酷兔英语

初三英语名师金牌讲堂 讲座系列(七)
语法讲解:主谓一致
1.就近原则和就远原则:(两个并列名词用连接词连接起来谓语动词的情况)
not only A but also B
跟并列两个名词中的“B”的单复数走。
neither A nor B/either A or B

A with/ together with/along with B
A like/ such as B
A as well as B
A including B/ A, B included 跟并列两个名词中的“A”的单复数走。
A rather than B (是A,不是B)
A except/but B
A besides/in addition to B
2.两个或者多个名词并列的情况:
bread and butter(面包和黄油,动词单数)
the bread and butter(特指面包和黄油,动词单数)
the knife and fork(特指一副刀叉,动词单数)
the knife and the fork(一把小刀和一个叉子,动词复数)
a singer and dancer(一个歌手兼舞蹈家,动词单数)
a novelist and a reporter(一个小说家和一个记者,动词复数)
结论:看到这类名词并列,数冠词的个数,冠词大于等于2的,动词用复数,小于2的动词用单数。
3.定冠词the和名词各种关系时动词的情况:
1定冠词the+国籍形容词,动词用复数,表示“这个国家的人”。
The British prefer black tea to green tea.(比起绿茶,英国人更喜欢红茶。)
2定冠词the+形容词,表示“人”用动词单数,表示“物”用动词复数。
The beautiful is not always the same as the good.(美丽的东西不总是长久的。)
3定冠词the+人名+s,用动词复数,表示“一家人”。
The Blacks are having a picnic at the seaside/on the beach.(布莱克一家在海边/海滩上野餐。)
4定冠词the+人名+’s,用动词单数,表示“某人的家”。
The Black’s is opposite the supermarket.(布莱克的家在超市对面。)
5定冠词the+职业+’s,用动词单数,表示“场所”。
the dentist’s/barber’s/baker’s/grocer’s/butcher’s(牙医诊所/理发店/面包房/杂货店/肉店)
4.所有百分比,分数,half,quarter结构要根据名词判断。
例1:Half of his eggs were broken.(他一半的蛋已经碎了。)
例2:75%/Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.(75%/四分之三的地球表面被水覆盖。)
5.一些特殊名词后动词的情况:
(1)team, class, family表示单一整体,动词用单数;表示其中成员,动词用复数。
例1:This team has won the game and the team are having a bath now.(队伍已经获得了比赛的胜利,他们正在洗澡。)
例2:My family is a big one and my family are football fans.(我的家庭是一个大家庭,并且我的家人都是足球迷。)
(2)以s结尾的三个词:means(方法), works(工厂, 作品), species(物种),看具体的句子意思决定动词单复数。
例1:每种方法都已经尝试了。
Every means has already been tried.
例2:这家手表厂坐落在市中心。
This watch works lies/stands/is located in the city center/downtown area.
(3)形单实复的名词:people, police等名词出现,动词用复数。
例1:People all over the world are kept informed of what is happening immediately by means of the Internet.(全世界的人们通过因特网来不断获知即时发生的事情。)
例2:The police are trying their best to find out who set the fire to the hotel.
(4)形复实单的名词:s结尾的学科名词,动词用单数。
mathematics, politics, physics(数学,政治。物理)
(5)all单独作主语,表示“人”,动词用复数,表示“物”,动词用单数。
例:All is ready for Christmas party and all are excited.(圣诞晚会的所有东西已经准备好了,并且所有的人都很激动。)
(6)时间、距离、价格、重量视作一个整体,动词用单数。
例1:Five years has already passed.(五年已经过去了。)
例2:Ten dollars is just enough.(十美元就足够了。)
(7)区别a (great, large) number of, the number of:
a (great, large) number of:名词复数,动词复数。
the number of:只需动词单数,和名词无关。
例1:There are a great number of reference books in the library.(在图书馆有大量参考书。)
例2:The number of Internet users/netizens in China is rapidly rising/increasing.(中国的网民数量正在急剧上升。)
(8)a group of的情况:单复数皆可,需要看句子的逻辑关系。
(9)专有名词的单数和复数:
the United Nations/the United States:动词单数
the Olympic Games:动词复数
(10) the rest结构,看名词决定动词单复数。
例1:The first five questions were very easy, but the rest were rather difficult.(头五个问题很简单,不过其他的问题很难。)
例2:I’ve already moved much paper, but the rest is still there.(我已经移走了很多纸,但那里还有一些。)
(11) everybody, everyone, nobody, no one作为主语时和作反意疑问句时的动词单复数。
例①:Nobody likes the game, do they?
例②:Everybody is to attend the party, aren’t they?

生词表:
  • addition [ə´diʃən] 移动到这儿单词发声  n.加;加法;附加物   (初中英语单词)
  • singer [´siŋə] 移动到这儿单词发声  n.歌手,演唱者   (初中英语单词)
  • novelist [´nɔvəlist] 移动到这儿单词发声  n.小说家   (初中英语单词)
  • politics [´pɔlitiks] 移动到这儿单词发声  n.政治(学);政治活动   (初中英语单词)
  • reference [´refərəns] 移动到这儿单词发声  n.参考;参照;出处   (初中英语单词)
  • everyone [´evriwʌn] 移动到这儿单词发声  pron.=everybody 每人   (初中英语单词)
  • picnic [´piknik] 移动到这儿单词发声  n.郊游 vi.(去)野餐   (高中英语单词)
  • happening [´hæpəniŋ] 移动到这儿单词发声  n.事件,偶然发生的事   (英语四级单词)
  • trying [´traiiŋ] 移动到这儿单词发声  a.难堪的;费劲的   (英语四级单词)