§ Lesson 47 Too high a price? 代价太高

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

●pollution n. 污染

●overpopulated adj. 人口多的

●over-industrialized adj. 过度工业化的

●sheer adj. 纯粹的，不掺杂的

●worldwide adv. 在全世界

●overwhelm v. 制服，使不知所措

●pollute v. 污染

●pesticide n. 杀虫剂

●fertilizer n. 肥料

●salmonella n. 沙门氏菌

●listeia n. 利斯特杆菌

●vegetarian n. 吃素的人

●organically-grown adj. 有机培植的（不施化肥和其他化学品培植）

●insidious adj. 暗中为害的

●urban adj. 城市的

●burglar n. 窃贼

●burgle v. 入室偷窃

●scream v. 尖叫

●profound adj. 极度的

●irritation n. 烦躁

●incessantly" title="ad.不断地，不停地">incessantly adv. 连续不断地

●whine v. 发呜呜声

●helicopter n. 直升飞机

●maximum adj. 最大的

●technology n. 技术

●contribution n. 贡献

●mobile adj. 可移动的

●snore v. 打鼾

●offender n. 冒犯者

●staggering adj. 令人惊愕的

●trumpet v. 吹号

●partner n. 伙伴

◆pollution n. 污染

More and more water is been pollution.

Pollution is the major problem we are faced with.

pollute

polluted

pollution

polluter 污染源

Eg: Gases from cars are one of the polluters of air pollution.

contaminate

taint

defile

pollute

poison

◆overpopulated adj. 人口多的

overpeopled

sparsely-populated community

sparsely-peopled

population

Eg: What's the population in your country?

Our country has a population of one billion.

The city has a population of two million.

population explosion

populous adj.

crowd 公交车拥挤 crewed

Eg: The narrow street is populous with people.

The most populous province in China is Shichun.

province 省

The most populous country in the world is China.

◆over-industrialized adj. 过度工业化的

◆sheer adj. 纯粹的，不掺杂的

有四个基本语意

1．pure unmixed

2. steep shere cliff

3. complete

Eg: What are you talking about sheer nonsense?

4. transparent

sheer silk stockings

◆worldwide adv. 在全世界

◆overwhelm v. 制服，使不知所措

Eg: He was overwhelmed by grief. 他伤心至极

Grief seized him.

Your kindness quite overwhelms me.您的这份好心使我感动得难以言表。（被你制服了）

If our country were overwhelm by pollution, it would be terrible.

conquer

overcome

get rid of

insumountable

vanquish

◆pollute v. 污染

◆pesticide n. 杀虫剂

◆fertilizer n. 肥料

◆salmonella n. 沙门氏菌

◆listeia n. 利斯特杆菌

◆vegetarian n. 吃素的人

◆organically-grown adj. 有机培植的（不施化肥和其他化学品培植）

◆insidious adj. 暗中为害的

◆urban adj. 城市的

◆burglar n. 窃贼

◆burgle v. 入室偷窃

◆scream v. 尖叫

scream at

◆profound adj. 极度的

intence

extreme

complete

Eg: Yesterday he had a profound sleep.

He is afflicted with profound anxieties.

knowledgable

He is a profound scholar.

◆irritation n. 烦躁

irritate v. 使烦躁

irriteted

irriteting

◆incessantly" title="ad.不断地，不停地">incessantly adv. 连续不断地

perpetual

permanent

eternal

continuance

continual

continually

constant

endless

incessant adj.

Eg: It has been raining incessantly" title="ad.不断地，不停地">incessantly for three hours.

There is a week of incessant rains.

ceaseless

none stop

unbroken

uninterrupted

Eg: Last night I had an uninterrupted party.

He gave us a talk uninterruped.

◆whine v. 发呜呜声

◆helicopter n. 直升飞机

◆maximum adj. 最大的

◆technology n. 技术

◆contribution n. 贡献

◆mobile adj. 可移动的

◆snore v. 打鼾

◆offender n. 冒犯者

◆staggering adj. 令人惊愕的

surprise

amaze

astonish

astound

astounding

Eg: The old lady reported to the police and they felt astounded / found it staggering.

◆trumpet v. 吹号

◆partner n. 伙伴

【Text】

§ Lesson 47 Too high a price? 代价太高

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What does the writer describe as an 'amusing old-fashioned source of noise'?

Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet. When you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it. We keep trying all four methods, but he sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us.

Rubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet. The need to produce ever-

increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution. Industrialized farming methods produce cheap meat products: beef, pork and chicken. The use of pesticides and fertilizers produces cheap grain and vegetables. The price we pay for cheap food may be already too high: Mad Cow Disease (BSE) in cattle, salmonella in chicken and eggs, and wisteria in dairy products. And if you think you'll abandon meat and become a vegetarian, you have the choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables or a steady diet of pesticides every time you think you're eating fresh salads and vegetables, or just having an innocent glass of water!

However, there is an even more insidious kind of pollution that particularly affects urban areas and invades our daily lives, and that is noise. Burglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle. Car alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of profoundirritation. A recent survey of the effects of noise revealed (surprisingly?) that dogs barking incessantly" title="ad.不断地，不停地">incessantly in the night rated the highest form of noise pollution on a scale ranging from 1 to 7. The survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really dislike. Lawn mowers whining on a summer's day, late-night parties in apartment blocks, noisy neighbors, vehicles of al kinds, especially large container trucks thundering through quiet village, planes and helicopters flying overhead, large radios carried round in public places and played at maximum volume. New technology has also made its own contribution to noise. A lot of people object to mobile phones, especially when they are used in public places like restaurants or on public transport. Loud conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or interrupt the pleasure of meeting friends for a quiet chat. The noise pollution survey revealed a rather spurring and possibly amusing old fashioned source of noise. It turned out to be snoring! Men were found to be the worst offenders. It was revealed that 20% of men in their mid-thirties snore. This figure rises to a staggering 60% of men in their sixties. Against these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore regularly, while the rest are constantly woken or kept awake by their trumpeting partners. Whatever the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it seems, has become a golden memory.

参考译文

污染就是我们为这个人口过密，过度工业化的星球所付出的代价。当我们开始考虑垃圾问题时，我们只有4种对付垃圾的方法：倾倒、焚烧、把垃圾变成再生材料或试图少产生一些垃圾。我们一直在试这4种方式，但是，我们在世界范围内仅产生的垃圾的量就有把我们覆盖的危险。

然而，垃圾只是我们这个星球的污染问题的一个方面。日益增长的对廉价食物的需求导致了另一种形式的污染。工业化的农作方式生产出廉价的肉类制品--牛肉、猪肉和鸡肉。使用杀虫剂和化肥生产出廉价的谷物和蔬菜。为了廉价食物我们付出代价已经太高了：牛肉中的疯牛病，鸡肉和鸡蛋中的沙门氏菌，奶制品中的利斯特杆菌。如果你想放弃肉类而变成一位素食者，那么你可以两者择一：或是选用价格昂贵、有机培植的蔬菜，或是当你认为在享用新鲜色拉和新鲜蔬菜或饮用一杯无害的水的时候，实际上每次都不断吃进杀虫剂。

但是，还有一种更加隐蔽有害的污染，它专门影响城镇地区，侵袭我们的日常生活，那就是噪音。防盗警报器在白天和黑夜的任何时候都会响起来，它的作用只是骚扰过路行人，而实际上却帮助窃贼入室行窃。在街上，汽车的防盗警报不断对我们吼叫，这是人们极度烦燥的一个原因，最近一个有关噪音的作用的调查（令人吃惊地）指出，夜间连续不断的狗叫声，在一个从1级至7级刻度表上应列为最严重的噪间污染。这个调查揭示了我们所不喜欢的大量的噪间的来源：夏天呜呜作响的割草机，公寓楼里深夜聚会的喧哗声，大声吵闹的邻居，各式各样的车辆，特别是穿越寂静的村庄的集装箱卡车，从头顶飞过的飞机和直升机，被带到公共场所、音量开到最大的大功率收音机。新技术也为噪音作了它的贡献。许多人都反对移动式电话，特别是在如饭店，公共交通车等公共场所使用移动电话。用移动电话大声交谈干扰我们的思路，破坏我们和朋友在一起轻声聊天所得到的乐趣。这个有关噪音的污染调查还揭示了一种出人意外而同时可能会引人意外而同时可能会引人发笑的老式噪音源。它竟然是鼾声。人类是这方面的罪魁祸首。调查指出，20%的35岁左右的男人打鼾；而到60岁这个年龄段，这个数字上升到令人惊愕的60%。与这些数字相比，只有5% 的女性经常打鼾；而其余则经常被与她们同睡、像吹号似地打着呼噜的男人吵醒或弄得睡不着。不管噪声来自何方，有一点是肯定的：看来寂静已变成一种珍贵的回忆。

【课文讲解】

背诵：Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet.

I was blamed for being late.

Losing health is the price he paid for his hard work./ (working hard/ over working )

come to ==get to

并列平行结构

There are some good ways to study English well.

listen, speak, read and write.

There are four good ways to study English: listening, speaking, reading and writering.

reuse it recyde it

背熟：We keep trying all four methods, but he sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us.

volume == amount

threaten to do

Eg: The coming earthquake threatens the village.

Dark clouds threaten a heavy storm. 乌去预示着有一场风暴。

The sun promises a good day.

It is possible...

背熟：The need to produce ever-increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution.

leads to

背熟：The price we pay for cheap food may be already too high

The price we pay is too high.

abandon 强调被迫放弃

organically-grown vegetable: 绿色蔬菜

every time: whenever

innocent (of) adj. 清白的，无辜的，无知的

Paragraph 3 (l.15)

noise

Paragraph 3 (l.15)

insidious 暗中为害的，阴险的

Burglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy passers-by and actually ( to ) assist burglars to burgle.

背熟：Car alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of profoundirritation.

Eg: Her husband earns a lot of money every mounth and he is a source of income. 他的丈夫每月能赚很多钱，这是他的一棵摇钱树。

背熟：The survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really dislike.

名词结构 （平行结构）

lawn mower 割草机

container trucks: 集装箱卡车

sources of noise

背熟：New technology has also made its own contribution to noise.

make contribution to 作出...... 的贡献

contribute to 引起，导致，是......的起因

Eg: Air pollution contributes to disease.

object to take object to

背熟：Loud conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or interrupt the pleasure of meeting friends for a quiet chat.

Eg: The air pollution survey revealed... 空气污染调查显示......

turn out: prove

offend:惹怒 offender 罪魁祸首

were found:客观描述

It is said...

It is revealed...

背熟：20% of mem in their mid-thirties

in their early thirties

背熟：Against these figures, it was found that ...

Comparing these figures, we found that...

背熟：are woken 被惊醒 / keep awake 不能入睡

比较：

Whatever the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it seems, has become a golden memory.

However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. （L44，ll28-29）

【Vocabulary 】P218

Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: dump(l.3); sheer volume (l.5); rubbish (l.5); leads to (l.8); dairy (l.11); abandon (l.11)organically-grown (l.12)

dump: drop completely

sheer volume: pure amount

rubbish: garbage

lead to: result in, cause; bring about

dairy: a place where milk is kept and milk product are made

abandon: give up

organically-grown: using farming or gardening methods without artificial chemicals or fertilizer

【Multiple choice questions】

Comprehension

1 ---- the sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide _____.

a. is heaped up like a great mountain

b. is spread over the world like a blanket

c. is already beyond our control

d. is like a tide that will rise and drown us

2 The root cause of pollution in agriculture is _____ .

a. the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers

b. the twin pressures to produce more food and at lower cost

c. the confloct between good hygiene and cheap meat production

d. the unrealistic price of organically-grown vegetables

背熟： The root cause of pollution in agriculture is the twin pressures to produce more food and at lower cost.

3 For most people, the most distressing form of noise pollution is _____ .

a. dogs barking all night b. people using mobile phones

c. heavy trucks in quiet villages d. noisy neighbours having parties

4 Snoring causes a severe noise problem for _____ .

a. young males in particular b. a majority of middle-aged men

c. women of all ages d. young women especially

背熟：Snoring causes a severe noise problem for women of all ages.

Structure

5 ---- there are only four ways _____ rubbish. (ll.2-3)

a. of dealing with b. which to deal with c. can be dealt with d. to be dealing with

6 We keep trying _____ methods.(l.5)

a. these all four b. of these all four c. all of these four d. all these of four

7 Burglar alarms _____ at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy.(ll.16-17)

a. that go off b. that are going off c. go off d. which going off

people traveling around the world quite often

8 A recent survey revealed that _____dogs barking incessantly" title="ad.不断地，不停地">incessantly in the night that we dislike most.(ll.18-19)

a. it is b. is c. there be d. there are

vocabulary 词汇

9 ★★★ New technology has also _____ in noise pollution. (l.23)

a. done its bit b. done a share c. played a role d. given its all

make contributio to 导致，造成了

play an important role / part in sth.

Eg: Reading plays an important role in our English study.

do its bit: 尽本份做应该做的

do a share: 做好份内工作

10 A lot of people _____ to mobile phones, especially in public places. (l.24)

a. except b. offend c. take exception d. take offence

take exception against

offernd 冒犯，触怒，使不舒服

take offence at sb. / sth.

11 背熟：The noise pollution survey _____ a rather surprising source of noise. (ll.26-27)

a. brought to light b. gave birth to c. came to be d. took the lid off

bring sth. to light

come to light

12 _____ these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore. (l.29)

a. Comparing with b. By comparison with c. In comparing d. In comparing with

by comparison

by comparison with sth.

【Key to Multiple choice questions】

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. B
关键字:新概念英语3册笔记
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