Spanish Basics
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Consonant and Vowel letters (Click sample word to listen) |
| The traditional Spanish alphabet had 29 letters (the 3 special letters are listed below in bold), plus some letters with variations (Spanish accents). Spanish consonant letters: b c (coliflor - cauliflower) ch (noche - night) d f g gu (agua - water) gü h (hora - hour) j (Julio - July) k l ll (repollo - cabbage) m n ñ (mañana - tomorrow) p q r rr (espárrago - asparagus) s t v w x y zSpanish vowel letters: a (alud - snowslide) e (noche - night) i (mediodía - noon) o (hora - hour) u (minuto - minute) y (rugby) Accents and stress letters: á (sábana - sheet) é (huésped - guest) í (mediodía - noon) ó (sótano - basement) ú (azúcar - sugar)Spanish Diphthongs (Most in a single syllable by blending the first vowel into the second): ai, ay (ayer - yesterday) au (auricular - earphone) ei, ey (voleibol - volleyball) eu (neuralgia - neuralgia) ia (mediano - medium) ie (Bienvenidos - Welcome) io (armario - closet) iu (ciudad - city) oi, oy (hoy - today) ua (agua - water) ue (queso - cheese) ui, uy (rosquilla - donut) ui (anguila - eel) uo |
Spanish Grammar |
Nouns |
All nouns are either countable or uncountable, and Spanish has two genders (masculine (-o) or feminine (-a)), for example:chica (f) (girl), fractura (f) (fracture), natación (f) (swimming) armario (m) (locker), patinaje (m) (skating), tenis (m) (tennis) |
Spanish Articles and Pronouns |
Articles Singular Plural
Masculine feminine Masculine feminine
Definite Article el la los las
Indefinite Article un una unos unasPronouns
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Spanish Verbs |
-ar verbs, -er verbs, and -ir verbs are the three regular verbs. Examples: Past participle Gerund Present
hablar (speak) hablado (spoken) -ado -ando -o -as -a
-amos -áis -an
comer (eat) comido (eaten) -ido -iendo -o -es -e
-emos -éis -en
vivir (live) vivido (vivid) -ido -iendo -o -es -e
-imos -ís -enSpanish verbs have 4 moods:Indicative (el indicativo): He hablado (I have spoken) Conditional (el condicional): Habría hablado (I would have spoken) Imperative (el imperativo): ¡no comas! (Don't eat!) Subjunctive (el subjuntivo): Haya hablado (I have spoken, I spoke)In Spanish Indicative, there are 4 main verb tenses: Simple past (el preterito de indicativo): Hablé (I spoke)
Past Imperfect (el preterito imperfecto de indicativo):
Hablaba (I used to speak, I was speaking)
Present (el presente de indicativo): Hablo (I speak, I am speaking)
Future (el futuro de indicativo):
Hablaré (I shall speak), voy a hablar (I will speak)Auxiliary verbs (el presente de indicativo)
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Spanish sentence structure |
Spanish is an SVO language, i.e., "Subject Verb Object". For Spanish exclamation or question type of sentences, inverted exclamation mark or inverted question mark are added at the beginning, while regular exclamation mark or question mark at the end. For example:¿Habla usted inglés? (Do you speak English?) |
- romance [rəu´mæns]
n.中世纪骑士小说 (初中英语单词) - primary [´praiməri] a.主要的 n.居首位的 (初中英语单词)
- sample [´sæmpl, ´sɑ:mpəl] n.样品；试样 vt.尝试 (初中英语单词)
- alphabet [´ælfəbet] n.字母表 (初中英语单词)
- stress [stres] n.强调；压力 vt.强调 (初中英语单词)
- formal [´fɔ:məl] a.正式的；外表的 (初中英语单词)
- spoken [´spəukən] speak的过去分词 (初中英语单词)
- sentence [´sentəns] n.判决 vt.宣判；处刑 (初中英语单词)
- beginning [bi´giniŋ] n.开始，开端；起源 (初中英语单词)
- originally [ə´ridʒənəli] ad.本来；独创地 (高中英语单词)
- syllable [´siləbəl] n.音节；只言片语 (高中英语单词)
- singular [´siŋgjulə] a.单一的；非凡的 (高中英语单词)
- traditional [trə´diʃənəl] a.传统的，习惯的 (英语四级单词)
- feminine [´feminin] a.女性的 (英语四级单词)
- masculine [´mæ:skjulin] a.男性的 n.男子 (英语四级单词)
- informal [in´fɔ:məl] a.非正式的，非正规的 (英语四级单词)
- imperfect [im´pə:fikt] a.不完全的；未完成的 (英语四级单词)
- exclamation [,eksklə´meiʃən] n.喊(惊)叫；感叹词 (英语四级单词)
- consonant [´kɔnsənənt] n.辅音 a.符合的 (英语六级单词)
- indicative [in´dikətiv] a.指示的；陈述的 (英语六级单词)
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