酷兔英语

第十二讲
词形变换类题型的几个考点

一、可数名词单数变复数类
1.规则变化: 
(1)一般情况加-s, 如: girls, books, pens, bags, boys, days等。
(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es, 如: buses, boxes, watches, brushes
(3)以o结尾的名词,无生命的名词多加-s,有生命的名词多加-es。
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词, 变y为i加-es, 如: city→ cities, story→stories
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v加-es。如: leaf→leaves, knife→knives, shelf→shelves,wife→ wives等。
2.不规则变化的名词要熟记:
man→men, woman→women, child→children,
foot→feet,tooth→teeth, mouse→mice, people→people,
sheep→ sheep, Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese,deer→deer
二、动词/名词变形容词类
1.在动词后加后缀-ful
如:care→careful ,use→useful;
thank→thankful,help→helpful;
wonder→wonderful,forget→forgetful
2.在名词后加-y
如:luck→lucky, cloud→cloudy;
wind→windy, rain→rainy;
sun→sunny, snow→snowy
  noise-noisy,health→healthy
3.在名词后加-ly
如:friend→friendly,love→lovely,day→daily
4.方位名词加-ern
如:east→eastern,west→western
south→southern,north→northern
三、形容词加后缀变成名词
1.形容词加-ty变成名词
如:safe→safety,difficult→difficulty 
2.形容词加-th变成名词
如:true→truth,warm→warmth,young→youth
四、形容词变副词类
形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语;副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。
1.一般形容词词尾加-ly变成副词,
如:slow→slowly,  clear→clearly 
quick→quickly, quiet→quietly
careful→carefully, sudden→suddenly
real→really, polite→politely
safe→safely, wide→widely
2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,要变y为i加-ly
如:easy→easily, happy→happily
heavy→heavily, lucky→luckily
busy→busily, angry→angrily;
3.以元音字母+e结尾,去e加-ly
如:true→truly
4.以辅音字母加-le结尾,去e加-y
如:terrible→terribly possible→possibly
5.形容词与副词同形
如:fast→fast,early→early,high→high,hard→hard
6.注意:hard作形容词时意思是“困难的;硬的;生硬的”等;作副词时意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副词,意思是“几乎不”。
五、动词变名词类
1.动词加-er变成名词
如:work→worker farm→farmer teach→teacher
sing→singer speak→speaker play→player
read→reader drive→driver write→writer
ride→rider dance→dancer run→runner
win→winner cook→cooker travel→traveler
2.动词加-or 变成名词
如:visit→visitor,invent→inventor,conduct→conductor,act→ actor
六、基数词变序数词类:
主要掌握好1---12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式:
one→first twenty→twentieth
two→ second thirty →thirtieth
three→third forty →fortieth
four→ fourth fifty →fiftieth
five → fifth sixty →sixtieth
six→ sixth seventy →seventieth
seven→ seventh eighty →eightieth
eight→ eighth ninety →ninetieth
nine→ninth
ten→ tenth
eleven→ eleventh
twelve→twelfth
twenty-one →twenty-first
twenty-two →twenty-second
twenty-three →twenty-third
七、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类
1.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成
部分双音节词或以形容词加-ly变成的副词和多音节词,在其前加more, most 变成比较级和最高级。
如:interesting → more interesting,
→ most interesting
beautiful → more beautiful,
→ most beautiful
slowly → more slowly,→ most slowly
quickly → more quickly,→ most quickly
不规则变化:
good→better→best well→better→best
many→more→most much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther/further → farthest/furthest
ill → worse → worst
bad/badly → worse → worst
old → older/elder → oldest/eldest
2.原级: as+adj./adv.+ as … (肯定)
“和 ……一样……”,
   not as / so+adj./adv.+as …(否定)
“和 ……不一样……” “…… 不如……”

八、人称代词变化类:
要熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。
见下面表格:

人称
单 数
复 数

主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you

第三人称
he
she
it
him
her
It

they

they

形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词:

  类别
  

人 称

单 数

复 数

生词表: