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初中英语倒装句、祈使句、一般过去时温故知新
倒装句
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语在后。把谓语放在主语之前,就叫做倒装。全部谓语放在主语之前,叫做全部倒装;只把部分谓语即be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,叫做部分倒装。
1. 存在句(there be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等)需要全部倒装。如:
There once lived an old hunter in the house.
这所房子里曾住过一位老猎人。
There seems to be many listeners.
似乎有很多听众。
2. 副词here, there, now, then等置于句首(经常与go, come等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装。如:
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。
注意:如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。如:
Here they are. 他们在这儿。
3. 介词短语作为地点状语置于句首,后面如果有lie, live, sit, stand, come, go等动词,全句需要全部倒装。如:
Into the hall came three women.
大厅里走进来三位妇女。
In the east of the school lies a big bookshop.
学校的东边有一个大的书店。
4. 当上文所表达的含义也适用于另一个人或物时,要用so/ neither/ nor+be/ 助词/ 情态动词+主语;此时谓语的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致。如:
—I have finished my homework.
我已经做完作业了。
—So has he. 他也做完了。
—I haven’t seen that film. 我没看过那部电影。
—Neither (Nor) have I. 我也没有。
5. not only... but also...连接两个并列句,且not only置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装。如:
Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but he disliked the way we dressed.
他不但不喜欢我们说话的方式,而且也不喜欢我们着装的方式。


一般过去时的用法:
一、表示过去的动作或状态:
I bought the hat yesterday.这顶帽子是我昨天买的。
He was at school last Monday.
上星期一他在上学。
二、表示过去的习惯动作:
When he was at school, he wrote a diary every day.他上学时,每天写一篇日记。
I used to get up early. 我以前习惯早起。
注:“used to+动词原形”表示过去某一段时间内有规律的习惯。
用于一般过去时的时间状语有:yesterday, the day before yesterday(前天), ago(以前), just now(刚才), last night (week, Sunday, month, year), at that time(moment), then(那时), a few days (weeks, months, years) ago等。

重温祈使句
一、表示请求或命令的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的主语一般是you(听话人),通常省略,其谓语动词一律用动词原形。句末用感叹号或句号,语调读降调。
二、祈使句的结构形式:
1.肯定的祈使句。
(1)句中只有不及物动词。如: Come here! 过来! Look! 看! Come in! 进来!
(2)及物动词+宾语。如: Close the door! 关门! Open your books!翻开课本!
(3)系动词+表语。如: Be quiet, please! 请安静! Be careful! 小心!
2. 否定的祈使句。
祈使句否定式的构成是直接在动词原形前加don’t。为了表示礼貌,也可以加上please。如:
Don’t talk in class. 不要在课堂上讲话。
Don’t close the window, please. 请不要关窗户。
3. Let 引导的句子也是一种祈使句,表示建议。
Let me help you. 让我帮你吧。
Let’s go. 咱们走吧!
这种祈使句的否定结构是在let’s后加not。如:
Let’s not go now. 咱们现在先别走。
4. 以no开头的表示禁止性的祈使句。如:
No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No fishing!禁止钓鱼!

一般过去时专练
I.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. The children ______(go) to the park every Sunday last year.
2. I ______(do) my homework last night.
3. The teacher ______(ask) us to do the exercises on page 38 just now.
4. Mary ______(be) out when I called her.
5. My brother ______(go) to study in America two years ago.
II. 按要求完成句子。
1. They went shopping last Sunday. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ they ______ last Sunday?
2. What day is it today? (用yesterday改写句子)
What day ______ ______ yesterday?
3. I left for Paris yesterday morning. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ ______ for Paris?
4. They were in London last week. (改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
—______ ______ in London last week?
—______, ______ ______.
5. I went out for a walk after supper. (改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
—______ ______ ______ out for a walk after supper?
—______, ______ ______.
祈使句专练
III. 把下列句子改为祈使句。
1. You must look after your things!
　 ______ ______ your things, please.
2. Can I have a look at your photo?
　 ______ ______ have a look at your photo.
3. You can’t throw things on the floor.
　 ______ ______ things on the floor.
4. Could you help me take these baskets to my car?
　 ______ ______ take these baskets to my car, please.
5. We go to school together.
　 ______ ______ to school together.

Key: I. 1.went 2. did 3. asked 4. was 5. went
II. 1. What did, do 2. was it 3. When did you leave 4. Were they; Yes, they were 5. Did you go; No, I didn’t

生词表: