。他拥有一个甘蔗种植园和一个制糖厂。我在他家住了一段时间，了解了一些种甘蔗和制糖的方法。我看到，在巴西的这些种植园主生活优裕，他们都在短时期内就发家致富了。所以我想，如果我能获得在巴西的居留证，我也要做个种植园主。同时，我决定设法把我寄存在伦敦的那笔钱汇到巴西来。为了获得入藉证书，我倾囊买了一些没有开垦过的土地，并根据我将要从伦敦收到的资本，拟定了一个经管种植园和定居的计划。

我有个邻居，是葡萄牙人，生于里斯本，但他父母却是英国人。他名叫威尔斯。当时他的境况与我差不多。我称他为邻居，是因为我们两家的种植园紧紧相邻，而且我们也经常来往。我们两人的资本都很少。开始两年，我们只种些粮食为生。可是不久，我们开始发展起来，经营的种植园也开始走上了轨道。因此，在第三年，我们种了一些烟草；同时，我们各自又购进了一大块土地，准备来年种甘蔗。然而，我们都感到缺乏劳动力。这时，我想到真不该把佐立让给别人，以致现在后悔莫及。

可是，天哪，我这个人老是把事情办糟，却从未办好过一件事情；这种行事处世对我来说又不足为怪了。现在我已别无选择，只能勉强维持下去。现在的生计与我的天性和才能是完全不相称的，与我所向往的生活也大相径庭。为了我所向往的生活，我违抗父命，背井离乡。我现在经营种植园，也快过上我父亲一直劝我过的中产阶级生活了。但是，如果我真的想过中产阶级的生活，那我可以完全呆在家里，何必在世界上到处闯荡，劳苦自己呢？要过上中产阶级的生活，我完全可以留在英国，生活在亲朋好友中间，又何必千里迢迢，来到这举目无亲的荒山僻壤之地，与野蛮人为伍呢？在这儿，我远离尘世，谁也不知道我的音讯。

每当我想到自己目前的境遇，总是悔恨不已。除了偶尔与我的那位邻居交往外，简直没有其他人可以交谈。我也没有什么工作可做，只有用自己的双手辛苦劳作。我老是对自己说，我就像被丢弃在一个杳无人烟的荒岛上，形单影只，雀然一身。可是，当人们把自己目前的处境与境况更糟的人相比时，老天往往会让他们换一换地位，好让他们以自己的亲身阅历，体会过去生活的幸福。老天爷这么做是十分公道的。

对此，我们人人都得好好反省一下。我把自己目前的生活，比作荒岛上孤独的生活，结果我真的命中注定要过这种生活，那正是因为我不应该不满足于当前的境遇。老天爷这样对待我，也真是天公地道的。要是我真的继续我当时的生活，也许我可以变成个大富翁呢！

当我经营种植园的计划稍有眉目时，我的朋友，就是在海上救我的船长，又回来了。这次他的船是停在这儿装货的，货装完后再出航，航程将持续三个月左右。我告诉他，我在伦敦还有一笔小小的资本；他给了我一个友好而又诚恳的建议。"英国先生，"他说，他一直这么叫我的，"你写封信，再给我一份正式委托书请那位在伦敦替你保管存款的人把钱汇到里斯本，交给我所指定的人，再用那笔钱办一些这儿有用的货物。我回来时，如果上帝保佑，就可替你一起运来。可是，天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福，我建议你动用你一半的资本，也就是一百英镑，冒一下险。如果一切顺利，你可以用同样的方法支取另一半。那样，即使万一失手，你还可用剩下的一半来接济自己。"船长的建议确实是一个万全良策，且出于真诚的友谊。我深信，这简直是一个万无一失的办法。所以，我按船长的要求，给保管我存款的太太写了一封信，并又写了一份委托书，交给这位葡萄牙船长。

在我给那位英国船长寡妇的信里，我详细叙述了我的冒险经历。我怎样成了奴隶，怎样逃跑，又怎样在海上遇到这位葡萄牙船长，船长又怎样对我慷慨仁慈，以及我目前的境况。此外，我还把我需要的货物详细地开列了一个单子。这位正直的葡萄牙船长到了里斯本之后，通过在里斯本的某个英国商人，设法把我的信以及我冒险经历的详情，送达在伦敦的一位商人；这位伦敦商人又把我的情况详详细细地转告了那位寡妇。这位太太接到了信，获知了我的遭遇后，不仅把钱如数交出，还从自己的私人积蓄中拿出一笔钱来酬谢葡萄牙船长，以报答他对我的恩情。

在伦敦的那位商人用这笔钱--一百英镑--购买了葡萄牙船长开列的单子上的全部货物，直接运往里斯本给船长。

船长又把全部货物安全运抵巴西。在这些货物中，他替我带来了各种各样的工具、铁器和用具；这些都是经营种植园非常有用的东西。船长对我可谓想得周到备至，因为我自己并未想到要带这些东西。当时，我经营种植园还是个新手呢！

当这批货物运抵巴西时，我以为自己发了大财了，真是喜出望外。同时，我的那位能干的管家，就是这位船长，用那位寡妇给他作为礼物的五英镑钱，替我买了一个佣人，契约期为六年；在此期间，他不拿报酬，只要给他一点我们自己种的烟草就行了。这点烟草也是我一定要给他他才收受的。

不仅如此，我的货物，什么布啊，绒啊，粗呢啊等等，都是地地道道的英国货；另外一些东西则都是这儿特别贵重和需要的物品。我设法高价出售，结果赚了四倍的利润。现在，就我的种植园发展情况而言，已大大超过了我那可怜的邻居了。因为，我做的第一件事，就是先买了一个黑奴和一个欧洲人佣人。另外，前面提到过，那位葡萄牙船长从里斯本也给我带来了一个仆人。

常言道，富得快，麻烦来。我的情形完全是这样。第二年，我的种植园大获成功。我从自己的地里收了五十捆烟叶，除了供应当地的需要外，还剩下很多。这五十捆烟叶每捆一百多磅重；我都把它们晒好存放起来，专等那些商船从里斯本回来。这时，生意发展，资财丰厚，我的头脑里又开始充满了各种不切实际的计划和梦想。这种虚妄的念头往往会毁掉最有头脑的商人。

我若能长此安居乐业下去，生活必然会无比幸福。正是为了能获得这些幸福，我父亲曾竭力规劝我过一种安份守己的平静生活；而且，他告诉我，只有中间地位的生活，才享有种种幸福。他的看法确实是通情达理、切合实际的。然而，冥冥中另一种命运在等待着我。我自己一手造成了自己的不幸，增加了自己的过错，使我后来回想起来倍加悔恨。我后来遭遇的种种灾难都是由于我执迷不悟，坚持我遨游世界的愚蠢愿望，并刻意去实现这种愿望。结果，我违背了大自然与造物主的意愿和自己的天职，放弃用通常正当的手段追求幸福的生活，以致给自己造成无穷的危害。

正如我上次从父母身边逃走一样，这时我又开始不满于现状。我本来可以靠经营种植园发家致富，可我偏偏把这种幸福的远景丢之脑后，去追求一种不切实际的妄想；异想天开，想做个暴发户，而不是像通常一般人那样靠勤劳积累致富。这样，我又把自己抛入人世间最不幸的深渊。如果我没有那种种虚幻的妄想，我的生活一定会康乐安适的。

现在，让我把以后发生的一切慢慢向读者细说。你们可以想象，当时我在巴西已呆了四年，我经营的种植园也渐渐兴旺发展起来。我不仅学会了当地的语言，而且，在种植园主和城里的商人中间有了不少熟人，交了不少朋友。我说的城里，就是我在巴西登陆的港口城市圣萨尔瓦多。我与他们交谈时，经常谈到我去几内亚沿岸的两次航行，告诉他们与黑人做生意的情况。我对他们说，与黑人做生意真太容易了，只要用一些杂七杂八的货物，什么假珠子啦，玩具啦，刀子剪子啦，斧头啦，以及玻璃制品之类的东西，就可换来金沙、几内亚香料及象牙之类贵重物品，还可换来黑奴。在巴西，当时正需要大量的黑奴劳动力。

每当我谈论这些话题的时候，大家都仔细倾听；尤其是买卖黑奴的事，更引其他们的兴趣。当时，贩运黑奴的买卖还刚刚开始。从事贩卖黑奴的商人必须签约，保证为西班牙殖民地和葡萄牙殖民地供应黑奴，并必须获得西班牙国王或葡萄牙国王的批准。贩运黑奴是一种垄断的贸易，因而在巴西黑奴进口的数量不多，价钱也特别昂贵。

有一次，我与一些熟悉的种植园主和商人又很起劲地谈论这些事情。第二天上午，有三个人来找我。他们对我说，他们对我昨天晚上的谈话认真思考了一番，特前来向我提出一个建议。但他们说，这建议必须保密。因此他们要求我严守秘密。然后，他们对我说，他们想装备一条船去几内亚。他们说，他们都像我一样有种植园，但最感缺乏的是劳动力。他们不可能专门从事贩运黑奴的买卖，因为他们回巴西后不可能公开出售黑奴，因此，他们打算只去几内亚一次，回巴西后把黑奴偷偷送上岸，然后大家均分到各自的种植园里去。简而言之，现在的问题是，我愿不愿意管理他们船上的货物，并经办几内亚海岸交易的事务。他们提出，我不必拿出任何资本，但回来后带回的黑奴与我一起均分。

必须承认，如果这个建议是向一个没有在这儿定居，也没有自己经营的种植园的人提出来的话，确是十分诱人的。因为这很有希望赚一大笔钱，何况他们是下了大资本的，而我却不必花一个子儿。但我的情况却完全不同。我已在巴西立足，只要把自己的种植园再经营两三年，并把存放在英国的一百英镑再汇来，那时，再加上那点小小的积蓄，不愁不挣出一个三四千英镑的家当，而且还会不断增加。处于我现在这种境况的人，再想去进行这次航行，那简直就太荒唐了。

但我这个人真是命里注定自取灭亡，竟然抵御不了这种提议的诱惑，就像我当初一心要周游世界而不听父亲的忠告一样。一句话，我告诉他们，只要他们答应我不在的时候照料我的种植园，如果我失事遇难的话，又能按照我的嘱咐处理种植园，那我极愿同他们一同前往几内亚。对此他们都一一答应，并立下了字据。我又立了一份正式的遗嘱，安排我的种植园和财产。我立我的救命恩人船长为我种植园和财产的全权继承人，但他应按照我在遗嘱中的指示处置我的财产：一半归他自己，一半运往英国。

总之，我采取一切可能的措施，竭力保护好自己的财产，并维持种植园的经营。但是，如果我能用一半的心思来关注自己的利益，判断一下应做和不应做的事情，我就决不会放弃自己正在日益兴旺的事业，把发家致富的前景丢之脑后而踏上这次航行。要知道，海上航行总是凶险难测的，更何况我自己也清楚，我这个人总是会遭到种种不幸。

可是，我却被命运驱使，盲目听从自己的妄想，而把理智丢之九霄云外。于是，我把船只装备好，把货也装好；同伴们也按照合同把我托付的事情安排妥当。我于一六五九年九月一日上了船。这是一个不吉利的日子。八年前，我违抗父母严命，不顾自己的利益，从赫尔上船离家，也正是九月一日。
关键字:鲁宾逊漂流记
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