据说,人类进化的一个重要标志是从原来单纯的食草动物进化到既食草又食肉的杂食动物,因为杂食丰富了人类的食品供应来源,从而极大地提高了人类的生存能力。It is said that human beings have evolved from the simple herbivorous animals to omnivorous ones, which is an important leap in the history of human evolution, since an omnivorous diet has enriched people's food resources and therefore enhanced their survival ability.
如果单从杂食的角度来看人类的进化,那么,被西方人"誉"为"什么都吃的"中国人恐怕是这方面做得最好的一个人种,尤其是中国人中的广东人。有诗为证: "西北人吃羊,荆楚人吃蟹,广东人吃遍了自然界。"如今,连一些老外都知道关于广东人杂食的那个笑谈,说:"天上飞的除了飞机、地上跑的除了汽车、水里游的除了潜艇,广东人都能吃。"If we evaluate human evolution from the perspective of being omnivorous, then the Chinese, regarded by the Westerners as "being able to eat anything", would be a perfect race, especially the Cantonese. There is a saying to prove this point, "in China, the North-westerners eat mutton, the Midland people eat crabs, and the Cantonese eat anything that lives". Nowadays, even foreigners know the story that jokes the Cantonese can eat everything except planes in the air, cars on the earth and submarines in the water.
印象害死人,当老外们谈论中国人什么都吃的特点时,给人的感觉好像是所有的中国人每天都在吃蛇、老鼠、昆虫和野生动物,而且吃法还很残忍。美国著名的喜剧动画片《辛普森一家》中就有这样一个情节:辛普森一家到中餐馆吃饭,点菜的时候他们发现:他们想吃的"正常食物"中餐馆都不提供;无奈之下,女儿丽萨问了服务员这样一个问题:"你们中餐里有没有不折磨动物的正常食品?"回答是:"没有。"But such stereotypes would easily lead to misunderstandings. When foreigners mention the Chinese characteristics as being able to eat everything, they convey an idea as if all the Chinese are eating snakes, mice, insects and wild animals for every day, and eating them in a very cruel way. The famous American comic cartoon series The Simpsons includes such an episode: the Simpsons eat out at a Chinese restaurant but can not find any normal food they think on the menu. In the end, the daughter Lisa asks the waiter: "Is there any food in your cuisine that doesn't torture animals?" And the waiter says:" No."
为了纠正老外们的这种"偏见",我曾经很努力地对我认识的老外朋友们进行真相教育,内容是:第一,不是所有的中国人都喜欢吃老鼠和蛇,吃这些东西对大多数中国人来说也是很另类的;第二,不是中国所有地区的人都喜欢吃另类的食物,只有少数地区的少数人喜欢吃;第三,那些喜欢吃另类食品的少数中国人也不是天天、更不是顿顿都吃;总之,中国人的家常饭没有你们想象的那么复杂和变态。I have tried frequently to correct the prejudices held by my foreign friends and to "educate" them with the truth by stating the following points: Firstly, not all the Chinese love eating mice and snakes, which are actually considered by most of the Chinese as unacceptable as well; secondly, not all the regions in China prefer these strange food and only a few peoples in a few regions like food of this kind; thirdly, those who would eat these foods do not feed on them every day, let alone eating them for every meal. All in all, the ordinary Chinese dishes are far from being disgusting and unbelievable as they have imagined.
然而,尽管我的解释完全是以事实为依据、以情理为准绳,但老外们的反应却是:屡教不改。一说起中国人的饮食特点他们津津乐道的还是:"中国人什么都吃"。这种情况有点像:无论你怎么解释说"不是每个中国人都打乒乓球",但在老外的印象中所有的中国人都是乒乓高手。Although I have backed up my explanations with real facts and common senses, still they failed to understand this. When talking about the eating habit of the Chinese, they still conclude it with a hasty statement — "the Chinese eat almost everything". It is just like no matter how desperately you want to explain that not all the Chinese can play ping pong, the foreigners persistently convince themselves that the Chinese are all experts in this sport.
后来,我明白了一个道理:在文化交流的初级阶段,即:印象阶段,人们感兴趣的并不是"你的真实情况是什么",而是"跟我们不同的情况是什么"。当对差别的兴趣大于对真相的关注时,偏见的产生也就在所难免。比如,对于西方人,中国人所津津乐道的是他们在男女关系方面跟我们不太一样的一些特点,并且得出结论: "西方人的男女关系都很随便"。其实,这也是偏见。在国外呆过的中国人都知道:老外们只是在结婚之前有点"随便"。Gradually I came to realize that, in the early stage of cultural communication, that is, the stage of impression, people tend to pay more attention to the features that are different from those of their own, instead of the reality in general. .When their interest in cultural differences surpasses their concern for the truth, it is no surprise that prejudices would be generated. For example, the Chinese always notice the differences in sexual relations between the Westerners and themselves, and then jump to a conclusion that "the Westerners are very causal in sexuality". This is also a prejudice. Those who have stayed abroad would know that the foreigners are not so serious about sexual relations only before marriage.
这样想来,我们实际上完全可以用一种更为宽容的心态来对待老外们对中国人杂食的偏见,别忘了,我们冤枉人家的可是更严重的作风问题。从积极的角度来说,印象阶段的偏见也并非一无是处:当人们在差异的比较中乐此不疲的时候,客观上也就促进了人们对文化交流的兴趣。其实,也只有在"乐够了"的基础上,不同的文化才有可能进入交流的更高阶段,即:真相阶段。Therefore, we may as well deal with their prejudices about our eating habit with a more tolerant attitude, because we have wronged them even worse about their sexual life. Seen from a positive way, prejudice in the stage of impression is not totally unadvisable. When people enjoy comparing the cultural differences, they will naturally become more interested in the other's culture. And when people have got enough fun from comparing these two cultures, it is possible for them to go into the next stage – the stage of exploring the truth.
本文转载自张叶的个人空间,要阅读更多作者文章,请移步作者个人空间http://i.myechinese.com/index.php?s=/space/1253 。To see more, please visit 张叶's space athttp://i.myechinese.com/index.php?s=/space/1253