09年中考英语虚拟语气精讲2
6. wish的用法
1)用于wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:
真实状况 wish后
从句动作先于主句动词动作 过去时 过去完成时
(be的过去式为 were)
从句动作与主句动作同时发生 现在时 过去时
(had + 过去分词)
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +
动词原形
I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2)Wish to do表达法。
Wish sb / sth to do
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.
I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
7.比较if only与only if
only if表示"只有";if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
8.It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。
It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
9 need "不必做"和"本不该做"
didn't need to do表示: 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。.
needn't have done表示: 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。
(Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。)
典型例题
There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
答案D。needn't have done. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。
语气是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。虚拟语气表示说话者的主观愿望、假想和建议等,所说的话有的与现在事实相反,或与过去事实相反,或与将来事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。所以虚拟语气总是与假设条件句用在一起。除了if条件句外,还有几种常用的条件句,短语也可表示条件。此外,上下文也能创造虚拟的语言环境。但有时条件从句与结果主句可能发生时间不一致,有时虚拟语气会出现倒装情况。除了与条件句在一起使用的主句用虚拟语气外,有些宾语从句或表语从句也有用虚拟语气的情况。
I虚拟语气的形式与基本用法
一、虚拟语气的形式
虚拟(条件)语气中,主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面四类
假设类型
条件从句谓语
动词形式
主语谓语
动词形式
与现在事实相反
动词的过去式(be用were而不用was)
would(第一人称可用should)
+动词原形
与过去事实相反
had+ -ED分词
would(第一人称可用should)+have + -ED分词
与将来事实相反
were to + 动词原形
would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形
与将来事实可能相反
should + 动词原形
would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形
二、虚拟语气的基本用法
1. 与现在的事实相反
1) What type of automobile would you buy ?
[A] if you have free choice to choose the cars available today
[B] if you are free to choose among all the cars available today
[C] if all cars available were free to be chosen by you
[D] if you were free to choose among all the cars available today
2. 与过去的事实相反(有时主句中的should have done表示责备或后悔)
2) he would have come to class.
[A] If Mike is able to finish his homework
[B] Would Mike be able to finish his homework
[C] If Mike could finish his homework
[D] If Mike had been able to finish his homework
3) If the United States had not entered the Second World War,probably the 1940 unemployment rate of 14% still further.
[A] would rise
[B] would risen
[C] would have risen
[D] had risen
4) Topgrade [A] diamonds had not [B] increased so sharply [C] in value in the late seventies [D] if one company had not
controlled almost all of the world’s supply.
3. 与将来的事实相反
5) The report would be
[A] released last January if new developments had not
[B] made it necessary to revise all conclusions drawn from
[C] the first series of
[D] experiments.
6) It is said Tom will go to an appointment tommorrow. If he were to come tomorrow, I ask him to go to your place.
[A] will
[B] would
[C] shall
[D] might
7) If you to see Mary,what would you tell her?
[A] are
[B] w
生词表: