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中考英语重点知识讲解—动词的延续性问题


我们首先要了解什么是延续性动词，什么是非延续性动词（也叫短暂性动词）。
延续性动词：动词所表示的动作可以延续一段时间（几分钟/小时/年），如live、keep等，它可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用(这样的时间状语经常用since或for引导，可以用how long对它进行提问)。
非延续性动词：动词所表示的动作一发生即结束，不能延续，如stop、begin、borrow等，它不可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用；另外它也不能和进行时连用，表示动作正在发生，而且有持续的过程，如果这样的动词和进行时连用，往往表示的是即将进行的意思。

在中考里，往往这样考查同学们对这个概念是否理解：
一、till/until的用法中涉及的动词延续性问题：
如果一个句子的时间状语由till/until引导，那么它的谓语动词如果是延续性动词就必须用肯定形式；如果它的谓语动词是非延续性动词就必须用否定形式。
例如：He didn’t leave until/till he finished his homework. 他完成家庭作业才离开。
（在这个句子里leave 为非延续性动词，所以用了否定形式）
He waited for the girl till it was late. 他等那个女孩一直到很晚的时候。
（在这个句子里wait为延续性动词，所以用了肯定形式）
二、完成时态里涉及的动词延续性问题：
很多同学在初学完成时态的时候都不能正确地翻译这样的句子，例如：他买这辆车已经两年了。很多同学会把它翻译成：He has bought this car for two years. 在这个句子里，动词buy是非延续性动词，而时间状语表示的是一段时间，所以把它们联系起来显然是不恰当的。正确的说法是：He has had this car for two years.
并不是非延续性动词不能用于完成时态，而只是在时间状语表示的是一段时间的时候，动词只能为延续性动词。比如：The film had begun when he got to the cinema. （当他到达电影院的时候电影已经开始了。）这样的说法没有什么问题，但是“The film had begun for ten minutes when he got to the cinema. ”（当他到达电影院的时候电影已经开始十分钟了。）就不正确，因为十分钟表示的是一段时间，而begin不能延续，所以应该把这个句子改成：The film had been on for ten minutes when he got to the cinema.
三、“how long”短语涉及的动词延续性问题：
“how long”是对一段时间的长短提问，所以和它连用的动词必须是延续性动词。如“这本书我能借多长时间？”不能说成：How long can I borrow this book? 而应该说成：How long can I keep this book?

某些非延续性动词如果要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，往往要进行改变，对此我作了简单的小结，请大家牢记：
（前面为短暂，后面为延续）

2.买 buy: have
3.死 die: be dead
4.走/离开go/leave: be away
5.参军 join the army: be in the army/be a soldier
6.入党 join the Party: be in the party/be a Party member
7.开始放映/展出 begin: be on
8.交朋友 make friends with sb: be friends
9.结婚marry: be married
10.开放/营业 open: be open
11.关闭/停业 close: be closed
……
中考试题练习（答案为画线部分）
1. ----How long may I _____ the book?
---- For two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy
2. ----I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
---- Oh, not at all. I _______ here for only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
3. ----______ you _____ China for a long time?
---- Yes, I came here three years ago.
A. Have; come to B. Did; come to C. Have; been in
4. --How long _____ you _____ here?
-- For about two years so far.
A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. were; swimming
5. Jack has _____ for a week.
A. had cold B. had a cold C. got a cold D. caught a cold
6. When we hurried to the theatre (剧院), the concert ____ for five minutes.
A. had been on B. had begun C. had begun on D. began
7. –When did you join the League ?
-- Last year. I ____ a league member for one year.
A. was B. became C. have been
8. I ______ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now.
A.borrowed B.have borrowed C.kept D.have kept
9. Anna, could you lend me this book, please?
I’m sorry, but I _______ it for only two days. I haven’t finished it yet.
A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had
10. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer ______ for half an hour.
A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away
11. ---How long have you ________ the motorbike?
---For about two weeks.
A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. lent
12. A: How long can I ______ the magazine?
B: For two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. return D. keep

13. Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend. He _______it for a week.
A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has kept D. lend
14. Is your father a Party member?
Yes, he _____the Party three years ago. He ______a Party member for three years.
A. joined, has been B. has joined, has been C. was joined, is D. joined, was
15. _____your sister ____ in Greener China for a long time?
Yes. She join
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