酷兔英语

别去管维权投资者伊坎(Carl Icahn)了。如果你是苹果(Apple)的顾客、员工、合作伙伴或者股东,明智的做法是仿效该公司首席执行长库克(Tim Cook)的榜样,对这位讨厌的投资者针对苹果现金的可笑建议敬而远之、充耳不闻。


Ignore Carl Icahn. If you're an Apple customer, employee, partner, or shareholder, you would be wise to follow CEO Tim Cook's example and adopt a pose of respectful deafness toward the gadfly investor's ridiculous proposals for Apple's cash.


苹果现在有1,470亿美元现金,在其周一发布的收益报告上,这个数字还有可能上升。但伊坎要求苹果用所有这些现金(或者贷款)回购其股票,这几乎是我能想到的最糟糕的现金利用方式。就算艾夫(Jony Ive)用100美元的钞票设计一款新iPhone——名字就叫iPhone 5$好了——都比伊坎提出的花钱办法好。这只是我信口一说而已!


Apple now has $147 billion in cash, a number that could rise in Monday's earnings report. But Mr. Icahn's demand that Apple use all that money (or get a loan) to buy back its stock is just about the worst use of its cash I think of. If Jony Ive designed a new iPhone out of $100 bills -- the iPhone 5$ -- even that would be a better way to spend Apple's boatloads. And that's just me spit-balling!


伊坎似乎没有意识到,苹果跟所有的科技公司一样,生命周期都很短暂。它在不断变换的硅谷高踞王者宝座,也是个庞然巨兽,其成功很了不起,但也极度脆弱。要说苹果能为自己的未来保驾护航,它的救星就是它持有的现金。它需要将现金用在自己的未来上。


Mr. Icahn doesn't seem to realize that Apple, like all tech companies, is ephemeral. It is a giant perched atop an ever-shifting mountain of silicon, a behemoth whose success is as tenuous as it is fantastic. To the extent that Apple can guarantee any future for itself, its salvation is in its cash. It needs to spend its money on its future.


伊坎的计划囿于当下。回购会在短期内提振苹果的股价,但无法提升它的产品、客户服务、生产能力,无法改善供应限制,也无法提高它相对于其他科技巨头的战略地位。回购不能让苹果变得更好,而库克的职责就是这个。


Mr. Icahn's plan is stuck to the present. The buyback would boost Apple's stock price for a short while, but it wouldn't improve its products, its customer service, its manufacturing capabilities, its supply constraints, nor its strategic position against other tech giants. It wouldn't improve Apple, and Mr. Cook's job is to do just that.


那么,以下是苹果能更明智地使用现金的其他方式——而且要注意的是,苹果有足够的现金,可以做到的不止其中一件:


So, then, here are some other ways Apple can use the cash more wisely -and note that it has enough to do more than one of these things:


建设自己的谷歌(Google)。从推出地图应用砸了锅以及一直令人尴尬的语音助手Siri可以看出,苹果不是很擅长构建那些依赖分析大量网络存储数据的服务。库克似乎认识到了这一点——苹果一直在雇用和争取人才以应对这方面的不足——但不清楚他是否将这个问题视为关乎存续的危机。


Build its own Google. As we saw in the botched rollout of its maps app and the continued embarrassment that is Siri, Apple isn't very good at building services that rely on analyzing massive collections of data stored online. Mr. Cook seems to realize this -- the company has been hiring and acquiring talent to address the shortcoming -- but it's not clear he sees the problem as an existential danger.


他可以而且应当慷慨解囊,解决这个问题。谷歌的长期愿景是将所有数字化设备变成《星际迷航》(Star Trek)中的电脑——能够以你喜欢的任何方式与你交流,能够在你需要的时候、甚至在你认识到自己的需要之前,恰到好处地为你提供任何信息。谷歌越是接近在所有设备上实现这个愿景,任何单一设备就会变得越是不重要,从而最终降低苹果设备的吸引力。正因为如此,苹果应当将针对自己的产品构建更好的这类系统当作首要任务。


He should, and he ought to open his wallet to fix it. Google's long-term vision is to turn every digital device into the Star Trek computer -a machine that can converse with you in any way you like, that can serve you any piece of information you need just when you need it, even before you realize you need it. The closer Google gets to achieving this vision for all devices, the less important any single device becomes, ultimately lowering the appeal of Apple's gadgets. That is why Apple should make it a priority to build a better such system for its own products.


打造或收购一家手机运营商。iPhone是苹果最大的产品,但苹果几乎所有的手机都是与运营商合作销售,而苹果对运营商的销售价格并没有控制权。这些成本是购买智能手机时占比最大的,而且在美国和世界其他许多地方,这些成本多年来都保持了相对稳定。手机运营商的技术和客服也有很多地方需要改进。


Build or buy a cellular carrier. The iPhone is Apple's biggest product, but Apple sells almost all of its phones in partnership with carriers whose prices it doesn't control. Those costs are the biggest piece of a smartphone purchase, and, in the U.S. and many other places around the world, they have remained relativelystable for years. Your cellular carrier's technology and customer service also leave a lot to be desired.


乔布斯(Steve Jobs)曾说,苹果的目标是在公司所有业务上拥有并掌控基本的技术。手机数据服务就是重要的这类技术之一,苹果应当以拥有和改善这项服务为目标。它可以从小处着手,在高密度的城市建设提升iPhone服务的基础设施,但只要有足够的投资,它可以建设自己的网络,从而通过竞争优化当前运营商的服务和价格。


Steve Jobs once said that Apple's goal is to 'own and control the primary technology in everything we do.' Cellular data service is a key such technology, and Apple should make it a goal to own and improve that service. It could start small, building infrastructure that boosts iPhone service in congested cities, but with enough investments it could build a network of its own, thus improving current carriers' service and prices through competition.


扩大生产能力。每次苹果发布热门的新设备,顾客都买不到。这是苹果传奇性的无库存精确生产制度的后果。苹果从来不想让产量超过销量,因此其生产是与需求同步提升的。这种做法降低了库存成本,从而提高了利润,但苹果的生产速度仍然过于缓慢,无法跟上短时间内的需求高涨。


Scale up its production capabilities. Every time Apple releases a hot new gadget, customers can't get it. This is a consequence of Apple's legendarily precise just-in-time manufacturing system. Apple never wants to make more devices than it will sell, so it ramps up manufacturing in lock-step with demand. That reduces its inventory costs -- and thus boosts its profit, but


苹果有没有可能加快目前的生产速度?如果钱不是问题的话,这是毫无疑问的:它可以在许多不同国家设立工厂,也可以投资能以更快速度生产iPhone的下一代生产能力(例如自动化装配线,它还有一个额外的好处是不会引发任何关于劳动环境的担忧)。


Apple's production is still too slow to keep up with instant spikes in demand.


这样做是否明智?对于因为短缺而损失了多少销售额,苹果比我更清楚,因此这个问题要由它来决定。但未来几年对苹果设备的需求将会快速增长,因此投资于生产似乎是其额外资金的一个不错的用途。


Is it possible for Apple to build products any faster than it does now? If money is no object, sure: It could set up factories in many different countries and it could invest in next-generation production capabilities that might pump out iPhones even faster (for instance, robotic assembly lines, which have the added benefit of not raising any concerns about factory conditions).


免费提供媒体内容和存储空间。或者直接降价!苹果为什么任由Netflix Inc. 和亚马逊公司(Amazon.com Inc.)抢走流媒体视频的市场?为什么我已经在iPhone和手机合约计划上花费了数百美元,苹果还要让我为备份所有照片所需要的足够云存储空间支付更多?如果你的苹果设备本身就带有专用流媒体电影的一年访问期限,或是50G的云存储空间(三星已经这样做了),或是其他一些好东西(比如苹果现在赠送的提高效率的免费应用),那不是很好吗?


Is this wise? Apple knows better than I do how many sales it loses to shortages, so that is for it to decide. But demand for Apple's devices is going to grow quickly over the next few years, so investing in production would seem a good use of its extra dough.


我知道你们在想什么:这些计划会侵蚀苹果的利润率,而投资者厌恶这种情况。没错,但它们会推动销售、提高苹果的市场份额,这对苹果未来的盈利将是利好,尤其是如果你认为,苹果在智能手机市场占据的较低份额令它在谷歌面前显得脆弱。


Give away media or storage. Or just cut prices! Why has Apple let Netflix Inc. and Amazon.com Inc. run away with the market for streaming video? Why, after I've already spent hundreds on an iPhone and a cellular plan, does Apple ask me to pay even more for enough cloud storage to back up all my photos? Wouldn't it be fantastic if your Apple device came with a year of access to exclusive streaming movies, or 50 GB of space on the cloud (which Samsung already does, or any number of other goodies (like the free productivity apps it is now giving away)?


苹果提振市场份额的另一个途径是直接降价,Slate的伊格莱西亚斯(Matt Yglesias)就是这样建议的。这样实质上是向顾客而非股东返还现金。但股东应当为这样的前景感到高兴。从长远看,苹果最好是多巴结顾客,而不是投资者。你看到苹果的现金了吗?那都是来自于顾客。


I know what you're thinking: These plans would eat into Apple's margins, and investors hate when that happens. True, but they would drive sales and improve Apple's market share, which would be a boon to Apple's future earnings, especially if you believe that its low smartphone market share leaves it vulnerable to Google.


Farhad Manjoo