Unit 8 First aid
Words and expressions:
1. aid n (1)帮助；援助 first aid 急救
(2)帮助者；有帮助的事物
An English-Chinese Dictionary is an important aid in learning the English.
一本英汉词典是学习英语的重要工具。
习惯用语 in aid of 支持，援助
raising fund in aid of the sick 募捐帮助病人
what's it all in aid of? 这是为了什么目的？
aid vt 帮助；援助 I aided him with money. 我资助了他。
用法
help,assist,aid这组动词同义词的相应名词分别为 help (helper)，assistance(assistant), aid, 它们都有“帮助”的意思。
（1）help和另外两个词的差别在于，help 含有比较强的“目的”意义。如果你失眠，服安眠药则有助于你入睡，这里包含着目的
A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs.
片刻之前，我妹妹帮我把我的一只旧书橱抬上了楼。
May I help you to some more meat? 让我再给你一些肉好吗？
…but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain.……
但是他光忙着捞金刚石，顾不上感到疼痛了。
（2）assist从词源学角度讲，是“站在旁边”的意思，它清楚地包含着这种帮助只起着次要的作用
He assisted the professor in compiling the dictionary. 他帮助那位教授编了那本词典。
The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.
接待她的那个店员不喜欢她的打扮。
（3）aid含有接受帮助者因为弱小而需要帮助的意思。
The Red Cross often aids flood victims. 红十字会常常帮助受水灾的难民。
2. drown vt. , vi (1)把...淹死 (2)使湿透; 淹没; 浸湿 (3)消除(忧愁等); 解(闷) (4)使沉溺于; 使迷恋(in) (5)搀淡; 冲淡(饮料等); (加水)化开(生石灰); 往...里加太多的水
be [get] drowned淹死, 溺死; drown oneself投水(自杀); eyes drowned in tears泪汪汪的眼晴
drown one's cares in wine以酒解忧; be drowned in fishing对钓鱼入迷了
The cheers of the audience drowned the professor's voice.
听众的欢呼声淹没了这位教授的声音。
Don't drown my whisky. 不要在我的威士忌酒里加太多的水。
3. choke vi, vt choked, choking (1)使窒息；闷死；使不能呼吸
The smoke from the stove almost choked me.炉子里发出的烟呛得我几乎透不过气来。
The madman choked his own child to death.疯子把他自己的孩子掐死了。
(2)塞住；堵塞；阻塞 The pipe was choked by cotton. 管子被棉花堵住了。
(3)（常与back连用）抑制，忍住（怒气、眼泪等）
4. witness n. (1)(=eyewitness)目击者; (在法庭上经过宣誓的)证人 (2)[主要用于give witness, bear witness]证据, 证明; 证词 (3)[常省略定冠词]【律】连署人, 证人
a witness of the accident 事件的目击者;
These facts are a witness to his carelessness.这些事实证明了他的粗心。
She gave witness on behalf of the accused person.她替被告作证。
Witness vt. (1)亲眼看见, 目睹 (2)连署, 签名作证 (3)表明, 显示 (4)证明 (5)经历
She witnessed the accident.她亲眼看见该事故。
They witnessed the will.他们在遗嘱上连署。
Her blush witnessed her agitation.她脸红表示了她的激动。
None could witness that he was present.没有人能证明他在场。
He has witnessed many battles.他经历过多次战争。
5. calm vt. 使镇定, 使平静 The mother calmed her child. 母亲使孩子安静下来。
Calm vi. 镇定下来, 平静下来
The crying child soon calmed down.哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下来。
Calm adj 平静的
The sea was calm after the storm. 经过这场风暴后，大海平静下来了。
After the storm it became calm again.暴风雨过后,天气又恢复平静无风。
The sea was calm at the beginning of our voyage.我们出海时,海上风平浪静。
He was calm when I told him the bad news. 当我告诉他这个坏消息时，他很平静。
同义词 calm ，silent， quiet， still 都含 “平静的”意思。
calm主要用于气候、海洋“ 风平浪静的”, 也可指人表示“安静的”、“镇静的”, 如:
The sky is blue, and the sea is calm.天空碧兰, 海上风平浪静。
Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice.
虽然她害怕, 但还是用平静的声音回答。
quiet 指“没有吵闹声的”、“ 没有噪音的”,它强调“声音很低、很少”或“全然无声”, 如:
He had a quiet life.他过着宁静的生活。
still 指“没声音的”、“没动静的”, 常与躺（lie）、坐(sit)、站(stand)、保持(keep/remain)等静态动词连用, 如: the still hours before dawn 黎明前的寂静时刻。
The students sat still, listening to the teacher. 学生们一动不动地坐着听老师讲课。
silent 主要用于人，指人不说话、不作声、沉默不语。
Do you know when to keep silent? 你知道何时保持沉默吗？
考题 1. We must be __________ before danger. (A)
A. calm B. quiet C. still D. silent
2. The library permits________ talking. (B)
A. calm B. quiet C. still D. silent
6. panic n. 恐慌, 惊慌; 经济上的大恐慌
be in a panic在惊慌中; be seized with a panic惊慌失措; get up a panic 引起惊慌
cause a panic 引起恐慌
vi. 惊慌, 害怕 panic over sth. 对某事感到惊慌
The crowd paniced at the sound of the guns. 人们听到枪声感到惊慌。
7. conscious adj (1)有意识的；神志清醒的 (2)了解的；察觉的
He is hurt but still conscious. 他受了伤，不过神志还清醒。
She was not conscious of his pre
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