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教皇本笃十六世将成为六个世纪以来首位主动退位的教皇

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Pope Benedict XVI will become the first pontiff in six centuries to resign, marking the end of a transitional papacy that focused more on theological and internal renewal and less on the broader challenges that face the Roman Catholic church at the start of its 21st century of existence.


教皇本笃十六世(Pope Benedict XVI)将成为六个世纪以来首位主动退位的教皇。本笃十六世更加关注神学和教廷内部改革，不太关注罗马天主教会成立以来第21个世纪之初所面临的种种更为广泛的挑战。



The pope's surprise announcement paves the way for a successor who will confront anew the task of rebuilding the church's foundations in an increasinglysecular and skeptical West while continuing to spread its roots in the rapidly growing emerging world.


教皇突然宣布的辞职决定给继任者铺平了道路。在日渐世俗化且怀疑态度不断加深的西方世界，教皇的继任者将再次面临重构教会基础的任务。同时还要继续在迅速发展的新兴国家扩大教会的根基。



The 85-year-old pope, who before his 2005 election was Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, announced the decision to step down in a speech in Latin Monday to a small group of cardinals, saying he no longer had the vitality to perform his duties. Only two top Vatican cardinals were informed beforehand.


现年85岁的教皇周一在一篇拉丁文演讲中向一小群枢机主教宣布了退位这一决定。教皇说自己不再有精力来履行其职责。只有梵蒂冈两位高级枢机主教事前被告知这一决定。在2005年当选教皇之前，本笃十六世也曾是一位枢机主教，本名约瑟夫•拉青格(Joseph Ratzinger)。



'The resignation itself is a real act of courage,' said Terrence W. Tilley, head of the theology department at Fordham University in New York. 'It is showing that he thinks of himself as a servant of the church, not some kind of superstar who should dominate it.'


纽约福坦莫大学(Fordham University)神学部主任蒂利(Terrence W. Tilley)说，主动退位本身是非常有勇气的一种行为。这表明教皇认为他自己不过是教会的仆人，而不是应该主宰教会的某个超级明星。



The resignation of Benedict, who heads a church of one billion world-wide, was emblematic of a pope who, though doctrinal in his teachings, often bucked traditions when it came to opening the Vatican up to the world beyond its medieval walls.


本笃十六世的退位让我们看到了这样一位教皇：虽然在教书育人的时候他遵从教义，但每当涉及冲破教会中世纪的樊篱、向全世界开放梵蒂冈的时候，他又常常逆传统而动。教皇领导的梵蒂冈教廷在全球拥有十亿教徒。



The pope spoke out about the scandals involving sexual abuse by priests that have roiled the church in the U.S. and other Western countries, and removed many clerics implicated in them. Still, he drew criticism from some that he didn't speak out strongly enough or deal forcefully enough with the crisis, which has cost the church hundreds of millions of dollars in settlements with thousands of abuse victims and badly damaged its image world-wide.


教皇对涉及多位神职人员实施性侵的丑闻公开表达了看法，同时解除了多位受此事牵连的教士的职务。性侵丑闻搅动了美国和其它西方国家的教会。尽管如此，教皇还是受到了批评。有些人认为他公开批评的力度不够，或是应对危机的手段不够强硬。为了同数千位性侵受害者达成和解，梵蒂冈花费了数亿美元。这场危机还严重损害了其在全球的形象。



Among the pope's achievements, he took on a centuries-old rift between the Catholic and Anglican churches, introducing a pathway for disaffected Anglicans to enter the Catholic fold. He also tried to lift the veil on the Vatican's opaque finances by bringing in international observers to monitor the creation of the Holy See's first financial watchdog. He was the first pontiff to seize on social media, sending messages to a sea of followers over Twitter.


本笃十六世所取得的成就包括：他试图弥补天主教和英国国教教会之间持续了数个世纪之久的裂痕。通过引入一条途径，教皇让心有不满的英国国教教徒得以进入天主教。他还试图揭开梵蒂冈教廷不甚透明的财政状况上覆盖的面纱：他让国际观察员监督罗马教廷首个财政监管机构的创建过程。他还是首个利用社交媒体的教皇。他在推特(Twitter)上向大量粉丝发送信息。



'His fidelity to maintaining the truth and clarity of the Catholic faith, to cultivating ecumenical and interfaith dialogue and in reaching out to inspire the next generation of Catholics have been great gifts to us all,' said Boston Cardinal Sean Patrick O'Malley.


波士顿枢机主教肖恩•帕特里克•奥马利(Sean Patrick O'Malley)说，他忠于维护天主教信仰的真实和清晰，促进不同宗教信仰人群之间的对话，主动激励下一代天主教徒，这对我们来说都是伟大的礼物。



In all, his concerns were typical of a pope who didn't shy away from the most volatile issues facing the Catholic Church. 'Some people describe him as merely an intellectual who moved in a metaphysical world. No, he's also a man who governed with a huge sense of moral responsibility,' said Cardinal Julián Herranz, who has worked closely alongside the pope.


总的来说，对于一位从不回避天主教会面临的种种问题的教皇来说，他所关切的问题都很典型。这些都是最有可能导致动荡的问题。枢机主教朱利安•赫兰斯(Julián Herranz)说，一些人将他描述成一个搬进了形而上的精神世界的知识分子。不，他还是一个带着巨大道德责任感来治理教会的个体。赫兰斯曾在教皇身边工作。



In his speech Monday, Pope Benedict, who was elected in April 2005, said his strength 'had deteriorated in me to the extent that I have had to recognize my incapacity.' After he steps down, the pope will retreat to a monastery to pray and write, his spokesman said.


教皇本笃十六世在周一的讲话中说，他的体能明显不如以往，以致他不得不认识到自己在体力上的不足。教皇的发言人说，退位后教皇将到一个修道院进行祈祷和写作。本笃十六世是在2005年4月当选为教皇的。



The pontiff's visibly increasing frailness over the past few months had raised concerns that a second consecutive pope might have to govern the church through delicate times while physically debilitated. His predecessor, John Paul II, suffered from Parkinson's disease and his illness played out on the public stage. In 2010, Pope Benedict suggested that a pope would have the right, or even obligation, to step down if he were incapacitated.


过去几个月中教皇明显变得虚弱令外界担心，他可能成为又一位身体虚弱的教皇，不得不在这段微妙的时期治理教会。他的前任约翰•保罗二世(John Paul II)患有帕金森氏症，其病情后来逐渐为公众所得知。2010年，本笃十六世表示教皇有权（甚至有义务）在无力履行义务的时候退位。



'I was with the pope about a month ago, and he looked very tired,' said Msgr. Ricardo Ezzati, the Archbishop of Santiago, Chile. 'He looked like he had the strength of a man who's got great faith but a man who's also tired from his age and the weight of having to carry the church forward at all times.'


智利圣地亚哥大主教埃扎蒂(Ricardo Ezzati)说：大约一个月前，我曾和教皇在一起，他显得非常疲惫。他看上去拥有一个信仰坚定的人所具有的精神力量，但年事渐高以及担负着始终要将教会带往前方的重任令他非常疲惫。



The last pope to resign was Pope Gregory XII, who stepped down in 1415 to end a dispute among competing papal claimants.


上一位主动退位的教皇是格雷戈里十二世(Pope Gregory XII)。他在1415年辞职，以便终结罗马天主教会多位教宗之间的分裂。



STACY MEICHTRY / LIAM MOLONEY


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