浅析分词热点考题及对应策略
请看此题，
The storm left，______ a lot of damage to this area．
A．caused B．to have caused
C．to cause D．having caused
本题考查的是现在分词作结果状语。该题意为：暴风雨过后，给这一地区造成了巨大的损失。本句的谓语动词1eft为过去式，意指在暴风雨停止之前已造成巨大损失，表示cause这一动作发生在1eave之前，故此选D项。
顺便在这里说说分词的用法和常考点。分词主要起着形容词与副词的作用，高考侧重考查状语功能、定语功能、宾语补足语功能和独立主格结构的有关用法。
一、分词的状语功能
1．The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_______ that he had enjoyed his stay here．
A．having added B．to add C．adding D．added
2．European football is played in 80 countries _______ it the most popular sport in the world．
A．making B．makes C．made D．to make
解析1：C。这里“补充”为伴随性动作，也是一个主动性动作，应用现在分词作伴随状语。
解析2：A。该句表示：欧式足球运动在八十个国家开展的结果是，它使欧式足球成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动。显然应用现在分词作结果状语。
小结：分词可作时间、条件、结果、原因、伴随等状语，现在分词作状语，表示主动或进行的动作，过去分词状语表示被动或完成的动作，此时分词的逻辑主语是主句的主语，应注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
二、分词的定语功能
3．Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa．
A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．had been invited
4．The computer center，_______ last year，is very popular among the students in this school．
A．open B．opening C．having opened D．opened
解析3：A。客人是已被邀请参加晚会的，所以应用过去分词作定语，表示完成了的动作和主谓之间的被动语态关系。
解析4：D。电脑中心是去年(被)开张的，既是完成又是被动的动作，应用过去分词作定语。
小结：现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作或主动的动作，过去分词作定语
表示完成了的或被动动作，此时可换成相应的定语从句。
三、分词的宾语补足语功能
5．Soon they could see steam _______ from the wet clothes．
A．rise B．rising C．risen D．be rising
6．They knew her very well．They had seen her_______ up from childhood．
A．grow B．grew C．was growing D．to grow
解析5：B。该空表示水蒸气正从衣服上升起，应用现在分词作补足语，表示动作正在进行。
解析6：A。该句强调她已长大成人，而不强调她正在成长，应用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。特别提醒：不定式作宾补的意义不同于作其他成分，表示完成或将要做的动作。
小结：分词常作宾语补足语，其中现在分词表示正在进行的或主动的动作，过去分词表示完成了或被动的动作。
四、分词的独立主格结构
7．The murderer was brought in，with his hands _______ be hind his back．
A．being B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied
8．With his lips still _______ ，he couldn’t say a word．
A．trembling B．tremble C．to tremble D．to be trembling
解析7：D。凶手的双手一定是被绑在背后，应用过去分词构成的独立主格结构作伴随状语，表示被动动作。
解析8：A。他说不出话的原因是因为他的嘴唇仍在颤抖，应用现在分词的独立主格结构作原因状语，表示动作自主发出并正在进行。
小结：分词的独立性结构就是指带有分词逻辑主语的结构，在句中可作时间、条件、原因、伴随等状语，其逻辑主语前边也可加上介词，其中现在分词仍表示进行的动作或主动的动作，过去分词仍表示完成了或被动的动作。


同步练习
1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _______ the girl and took her away, _______ into the woods.
A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing
3. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
4. Though _____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
5. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
6. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
7. The bell ______ the end of the period rang, ______ our heated discussion.
A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting
C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted
8. ______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered B. Suffering
C. Having suffered D. Being suffered information.
9. He sent me an E-mail, ______ to get further information.
A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
10. The ______ boy was last seen_______ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing B. missing; play
C. missed; played D. missed; to play
11. The picture ______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs
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