初三英语定语从句练习
【考点扫描】
中考对的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
1、定语从句的功用和结构2、关系代词和关系副词的功用
3、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
一. 定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
I still remember the night when I first came to the village?
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。
1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如: I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
2. 作宾语: She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
The book that my
grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
3. 作定语: 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
4. 作状语: I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where I was born.
三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
The boy who is wearing the black
jacket is very clever.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
Who is the person that is
reading the newspaper over there?
6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
7. where 指地点,在从句中作状语。例如:This is the house where we lived last year.
四. 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room
which we had lived in for ten years.
五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如:
All that he said is true.
(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如:
He is the only
foreigner that has been to that place.
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:
He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:
He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
(6)主句以who, what,which 开头的特殊疑问句
Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?
2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况:
(1) 非限制性定语从中。The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
六,关系词的省略:
(1)关系代词在从句中作宾语时: He is the man(who/whom/that) I talked to yesterday.
(2)关系代词that在分句中作补语时:He has changed. He is not the man(that) he was.
(3)当关系代词作主语,只有主句是由it is, that is ,there is 引导时才能省略:
That was his mother just went away.
(4)在the time when; the place where; the reason why 结构中,非正式语体可以省略;
I’ll never forget the day (when) we first met.
The reason (why) he was late again is unknown. That’s the place I stayed last night.
七.判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A.
生词表: