高中二年级英语学案
Units 7-8 (B2)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1.lack
(1)lack表示 “缺乏; 欠缺”之意时可作及物与不及物动词.作不及物动词时常与介词for连用.
例如:
I don’t seem to lack anything.
我好像什么也不缺.
They lacked for nothing.
他们什么都不缺.
(2)作为一个不及物动词, 用于 “缺乏或缺少”之意的lack, 主要和in一起用于现在分词.
例如:
You will not be
lacking in support from me.
你会得到我的帮助.
(3)lack作名词表示 “欠缺; 不足; 没有”时, 常为不可数名词, 后接介词of.
例如:
He cannot do the work for lack of skill.
由于缺乏技术, 他不能做这项工作.
(4)lack作名词表示 “缺少的东西; 需要的东西”时, 常为可数名词.
例如:
There has been a lack of rain and the ground is very dry.
此地缺少雨水, 地面非常干燥.
(5)习语: for (by, from, through) lack of因缺乏……
lack in在……缺少/不足
no lack of不缺乏; 很多.
supply the lack补缺
(6)同义词: need n需要
反义词: presence n存在
2.英语中的 “同源宾语”现象
英语中有少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语. 这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的. 这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语.
(1)常见的能带同源宾语的动词有: live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run 等.
例如:
Under the
leadership of the Party, the peasants are living a happy life.
在党的领导下., 农民过着幸福的生活.
I dreamed a terrible dream last night.
昨晚, 我做了一个噩梦.
Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.
去年八月份, 我们的战士在与洪水作斗争时, 打了一个漂亮仗.
(2)同源宾语前面可带形容词作定语. 这时, “动词+定语+同源宾语”的结构在意义上相当于 “动词+与定语意义相同的状语”. 二者相比, 前者语气更强一些.
例如:
We slept a comfortable sleep last night. =We slept
comfortably last night.
昨晚我睡得很舒服
Professor Smith died a sudden death last Wednesday. =Professor Smith died suddenly last
Wednesday.
史密斯教授上星期突然去世了.
[注意]同源宾语前通常带有不定冠词.
例如:
fight a good fight; breathe a deep breath; laugh a foolish laugh; smile a forced smile.
(3)同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时, 该同源宾语常常可以省去.
例如:
You should run your fastest (race).
你应该尽快地跑
The old man breathed his last (breath)this morning.
那位老人今天早晨停止呼吸, 撒手西去了.
二、词义辨析
1.英语中via, by way of, through三个词都可以表示 “经过; 经由;”, 区别如下:
2.(1)via这个词的词义是 “经过; 取道” (by way of). 常与travel, shipping等词连用.
例如:
Mr Wang is on his way to Hangzhou via Shanghai
王先生在经由上海前往杭州途中.
[注意]A. 美国人也常将其用于表示通过某种运送手段或交通工具的意思, 相当于by.
例如:
You are going via car or railroad?
你打算乘汽车还是坐火车去.
这种用法在美国用于正式的场合.
例如:
Via Air Mail (航空邮递; 英国人则用By Air Mail).
B.此外, 美国人还把via作为 “用”的意思使用; 相当于by means of.
例如:
An American officer pleaded
vainly with him via radio to turn back.
一个美国军官用无线电向他恳求要他回来; 但没有结果.
(2)by way of等于via, 意思也是 “经由; 经过”(using a route through), 二者常可以互换.
例如:
He went to Hangzhou by way of Shanghai,
他经由上海前往杭州.
By way of其他常用的意思如下:
A.表示 “当作”, 相当于as. 例如:
Fred was employed by way of experiment
弗雷斯是作为试用而雇佣的.
B.表示 “作为, 为了”, 即for the purpose of, with the
intention of..
例如:
We make inquiries by way of
learning the facts of the case.
我们为了了解事情的真相而进行探询.
I called on him by way of returning compliments.
作为回访, 我拜访了他.
C.表示 “有……的习惯”, 即in the habit of…..
例如:
The Greens were by way of luring me away from my duty.
格林一家惯于引诱我离开职守.
(3)through的意思是 “通过”, 在乘坐火车, 轮船且全线不换车船时用.
例如:
He went to Hangzhou through Shanghai.
他途径上海直达杭州
3.proper, fit suitable和appropriate的区别
这几个词语都有 “合适的; 恰当的”意思.
(1)fit是常用词, 指 “能适合某些条件, 环境, 目的 或要求的”, 有 “吻合的”含义.
例如:
The dress is not fit to wear.
这衣服不适合穿.
(2)suitable指 “符合某时或某一环境下的要求或需要的”.
例如:
The shoes are
suitable to travel.
这鞋适于旅游.
(3)proper指 “正当的; 正确的”.
例如:
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
用适当的词填空.
(4)appropriate指 “恰如其分的”, 比fit和suitable有更强的正面意义.
例如:
His
quotation from Shakespeare is appropriate.
他引用沙士比亚的话恰如其分的.
三、重点句型
1.If we were to get hurt
trying to save someon
生词表: