高考英语书面表达突破训练材料
Part A 写作基本理论 ① 对英语句子的认识
意义：英语的句式与中文的不同。我们在学习英语的时候要注意到这一点。有的同学在学习中对此没有足够的认识，常常受中文的干扰。在写作中表现出不能写出正确的句子。
I. 什么是句子？
长的是句子，短的是词。×
√ 无论字数多少，只要有主语和谓语（动词），而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个句子。
I am tired.
Pressing one's palm together and resting one's head on the back of one's hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means "I am tired."（双手合拢，闭上眼，把头靠在手背上像睡觉的样子，意思是说"我累了。"）
这两个句子都具备了主语和谓语。都是完整的句子。要记住：在英语中，一个句子必须且只能有一个谓语。
1. 省略主语的句子
Come in, please. (You)
Open the door.
Sit down.
Stand up.
What a day! (What a terrible day it is!)
2. 一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。
典型错误：
1) The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.
∟
2) I enjoy talk with him over a cup of coffee.
∟
3) The boy ran to his mother cry.
∟
4) After write the notice, he put it up on the wall.
∟
3. 不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语, 或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。
典型错误：
1） 1） Those who eat too much will easily ill.
∟
2) When he walking in the park, he felt a little tired.
∟
3）When I at school, I studied very hard.
∟
II. Practice: 判断以下是否是句子。
1. Birds can fly
2. The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday
3. Wait for me at the station
4. If you know how to play with words to make people laugh
5. A way of saying "I'm sorry" 6. Patting the stomach before a meal
7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store.
8. To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home
9. If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air, take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer space
III. 常见的句子结构
由于英语动词种类的不同，构成了不同的句子类型。和中文不同的是，英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。表达同一个意思时，有的是及物动词，有的就是不及物动词。如：表示"听" 这个意义时，listen 是不及物动词；hear是及物动词。表示 "看" 这个意义时，look是不及物动词，see, watch和 notice就是及物动词。表示 "到达"，arrive是不及物动词，reach是及物动词。不及物动词是不能接宾语的。只能加上一个介词，才能接宾语。如：listen to, look at, arrive in等等。
1. 主语 + 不及物动词
e.g. He came in.
The airplane from Hong Kong arrived at four p.m.
On his arrival he went straight to the counter.
To catch up with others, you'd better work harder.
How did the accident occur?
In July, the ship set out for the Pacific.
Australia has changed a lot in the past forty years.
They lived by hunting animals, birds and fish.
2. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
常见的系动词有：be, seem, appear, become, go, get, grow, turn,
look, sound, feel, taste, smell
e.g. She is very happy. (×She very happy.)
I am a student.
He became nervous when thinking of stealing.
It is impossible to find a shop that is open after 5 p.m. in this area.
We are proud of our friends.
To become a top gymnast, it is important to start when very young.
It's much cheaper to camp than to stay in a hotel.
It is useless trying to argue with him.
I got caught in the traffic.
Just then, the traffic light turned red.
He seemed to have misunderstood you.
3. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
e.g. We learn English at school.
He wondered whether Bill had managed to escape.
I didn't mean to be so rude.
Most people here earn their living by farming.
We will send these goods to the flooded area.
You must keep your word.
I took some photos of some beautiful actress.
I hope that one day I shall be able to repay you.
被动：English is learnt at school.
These goods will be sent to the flooded area.
4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
有些动词需要接两个宾语。间接宾语一般由人担任，直接宾语一般由物担任。
give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,cost
make, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。
e.g. My brother gave me a book.
Who sent you the computer?
My mother would read me a story before I went to bed.
I won't tell you anything about it.
Can you sing us an English song?
Pass me the newspaper, please.
这样的句子变为被动时可根据需要，将任何一个宾语作为句子的主语。
e.g. I was given a book.
A book was given to me.
5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
e.g. Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay this money.
The growth in population made New York the largest city in the USA.
Do you think it possible to finish it in one day?
We are making our country more and more beautiful.
【模拟试题】
改错练习：
1. Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you.
2. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.
3. Listen! Someone knocking at the door.
4. He told me don't call him before 9 o'clock.
5. Does your parents allow you make your own decision?
6. Although it is only August, but the weather is getting worse daily.
7. Because the professor had fallen ill, so he was not able to be present at the conference.
8. In Japan, a person sees the "OK" gesture may think it means money.
9. When I past his room, I heard him singing an English song.
Part B写作必备素材 ① 叙事类
外出活动、欣赏美景(日记)
We decided to go out for a picnic.
I had a pleasant outing with some of my classmates today.
Early in the morning, we set off for the farm for a visit.
When we reached the farm, we were given a warm welcome.
They showed us around the farm(We were shown around the farm) , where we saw many kinds of plants.
We caught sight of a stream with green grass and beautiful flowers on both sides.
We were completely amazed at the wonder and the greatness of nature.(我们完全被大自然的奇妙和伟大折服了)
We jumped and shouted like innocent (天真的) children.
Once on the top of the hill/The moment we got to the top of the hill, we were deeply struck/attracted by the beautiful scenery.
How we enjoyed the beautiful views from the top !
After being divided into groups, we set to work at once.
Some of us were getting water, some (were) cutting the meat and vegetables, and others (were) sitting on the grass enjoying music.
Birds were singing sweetly in the trees and butterflies were dancing gracefully in the garden/fields.
When lunch time came, we sat on the grassland, eating and drinking happily.
The meal was so delicious that we enjoyed it very much.
We sang and danced together to the music.
Three hours had passed before we knew it.
The time passed quickly before we knew it.
It was time for us to go back when the sun started to go down.
I spent the whole afternoon with our cousins, enjoying the fine scenery and fresh air in the country.
At about four o'clock in the afternoon, we said goodbye to them
At four o'clock in the afternoon we had to return.
They came out to see us until we disappeared in the distance.
On the way back, we were laughing and talking all the time.
What a wonderful weekend we had!
We enjoyed ourselves very much.
Through these out-of class activities we can learn a lot of things that can't be learned in class.
Although we were tired, we felt very happy. I think it's our duty to cover our country with green.
②．近年来高考英语书面表达中的复杂高级句
1. We can pay a visit to the museum, study computer and painting and many other things.
2. We can watch news programs on TV, read books or newspapers in the evening.
3. I used to attend classes at school and deal with our homework in the day time.
4. I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes.
5. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.
6. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road.
7. On the other side, where the playground used to be now stands another new building-our library.
8. At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine.
9. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes or stories.
10. Then the head of the farm showed us around the farm.
11. The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.
12. My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind.
13. Hope you don't have to wait as long as we did.
14. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.
15. The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer.
16. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition.
17. After you enter the park by the main gate, walk straight on till you come to a stream. Cross the stream and turn right. After walking for a while you'll come to a hill. Walk round to the other side of the hill. Then you'll see a lake.
18. I have an announcement to make.
19. The students union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, August 15, to welcome our friends from the United States.
20. Remember to wrap up the small gift, sign your name and write a few words of good
wishes.
21. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchange of gift.
22. One day my parents went to work in the fields taking my little sister and Ah Fu along.
23. She was trying to pick a flower when she fell into the river.
24. They saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister.
25. At eight he became a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province.
26. He studied hard at school and trained hard for five years before he came to the national team.
27. It was pretty hard on the children of the village who had to go to school in other villages which were all far away.
28. The teachers had finished middle school education before they returned to teach here.
29. The pupils are divided into five different classes, in which six subjects are taught.
30. Education is free for all children in the village.
31. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees.
32. They believe a public park should be free of charge.
33. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.
34. 40% of the students think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay
gardeners and workers, and to buy plants and young trees.
35. They suggest fees should be charged low.
Part C 高考写作基本功训练 （词组部分）
1. 给某人让座 2. 跳到地上/桌上 3. 下了一整天雨
4. 听到呼救声 5. 把...带到安全地带 6. 向某人道歉
7. 给某人提建议 8. 得到好的治疗 9. 接受某人的建议
10. 加入球队/俱乐部/小组/委员会/公司 11. 向某人解释...
12. 治愈某人的病 13. 匆忙赶往医院/学校/邮局/派出所/火车站/汽车站/飞机场
14. 提出付100元钱 15. 收100元钱 16. 付100元钱
17. 打车 18. 浑身湿透了 19. 下载文件
20. 外出钓鱼/爬山/郊游/游泳/划船/野营 21. 转身离开
22. 陷入沉思 23. 返回取某物 24. 走过去看一看发生了什么
25. 与某人同住一间房间/同打一把伞/同玩一件玩具/同一志趣
26. 对某人大声喊叫 27. 使劲移开那块大石头 28. 背着一个沉重的包
29. 去吃饭/开会/晚会/观光/聚会 30. 背负沉重的课业负担
31. 约某人 32. 顺道拜访某人 33. 看家
34. 跑过去搀扶盲人/老人 35. 等候某人吃饭/开会/回家 36. 下车
37. 站在门口 38. 坐在窗前 39. 靠在墙上/树上
40. 逆风而行 41. 下大雨/大雪 42. 刮大风
43. 起雾 44. 熟睡 45. 举手
46. 步行回家/开车回家/乘车回家/骑车回家 47. 突然停止
48. 把某人救到河岸上 49. 结束 50. 为某人喝彩
写作基本功训练 （汉译英部分）
1．休息片刻后，我们就开始唱歌、跳舞、讲故事、说笑话，玩得可开心了。
2．在一家商店旁，有位妇女正在买冰激凌，这时有个小伙子从她身后抢了她的手提包就跑。
3．我校历年毕业的学生中有不少人成了教授、工程师、记者以及其他领域的专家。
4．不论我今年是否能考上大学，我都要努力学习。
5．他告诉我看电影不但是一种休息，而且有助于增加知识，并获得更多的科技信息。
6．他们建议应收门票，但票价不宜太高。
7．我认为人口的增长应当得到控制，从而使我们未来的家园更加美好。
8．谨致以良好的祝愿，并代我问候你全家人好。
9．我相信你们定会度过又一个难忘的旅游日。
10．村里的孩子们在本村上小学都是免费的。
11．近年来我们的城市新建了不少的工厂，住房和街道。
12．很高兴收到你的来信，我将写信告诉你我校的情况。
13．午餐时，我们同祝爷爷生日快乐！
14．欢迎大家届时光临。
１５． 说你与贵班同学都在学汉语，我真的很高兴。
１６． 规划的目的是使我们的学校变得更漂亮，让空气更清新，让我们的学校变成更有利于我们学习、生活的好地方。
１７． 我业余时间喜欢集邮，听音乐。
１８． 这时，我看见一辆黄色的轿车驶上了Third street, 一个右转弯上了Park Road.
１９． 或许你们不会像我们刚才那样等很久。
２０． 通过此事我认识到每个人都有自己的长处，无论才能大小都会成为有用之才。
Part D 十年高考英语写作真题及范文写作、分析、总结、背诵、默写
(NMET 1995-NMET 2006)
NMET 1995
假定你是李华。你和几个朋友约定星期天在人民公园野餐(to have a picnic)。你们的英国朋友Peter也应邀参加。请你根据下面的示意图，给他写封短信，告诉他进公园后如何找到你们。
注意：1.词数80─100。2.开头语已为你写好。
NMET 1996
你是李华，申请到一家外资企业工作。对方要求你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己的基本情况。
Part E 书面表达周周练
EX. 1 :
作为中学生，你肯定经历过多次考试，体验过成功，也遭遇过失败。请你根据提示内容，简要概述中学生中普遍存在的对考试失败的两种态度，并结合自身实际，说明你的观点。
消极态度 积极态度 你的结论
当考试结果不尽人意时，情绪低落，丧失信心，不再继续努力 当考试失败时，------ ......
要求；1．题目自拟；
2．词数：100-120。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
EX. 2 :
假定你是张峰，一家英文报社邀请你调查一下中学生对网络使用的情况，并依据调查写一篇报道。请根据下表提供的信息，对你的调查作简要介绍，发给报社。
主要用途 出现的问题
1、 阅读国内外新闻，学习英语
2、发e-mail，欣赏音乐，看电影，玩游戏等
3、网上购物 1) 过多的在网上玩游戏，浪费了时间，影响了学业
2）浏览不健康信息，对身心有害
注意：1、词数：100左右 2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
3、文章开头已给出
As we all know, the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
Part A
对英语句子的认识
2. 一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。
典型错误：
1) The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.
∟The old man likes to take a walk in the village after supper.
2) I enjoy talk with him over a cup of coffee.
∟I enjoy talking with him over a cup of coffee.
3) The boy ran to his mother cry.
∟The boy ran to his mother crying.
4) After write the notice, he put it up on the wall.
∟ After writing the notice, he put it up on the wall.
After he wrote the notice, he put it up on the wall.
3. 不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语, 或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。
如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。
典型错误：
2） 1） Those who eat too much will easily ill.
∟Those who eat too much will easily get ill.
2) When he walking in the park, he felt a little tired.
∟When he was walking in the park, he felt a little tired.
3）When I at school, I studied very hard.
∟When I was at school, I studied very hard.
II. Practice: 判断以下是否是句子。
1. Birds can fly 是
2. The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday 不是
3. Wait for me at the station 是
4. If you know how to play with words to make people laugh不是
5. A way of saying "I'm sorry" 不是
6. Patting the stomach before a meal不是
7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store. 是
8. To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home不是
9. If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air, take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer space不是
【模拟试题】
改错练习：
1. Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you.
2. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.
3. Listen! Someone knocking at the door.
4. He told me don't call him before 9 o'clock.
5. Does your parents allow you make your own decision?
6. Although it is only August, but the weather is getting worse daily.
7. Because the professor had fallen ill, so he was not able to be present at the conference.
8. In Japan, a person sees the "OK" gesture may think it means money.
9. When I past his room, I heard him singing an English song.
【试题答案】
1. listen→hear 2. 去掉been 3. Ù knocking → is knocking
4. don't → not to 5. Ù make →to make 6. 去掉but
7. 去掉so 8. Ù sees→who sees
9. past → passed或 Ù past → walked past
基本功训练
词组翻译参考答案
1. give / offer one's seat to sb 2. jump onto the ground/ table
3. keep on raining all the day 4. hear a cry/shout for help
5. carry sb to safety 6. apologize to sb for sth/doing sth
7. give sb some advice on sth 8. get good treatment
9. take/follow one's advice 10. join a team/club/group/committee/company
11. explain sth to sb (explain to sb that ...) 12. cure sb of a certain illness
13. hurry to the hospital/school/post office/police station/railway station/bus stop/airport
14. offer to pay 100dollars 15. charge/ take 100 dollars
16. pay 100 dollars(pay the bill) 17. hire/get/call for a taxi (to take sb to ...)
18. be wet all over/ be wet through 19. download the papers
20. go fishing/outing/climbing/boating/swimming/camping
21. turn away 22. be lost in thought
23. turn back to get sth / for sth 24. come /go up to see what happens
25. share a room/an umbrella/a toy/the same interests with sb
26. shout to sb in a loud voice 27. gather all one's strength to remove the big stone
28. bear a heavy bag 29. go for a dinner/meeting/party/visit/get-together
30. be heavily burdened with homework 31. call for sb
32. drop in on sb 33. mind one's house
34. run over to support the old man 35. wait for sb to have dinner/a meeting/ come home
36. get off the bus/ get out of the car 37. be stationed by the door/stand by the door
38. be seated by the window 39. lean against the wall/tree
40. walk/run/swim/ride/drive/move on against the wind
41. rain hard/snow hard/wind hard 42. come to one's rescue
43. express one's hearty thanks to sb 44. fall sound asleep
45. raise one's hand 46. walk/ride/drive/take a bus home
47. come to a stop 48. push sb to the river bank
49. come to an end/ put sth to an end 50. cheer for sb
51. call at/drop in at one's house 52. come to light/ come out
53. reach for sth/hold out one's hand for sth 54. catch/seize sb by the arm/hand/collar
55. ask about what is the matter
56. pass the post office/park/market/square/cinema/stadium/school/hospital/hotel/theater/railway
station/shopping mall/concert hall
57. refer to the dictionary / look up the telephone number/one's address/ web address
58. receive sb warmly/kindly 59. take sth seriously / be careful with sth
60. be careful of sth 61. be strict with sb
62. be strict in sth 63. meet sb at the railway station/ airport
64. pick sb up by the roadside 65. stop the thief/catch the thief
66. go /walk straight ahead 67. wash sth away
68. ruin the holiday/one's heart 69. make a quick turn
70. treat sb to coffee/tea/a meal (invite sb to dinner) 71. draw sth out of the pocket
72. empty the cupboard/drawer 73. think hard/twice
74. do the thorough cleaning 75. look behind/around/up and down
76. light a candle/lamp 77. make a fire
78. turn on the light/radio/TV 79. switch off the tap/light/gas
80. shake hands with sb 81. give sb a hand with ...
82. hold one's head high 83. cross the road/street/river/bridge
84. clear up/tidy up/do up the room 85. do up one's shoes/buttons
86. get along/come along well with sb 87. wipe off one's sweat
88. organize the out-of-class activities 89. take part in the social practice
90. receive a telephone call from sb 91. get through the composition
92. struggle in the middle of the river 93. get the first place in ...
94. get 1,000 dollars as a reward 95. have a heart-to-heart talk with sb / a word with sb
96. arrive at the spot 97. leave without saying good-bye
98. get in/harvest crops/wheat/rice 99. argue with sb about sth
100. set sth free to nature
句子汉译英参考答案:
1. After a short rese, we began to sing and dance, tell stories and jokes. We had a good time.
2. At shop, a woman was buying an ice-cream when a young man behind her snatched her handbag and ran away.
3、Many of the graduates from our school have become professors, engineers, journalists and experts of other fields.
4、I shall study hard, whether I can go to college this year or not.
5、He told me that seeing a film is not only a rest but also helps (to) increase one's knowledge and information.
6、They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
7、I believe that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we'll have a better hometown in future.
8、With best wishes. And please remember me to your family.
9、I'm sure you will have another unforgettable touring day.
10、Education is free for all the children learning in the village school.
11、New factories, houses and roads have been built up in our city.
12、I was so pleased to hear from you and I am writing to tell you something about our school.
13、At the lunch table, we wished Grandpa "Happy birthday".
14、You're welcome to the party on time.
15、I'm really so pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese.
16、The purposes of the program are to make our school more beautiful, to make the air cleaner and fresher, and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in.
17、I am fond of collecting stamps and listening to music in my spare time.
18、Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road.
19、Maybe you won't have to wait so long as we did just now.
20、From this matter I come to realize that everyone has his strong points and will become helpful persons, whether with great or minor talents.
Part D 历届书面表达真题参考范文
June lst,1995
Dear Peter,
We're so gald you're coming to join us on Sunday. Here is how you can find us. We'll have our picnic in the People's Park. You know where that is, don't you? After you enter the park by the main gate, walk straight on till you come to a stream. Cross the stream and turn right. After walking for a while you'll come to a hill. Walk around to the other side of the hill. There you'll see a lake. We'll have our picnic there in the small woods by the lake. I'm sure you'll have no trouble finding us. Do come!
My name is Li Hua. I was born in Dalian, Liaoning province in February 1977. I started school in 1984 when I was seven. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. After that I went to No.62 Middle School of Dalian and graduated this summer. The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer.I like English and computer best and I am very good at them. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps. My favourite sports are swimming in summer and skating in winter.
Part E 书面表达周周练参考范文
Failure is the mother of success
We middle school students have had many tests or exams. We have both achieved success and suffered from failure. Different students take different attitudes to failure. Some fall in low spirits when they don't do well in the exams. They usually lose heart and no longer study as before. But most students take an active attitude towards failure. They encourage themselves to be serf-confident. They encourage themselves to be serf-confident. They found out and analyze the causese so that they will no longer make similar mistakes. I agree with those with active attitudes. As we all know, failure is the mother of success. Even great men have failed many times before they succeeded. So we must deal with our failure correctly.
As we all know, the Interent is playing an important part in our daily life. We often read new at home and abroad and learn forcing languages by ourselves on the Internet. Sometimes we send e-mails to our families as well as our friends, Besides, we listen to music. cnjoy films and play computer games on it. We can even do shopping without leaving our homes.
However, it has its disadvantages. Many students waste too much time playing the electronic games, which has a bad effect on their studies. What's worse, the bad information on the Internet does great harm to them. I hope every student can make use of the Internet properly for their studies.
关键字:高中英语作文
生词表:
Part A 写作基本理论 ① 对英语句子的认识
意义：英语的句式与中文的不同。我们在学习英语的时候要注意到这一点。有的同学在学习中对此没有足够的认识，常常受中文的干扰。在写作中表现出不能写出正确的句子。
I. 什么是句子？
长的是句子，短的是词。×
√ 无论字数多少，只要有主语和谓语（动词），而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个句子。
I am tired.
Pressing one's palm together and resting one's head on the back of one's hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means "I am tired."（双手合拢，闭上眼，把头靠在手背上像睡觉的样子，意思是说"我累了。"）
这两个句子都具备了主语和谓语。都是完整的句子。要记住：在英语中，一个句子必须且只能有一个谓语。
1. 省略主语的句子
Come in, please. (You)
Open the door.
Sit down.
Stand up.
What a day! (What a terrible day it is!)
2. 一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。
典型错误：
1) The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.
∟
2) I enjoy talk with him over a cup of coffee.
∟
3) The boy ran to his mother cry.
∟
4) After write the notice, he put it up on the wall.
∟
3. 不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语, 或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。
典型错误：
1） 1） Those who eat too much will easily ill.
∟
2) When he walking in the park, he felt a little tired.
∟
3）When I at school, I studied very hard.
∟
II. Practice: 判断以下是否是句子。
1. Birds can fly
2. The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday
3. Wait for me at the station
4. If you know how to play with words to make people laugh
5. A way of saying "I'm sorry" 6. Patting the stomach before a meal
7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store.
8. To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home
9. If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air, take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer space
III. 常见的句子结构
由于英语动词种类的不同，构成了不同的句子类型。和中文不同的是，英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。表达同一个意思时，有的是及物动词，有的就是不及物动词。如：表示"听" 这个意义时，listen 是不及物动词；hear是及物动词。表示 "看" 这个意义时，look是不及物动词，see, watch和 notice就是及物动词。表示 "到达"，arrive是不及物动词，reach是及物动词。不及物动词是不能接宾语的。只能加上一个介词，才能接宾语。如：listen to, look at, arrive in等等。
1. 主语 + 不及物动词
e.g. He came in.
The airplane from Hong Kong arrived at four p.m.
On his arrival he went straight to the counter.
To catch up with others, you'd better work harder.
How did the accident occur?
In July, the ship set out for the Pacific.
Australia has changed a lot in the past forty years.
They lived by hunting animals, birds and fish.
2. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
常见的系动词有：be, seem, appear, become, go, get, grow, turn,
look, sound, feel, taste, smell
e.g. She is very happy. (×She very happy.)
I am a student.
He became nervous when thinking of stealing.
It is impossible to find a shop that is open after 5 p.m. in this area.
We are proud of our friends.
To become a top gymnast, it is important to start when very young.
It's much cheaper to camp than to stay in a hotel.
It is useless trying to argue with him.
I got caught in the traffic.
Just then, the traffic light turned red.
He seemed to have misunderstood you.
3. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
e.g. We learn English at school.
He wondered whether Bill had managed to escape.
I didn't mean to be so rude.
Most people here earn their living by farming.
We will send these goods to the flooded area.
You must keep your word.
I took some photos of some beautiful actress.
I hope that one day I shall be able to repay you.
被动：English is learnt at school.
These goods will be sent to the flooded area.
4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
有些动词需要接两个宾语。间接宾语一般由人担任，直接宾语一般由物担任。
give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,cost
make, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。
e.g. My brother gave me a book.
Who sent you the computer?
My mother would read me a story before I went to bed.
I won't tell you anything about it.
Can you sing us an English song?
Pass me the newspaper, please.
这样的句子变为被动时可根据需要，将任何一个宾语作为句子的主语。
e.g. I was given a book.
A book was given to me.
5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
e.g. Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay this money.
The growth in population made New York the largest city in the USA.
Do you think it possible to finish it in one day?
We are making our country more and more beautiful.
【模拟试题】
改错练习：
1. Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you.
2. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.
3. Listen! Someone knocking at the door.
4. He told me don't call him before 9 o'clock.
5. Does your parents allow you make your own decision?
6. Although it is only August, but the weather is getting worse daily.
7. Because the professor had fallen ill, so he was not able to be present at the conference.
8. In Japan, a person sees the "OK" gesture may think it means money.
9. When I past his room, I heard him singing an English song.
Part B写作必备素材 ① 叙事类
外出活动、欣赏美景(日记)
We decided to go out for a picnic.
I had a pleasant outing with some of my classmates today.
Early in the morning, we set off for the farm for a visit.
When we reached the farm, we were given a warm welcome.
They showed us around the farm(We were shown around the farm) , where we saw many kinds of plants.
We caught sight of a stream with green grass and beautiful flowers on both sides.
We were completely amazed at the wonder and the greatness of nature.(我们完全被大自然的奇妙和伟大折服了)
We jumped and shouted like innocent (天真的) children.
Once on the top of the hill/The moment we got to the top of the hill, we were deeply struck/attracted by the beautiful scenery.
How we enjoyed the beautiful views from the top !
After being divided into groups, we set to work at once.
Some of us were getting water, some (were) cutting the meat and vegetables, and others (were) sitting on the grass enjoying music.
Birds were singing sweetly in the trees and butterflies were dancing gracefully in the garden/fields.
When lunch time came, we sat on the grassland, eating and drinking happily.
The meal was so delicious that we enjoyed it very much.
We sang and danced together to the music.
Three hours had passed before we knew it.
The time passed quickly before we knew it.
It was time for us to go back when the sun started to go down.
I spent the whole afternoon with our cousins, enjoying the fine scenery and fresh air in the country.
At about four o'clock in the afternoon, we said goodbye to them
At four o'clock in the afternoon we had to return.
They came out to see us until we disappeared in the distance.
On the way back, we were laughing and talking all the time.
What a wonderful weekend we had!
We enjoyed ourselves very much.
Through these out-of class activities we can learn a lot of things that can't be learned in class.
Although we were tired, we felt very happy. I think it's our duty to cover our country with green.
②．近年来高考英语书面表达中的复杂高级句
1. We can pay a visit to the museum, study computer and painting and many other things.
2. We can watch news programs on TV, read books or newspapers in the evening.
3. I used to attend classes at school and deal with our homework in the day time.
4. I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes.
5. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street.
6. The next moment the car hit the man while he was crossing the road.
7. On the other side, where the playground used to be now stands another new building-our library.
8. At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine.
9. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes or stories.
10. Then the head of the farm showed us around the farm.
11. The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.
12. My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind.
13. Hope you don't have to wait as long as we did.
14. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.
15. The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer.
16. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition.
17. After you enter the park by the main gate, walk straight on till you come to a stream. Cross the stream and turn right. After walking for a while you'll come to a hill. Walk round to the other side of the hill. Then you'll see a lake.
18. I have an announcement to make.
19. The students union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, August 15, to welcome our friends from the United States.
20. Remember to wrap up the small gift, sign your name and write a few words of good
wishes.
21. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchange of gift.
22. One day my parents went to work in the fields taking my little sister and Ah Fu along.
23. She was trying to pick a flower when she fell into the river.
24. They saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister.
25. At eight he became a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province.
26. He studied hard at school and trained hard for five years before he came to the national team.
27. It was pretty hard on the children of the village who had to go to school in other villages which were all far away.
28. The teachers had finished middle school education before they returned to teach here.
29. The pupils are divided into five different classes, in which six subjects are taught.
30. Education is free for all children in the village.
31. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees.
32. They believe a public park should be free of charge.
33. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.
34. 40% of the students think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay
gardeners and workers, and to buy plants and young trees.
35. They suggest fees should be charged low.
Part C 高考写作基本功训练 （词组部分）
1. 给某人让座 2. 跳到地上/桌上 3. 下了一整天雨
4. 听到呼救声 5. 把...带到安全地带 6. 向某人道歉
7. 给某人提建议 8. 得到好的治疗 9. 接受某人的建议
10. 加入球队/俱乐部/小组/委员会/公司 11. 向某人解释...
12. 治愈某人的病 13. 匆忙赶往医院/学校/邮局/派出所/火车站/汽车站/飞机场
14. 提出付100元钱 15. 收100元钱 16. 付100元钱
17. 打车 18. 浑身湿透了 19. 下载文件
20. 外出钓鱼/爬山/郊游/游泳/划船/野营 21. 转身离开
22. 陷入沉思 23. 返回取某物 24. 走过去看一看发生了什么
25. 与某人同住一间房间/同打一把伞/同玩一件玩具/同一志趣
26. 对某人大声喊叫 27. 使劲移开那块大石头 28. 背着一个沉重的包
29. 去吃饭/开会/晚会/观光/聚会 30. 背负沉重的课业负担
31. 约某人 32. 顺道拜访某人 33. 看家
34. 跑过去搀扶盲人/老人 35. 等候某人吃饭/开会/回家 36. 下车
37. 站在门口 38. 坐在窗前 39. 靠在墙上/树上
40. 逆风而行 41. 下大雨/大雪 42. 刮大风
43. 起雾 44. 熟睡 45. 举手
46. 步行回家/开车回家/乘车回家/骑车回家 47. 突然停止
48. 把某人救到河岸上 49. 结束 50. 为某人喝彩
写作基本功训练 （汉译英部分）
1．休息片刻后，我们就开始唱歌、跳舞、讲故事、说笑话，玩得可开心了。
2．在一家商店旁，有位妇女正在买冰激凌，这时有个小伙子从她身后抢了她的手提包就跑。
3．我校历年毕业的学生中有不少人成了教授、工程师、记者以及其他领域的专家。
4．不论我今年是否能考上大学，我都要努力学习。
5．他告诉我看电影不但是一种休息，而且有助于增加知识，并获得更多的科技信息。
6．他们建议应收门票，但票价不宜太高。
7．我认为人口的增长应当得到控制，从而使我们未来的家园更加美好。
8．谨致以良好的祝愿，并代我问候你全家人好。
9．我相信你们定会度过又一个难忘的旅游日。
10．村里的孩子们在本村上小学都是免费的。
11．近年来我们的城市新建了不少的工厂，住房和街道。
12．很高兴收到你的来信，我将写信告诉你我校的情况。
13．午餐时，我们同祝爷爷生日快乐！
14．欢迎大家届时光临。
１５． 说你与贵班同学都在学汉语，我真的很高兴。
１６． 规划的目的是使我们的学校变得更漂亮，让空气更清新，让我们的学校变成更有利于我们学习、生活的好地方。
１７． 我业余时间喜欢集邮，听音乐。
１８． 这时，我看见一辆黄色的轿车驶上了Third street, 一个右转弯上了Park Road.
１９． 或许你们不会像我们刚才那样等很久。
２０． 通过此事我认识到每个人都有自己的长处，无论才能大小都会成为有用之才。
Part D 十年高考英语写作真题及范文写作、分析、总结、背诵、默写
(NMET 1995-NMET 2006)
NMET 1995
假定你是李华。你和几个朋友约定星期天在人民公园野餐(to have a picnic)。你们的英国朋友Peter也应邀参加。请你根据下面的示意图，给他写封短信，告诉他进公园后如何找到你们。
注意：1.词数80─100。2.开头语已为你写好。
NMET 1996
你是李华，申请到一家外资企业工作。对方要求你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己的基本情况。
Part E 书面表达周周练
EX. 1 :
作为中学生，你肯定经历过多次考试，体验过成功，也遭遇过失败。请你根据提示内容，简要概述中学生中普遍存在的对考试失败的两种态度，并结合自身实际，说明你的观点。
消极态度 积极态度 你的结论
当考试结果不尽人意时，情绪低落，丧失信心，不再继续努力 当考试失败时，------ ......
要求；1．题目自拟；
2．词数：100-120。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
EX. 2 :
假定你是张峰，一家英文报社邀请你调查一下中学生对网络使用的情况，并依据调查写一篇报道。请根据下表提供的信息，对你的调查作简要介绍，发给报社。
主要用途 出现的问题
1、 阅读国内外新闻，学习英语
2、发e-mail，欣赏音乐，看电影，玩游戏等
3、网上购物 1) 过多的在网上玩游戏，浪费了时间，影响了学业
2）浏览不健康信息，对身心有害
注意：1、词数：100左右 2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
3、文章开头已给出
As we all know, the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
Part A
对英语句子的认识
2. 一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。
典型错误：
1) The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.
∟The old man likes to take a walk in the village after supper.
2) I enjoy talk with him over a cup of coffee.
∟I enjoy talking with him over a cup of coffee.
3) The boy ran to his mother cry.
∟The boy ran to his mother crying.
4) After write the notice, he put it up on the wall.
∟ After writing the notice, he put it up on the wall.
After he wrote the notice, he put it up on the wall.
3. 不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语, 或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。
如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。
典型错误：
2） 1） Those who eat too much will easily ill.
∟Those who eat too much will easily get ill.
2) When he walking in the park, he felt a little tired.
∟When he was walking in the park, he felt a little tired.
3）When I at school, I studied very hard.
∟When I was at school, I studied very hard.
II. Practice: 判断以下是否是句子。
1. Birds can fly 是
2. The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday 不是
3. Wait for me at the station 是
4. If you know how to play with words to make people laugh不是
5. A way of saying "I'm sorry" 不是
6. Patting the stomach before a meal不是
7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store. 是
8. To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home不是
9. If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air, take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer space不是
【模拟试题】
改错练习：
1. Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you.
2. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.
3. Listen! Someone knocking at the door.
4. He told me don't call him before 9 o'clock.
5. Does your parents allow you make your own decision?
6. Although it is only August, but the weather is getting worse daily.
7. Because the professor had fallen ill, so he was not able to be present at the conference.
8. In Japan, a person sees the "OK" gesture may think it means money.
9. When I past his room, I heard him singing an English song.
【试题答案】
1. listen→hear 2. 去掉been 3. Ù knocking → is knocking
4. don't → not to 5. Ù make →to make 6. 去掉but
7. 去掉so 8. Ù sees→who sees
9. past → passed或 Ù past → walked past
基本功训练
词组翻译参考答案
1. give / offer one's seat to sb 2. jump onto the ground/ table
3. keep on raining all the day 4. hear a cry/shout for help
5. carry sb to safety 6. apologize to sb for sth/doing sth
7. give sb some advice on sth 8. get good treatment
9. take/follow one's advice 10. join a team/club/group/committee/company
11. explain sth to sb (explain to sb that ...) 12. cure sb of a certain illness
13. hurry to the hospital/school/post office/police station/railway station/bus stop/airport
14. offer to pay 100dollars 15. charge/ take 100 dollars
16. pay 100 dollars(pay the bill) 17. hire/get/call for a taxi (to take sb to ...)
18. be wet all over/ be wet through 19. download the papers
20. go fishing/outing/climbing/boating/swimming/camping
21. turn away 22. be lost in thought
23. turn back to get sth / for sth 24. come /go up to see what happens
25. share a room/an umbrella/a toy/the same interests with sb
26. shout to sb in a loud voice 27. gather all one's strength to remove the big stone
28. bear a heavy bag 29. go for a dinner/meeting/party/visit/get-together
30. be heavily burdened with homework 31. call for sb
32. drop in on sb 33. mind one's house
34. run over to support the old man 35. wait for sb to have dinner/a meeting/ come home
36. get off the bus/ get out of the car 37. be stationed by the door/stand by the door
38. be seated by the window 39. lean against the wall/tree
40. walk/run/swim/ride/drive/move on against the wind
41. rain hard/snow hard/wind hard 42. come to one's rescue
43. express one's hearty thanks to sb 44. fall sound asleep
45. raise one's hand 46. walk/ride/drive/take a bus home
47. come to a stop 48. push sb to the river bank
49. come to an end/ put sth to an end 50. cheer for sb
51. call at/drop in at one's house 52. come to light/ come out
53. reach for sth/hold out one's hand for sth 54. catch/seize sb by the arm/hand/collar
55. ask about what is the matter
56. pass the post office/park/market/square/cinema/stadium/school/hospital/hotel/theater/railway
station/shopping mall/concert hall
57. refer to the dictionary / look up the telephone number/one's address/ web address
58. receive sb warmly/kindly 59. take sth seriously / be careful with sth
60. be careful of sth 61. be strict with sb
62. be strict in sth 63. meet sb at the railway station/ airport
64. pick sb up by the roadside 65. stop the thief/catch the thief
66. go /walk straight ahead 67. wash sth away
68. ruin the holiday/one's heart 69. make a quick turn
70. treat sb to coffee/tea/a meal (invite sb to dinner) 71. draw sth out of the pocket
72. empty the cupboard/drawer 73. think hard/twice
74. do the thorough cleaning 75. look behind/around/up and down
76. light a candle/lamp 77. make a fire
78. turn on the light/radio/TV 79. switch off the tap/light/gas
80. shake hands with sb 81. give sb a hand with ...
82. hold one's head high 83. cross the road/street/river/bridge
84. clear up/tidy up/do up the room 85. do up one's shoes/buttons
86. get along/come along well with sb 87. wipe off one's sweat
88. organize the out-of-class activities 89. take part in the social practice
90. receive a telephone call from sb 91. get through the composition
92. struggle in the middle of the river 93. get the first place in ...
94. get 1,000 dollars as a reward 95. have a heart-to-heart talk with sb / a word with sb
96. arrive at the spot 97. leave without saying good-bye
98. get in/harvest crops/wheat/rice 99. argue with sb about sth
100. set sth free to nature
句子汉译英参考答案:
1. After a short rese, we began to sing and dance, tell stories and jokes. We had a good time.
2. At shop, a woman was buying an ice-cream when a young man behind her snatched her handbag and ran away.
3、Many of the graduates from our school have become professors, engineers, journalists and experts of other fields.
4、I shall study hard, whether I can go to college this year or not.
5、He told me that seeing a film is not only a rest but also helps (to) increase one's knowledge and information.
6、They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
7、I believe that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we'll have a better hometown in future.
8、With best wishes. And please remember me to your family.
9、I'm sure you will have another unforgettable touring day.
10、Education is free for all the children learning in the village school.
11、New factories, houses and roads have been built up in our city.
12、I was so pleased to hear from you and I am writing to tell you something about our school.
13、At the lunch table, we wished Grandpa "Happy birthday".
14、You're welcome to the party on time.
15、I'm really so pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese.
16、The purposes of the program are to make our school more beautiful, to make the air cleaner and fresher, and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in.
17、I am fond of collecting stamps and listening to music in my spare time.
18、Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road.
19、Maybe you won't have to wait so long as we did just now.
20、From this matter I come to realize that everyone has his strong points and will become helpful persons, whether with great or minor talents.
Part D 历届书面表达真题参考范文
June lst,1995
Dear Peter,
We're so gald you're coming to join us on Sunday. Here is how you can find us. We'll have our picnic in the People's Park. You know where that is, don't you? After you enter the park by the main gate, walk straight on till you come to a stream. Cross the stream and turn right. After walking for a while you'll come to a hill. Walk around to the other side of the hill. There you'll see a lake. We'll have our picnic there in the small woods by the lake. I'm sure you'll have no trouble finding us. Do come!
My name is Li Hua. I was born in Dalian, Liaoning province in February 1977. I started school in 1984 when I was seven. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. After that I went to No.62 Middle School of Dalian and graduated this summer. The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer.I like English and computer best and I am very good at them. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps. My favourite sports are swimming in summer and skating in winter.
Part E 书面表达周周练参考范文
Failure is the mother of success
We middle school students have had many tests or exams. We have both achieved success and suffered from failure. Different students take different attitudes to failure. Some fall in low spirits when they don't do well in the exams. They usually lose heart and no longer study as before. But most students take an active attitude towards failure. They encourage themselves to be serf-confident. They encourage themselves to be serf-confident. They found out and analyze the causese so that they will no longer make similar mistakes. I agree with those with active attitudes. As we all know, failure is the mother of success. Even great men have failed many times before they succeeded. So we must deal with our failure correctly.
As we all know, the Interent is playing an important part in our daily life. We often read new at home and abroad and learn forcing languages by ourselves on the Internet. Sometimes we send e-mails to our families as well as our friends, Besides, we listen to music. cnjoy films and play computer games on it. We can even do shopping without leaving our homes.
However, it has its disadvantages. Many students waste too much time playing the electronic games, which has a bad effect on their studies. What's worse, the bad information on the Internet does great harm to them. I hope every student can make use of the Internet properly for their studies.
关键字:高中英语作文
生词表:
- rocket [´rɔkit]
n.火箭；火箭发动机 六级词汇 - hunting [´hʌntiŋ] n.打猎 六级词汇
- trying [´traiiŋ] a.难堪的；费劲的 四级词汇
- august [ɔ:´gʌst] a.尊严的；威严的 六级词汇
- gracefully [´greisfuli] ad.优美地，斯文地 四级词汇
- weekend [´wi:kend, ,wi:k´end] n.周末休假 四级词汇
- elderly [´eldəli] a. 较老的，年长的 四级词汇
- taking [´teikiŋ] a.迷人的 n.捕获物 六级词汇
- grandpa [´grænpɑ:] n.爷爷；外公 四级词汇
- cleaner [´kli:nə] n.清洁工人；干洗商 四级词汇
文章标签:高考 高考英语 突破 书面表达 英语书
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