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汽车盗窃技术揭秘:如何能在两分钟之内偷走一辆汽车

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I've never stolen a car in my life, but Dick Riefe recently showed me how to purloin a 1989 Chevy Suburban in just two minutes, using a screwdriver for a key.


一生中从来没有偷过一辆车，但是最近迪克•里夫（Dick Riefe）给我演示了如何能在两分钟之内偷走一辆1989年款的雪佛兰萨博班（Chevy Suburban），而打开车门的钥匙就是一把螺丝刀。



Mr. Riefe, 68 years old, comes by his car-theft expertise honestly. He has worked for half a century on vehicle theft-prevention technology here at Nexteer Automotive, one of the leading suppliers of auto steering columns and the securityhardware that goes into them.


68岁的里夫是从正道上获得盗车专业知识的，他在耐世特汽车系统公司（Nexteer Automotive）从事了半个世纪的汽车防盗技术工作，这家公司是世界领先的汽车转向柱及集成安防硬件供应商。



Designing technology to deter car theft is an evolving game of cat and mouse. Car makers and contractors such as Nexteer devise new systems. Thieves adapt.


汽车防盗技术的设计就是一场猫捉老鼠的游戏。汽车制造商和像耐世特这样的零部件供应商设计出新的防盗系统，盗车贼则设法破解。



For the past several years, the good guys have had the edge.


在过去几年里，正还是压住了邪。



The Federal Bureau of Investigation's most recent full-year tally, covering 2010, found a 7.4% decline in car thefts nationwide from the previous year, the seventh straight year of decline. Preliminary figures for 2011 indicate thefts fell 3.3% from 2010. In New York City, police officials say auto thefts have dropped to just 9,300 vehicles last year from about 147,000 in 1990.


联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of Investigation，简称FBI）最近发布的2010年全年统计数字显示，这一年全美国汽车盗窃案件比上一年减少了7.4%，这是连续第7年出现下降。2011年的初步统计数字表明，汽车盗窃案件比2010年减少了3.3%。在纽约市，警方说被盗汽车数量从1990年的147,000辆下降到了去年的9,300辆。



'It's more difficult to steal a car than it used to be,' said Robert Hartwig, president of the Insurance Information Institute, a New York-based industry group.


"偷车比过去更困难了，"总部设在纽约的行业组织保险信息协会（Insurance Information Institute）的主席罗伯特•哈特维希（Robert Hartwig）说。



Still, thieves took more than 737,000 vehicles in 2010, valued at about $4.5 billion, the FBI data show.


尽管如此，FBI的数据显示，2010年偷车贼还是盗走了737,000多辆车，价值大约45亿美元。



Reports have risen in recent years of thieves making off with valuable car components such as air bags -- which can cost $1,000 if purchased legitimately and less on the black market -- and catalytic converters, which contain rare, valuableplatinum and palladium.


近年来，盗贼偷走汽车里值钱部件的报道越来越多，比如安全气囊──正规渠道购买需要花1000美元，黑市上价格低一些；还有催化转换器，里面含有稀有贵重金属铂和钯。



There are also signs that the barriers electronic theft-prevention systems present may not be as daunting as advertised.


有迹象表明，如今的电子防盗系统并不像宣传的那样让偷车贼望而却步。



BMW owners have been alarmed in the past few days by a video that appears to show hoodie-wearing thieves in Britain making off with a BMW in just three minutes, apparently after hacking into the car's alarm system, then cloning the electronic key fob using an easily accessible diagnostic port. There are numerous other videos online showing people using key-cloning gadgets plugged into diagnostic ports.


英国一段偷车的视频让宝马（BMW）车主们深感不安，身穿连帽衫的偷车贼在三分钟内就得手一辆宝马。盗贼显然是先侵入了汽车的报警系统，然后利用可轻易接入的诊断端口克隆电子密钥卡。网上还有很多展示人们如何把克隆密钥的小装置连接上诊断端口的视频。



'The battle against increasingly sophisticated thieves is a constantchallenge for all car makers,' BMW said in a statement in response to the video.


"对所有汽车制造商来说，与经验愈加老道的偷车贼斗法是一项永恒的挑战，"宝马公司在回应这段录像的一则声明中说。



One challenge in Europe, according to a BMW spokesman in the U.K., is that EU rules require car makers to make onboard diagnostic ports easily accessible, and to allow independent mechanics and locksmiths to reprogram keys. In the U.S., BMW only allows dealers to sell replacement keys, said another company spokesman, Dave Buchko.


据宝马公司在英国的发言人称，欧洲遇到的一个挑战是，欧盟（EU）的规定要求汽车制造商必须让车上的诊断端口能够方便接入，好让独立的汽车维修工和锁匠重新编制密码程序。该公司另一名发言人戴夫•布奇科（Dave Buchko）说，在美国，宝马公司只允许汽车经销商出售替换钥匙。



Lists of the most-stolen car models, compiled by the nonprofit National Insurance Crime Bureau, suggest that thievesmainly have an eye on the used-parts market, where mass-market models are more valuable than luxury cars.


非盈利机构美国国家保险犯罪局（National Insurance Crime Bureau，简称NICB）发布的被盗数量最多汽车型号统计资料显示，盗贼主要盯住的是二手零件市场，在这个市场，销量大的车型比豪华汽车更保值。



The most frequently stolen car in 2010 was a 1994 Honda Accord, followed by the 1995 Honda Civic and the 1991 Toyota Camry. The 1999 Chevy Silverado pickup came in fourth and the 1997 Ford F-150 pickup pulled in at No. 5. All of these vehicles were among the top-selling cars and trucks in the U.S.


2010年被盗最多的汽车是一款1994年出产的本田雅阁（Honda Accord），其次是1995款的本田思域（Honda Civic）和1991款的丰田凯美瑞（Toyota Camry）。排在第4的是1999年款的雪佛兰西维拉多（Chevy Silverado）皮卡车，而1997款的福特F-150（Ford F-150）皮卡车则排名第5。所有这些车型都在美国最畅销的客、货车之列。



Advances in electronic theft-prevention technology have taken a bite out of thefts of some models. In 2010, thieves stole 5,331 Honda Accords built in the 1997 model year, but only 533 1998-model Accords, according to NICB data. The difference: The later-model cars had a new electronic key system that immobilized the car if the proper key wasn't used.


电子防盗技术的进步已经降低了某些车型的被盗数量。根据NICB的数据，2010年，偷车贼盗窃了5,331辆1997款的本田雅阁汽车，而1998款的被盗数量只有533辆。区别在于：当有人使用非专用钥匙时，新款汽车的电子钥匙系统可以使汽车无法启动。



'Thefts have gone down,' said Mr. Hartwig of the Insurance Information Institute. 'But, recovery rates have gone down. You have 63% recovered in 2004, and only 56% recovered in 2010.' Thieves move quickly to dice cars into parts, or export them to other states or countries, law enforcement and insurance officials say.


"盗车案件减少了，"保险信息协会的哈特维希说，"但是汽车的找回率也下降了，2004年有63%被盗车辆失而复得，而2010年只有56%。"执法官员和保险业管理人士说，盗贼们行动迅速，他们将被盗车辆肢解成零件，或者把车辆卖到其他州，甚至境外。



At Nexteer, Mr. Riefe's colleague, Larry Burr, carries a customized metal awl in his pocket for prying at parts that looks like just the thing to pick a lock. He helped develop a big advance in the late 1960s when Nexteer, then a unit of General Motors, redesigned steering-column locks so that it took 2,700 pounds of force to pry one out and hot-wire a car, instead of just 350 pounds.


在耐世特公司，里夫的同事拉里•伯尔（Larry Burr）拿着一个用来撬动零件的特制金属锥，这东西看起来就像是撬锁的工具。伯尔在上世纪60年代末帮助公司实现了一次巨大的技术进步，当时还是通用汽车（General Motors）旗下子公司的耐世特对转向柱锁进行了重新设计，这样要撬开此锁并用搭线法启动汽车需要2,700磅的力，而非区区350磅的力。



'That thwarted them, for a period,' the 76-year-old Mr. Burr said.


"那次改进让他们好一段时间无计可施，"76岁的伯尔说。



The advent of the first electronic key systems in the late 1980s and early 1990s began to push screwdriver-wielding amateurs out of the game. Electronic ignition systems, which regularly reset the required codes to start the car, plus stronger systems to immobilize shifters and steering columns made it difficult for unskilled thieves to start a car in the six to eight minutes most were willing to risk in the attempt, Mr. Burr said.


上世纪80年代末和90年代初首次出现的电子钥匙系统逐步把使用螺丝刀作案的业余之辈淘汰出局。电子点火系统每次都要重置所需代码来启动汽车，加上更牢固的锁止换挡杆和转向柱系统，使得偷车技术拙劣的盗贼很难在6-8分钟内启动汽车，多数偷车贼偷车时甘冒风险的时限就是6-8分钟，伯尔说。



One morning in June at Nexteer's headquarters, RC Derocher demonstrated how easy it was to get partial control of a 2007 luxury sport utility vehicle. The powerfully built Mr. Derocher -- at 27 one of the younger members of Nexteer's security-systems team -- grabbed the wheel in a bear hug, and threw his body toward the passenger seat, breaking the hardware that prevented the wheel from turning. Then he gave the shift lever a sharp yank to break its locking system.


6月的一个早晨，德罗什（Derocher）向人们演示了局部控制一辆2007年款豪华运动型多功能车（SUV）是多么容易。身强力壮的德罗什(27岁，耐世特安全系统团队中的年轻成员之一)紧紧抱住方向盘，身子往乘客座位方向一甩，防止方向盘转动的器件就折断了，然后他猛地一拉排挡杆，将锁止系统弄坏。



I was able to start a 1989 Suburban after dismantling the steering column with the screwdriver. Mr. Derocher couldn't get his later model SUV to start, but, 'you're in neutral, and you can steer,' he said. With a couple of accomplices and another vehicle, a thief could push the truck away to a nearby 'chop shop,' where parts could be stripped off for sale.


用螺丝刀拆掉转向柱以后，我可以启动一辆1989款的萨博班。而德罗什却不能启动更新款的萨博班，但他是，"你挂入空挡，方向盘可以转动，"他说。如果有几个同谋和另一辆汽车，盗车贼可以把车挪到附近的"拆卸作坊"，车上的零件就可以被分解销售了。



Most feared by car owners are professionals who use sophisticated gear -- including electronics that can intercept or replicate key codes, and flatbed trucks to pluck cars off a street or lot.


车主们最害怕的是使用精密工具作案的专业盗车贼 ── 这些工具包括能够拦截和复制钥匙密码的电子装置以及能把小车从大街上或停车场里拖走的平板拖车。



Such pros who target luxury cars often intend to export the vehicles, after changing the vehicle identification numbers and swapping out onboard computers, said Christopher McDonold, a former Baltimore County, Md., detective and past president of the International Association of Auto Theft Investigators.


克里斯托弗•麦克唐纳（Christopher McDonold）说，那些专偷豪华汽车的人打算在更改汽车识别码、更换行车电脑之后将其出口。他曾经是马里兰州巴尔的摩县的一名侦探和国际汽车盗窃调查者协会（International Association of Auto Theft Investigators）的主席。



Mr. McDonold, who is now deputydirector of the Maryland Vehicle Theft Prevention Council, said he believes professionalthieves have caught up with theft-prevention technology, using electronic key duplication techniques and stealing vehicle identification numbers to mask a stolen car's identify.


麦克唐纳现任马里兰汽车防盗委员会（Maryland Vehicle Theft Prevention Council）副主任，他说他认为专业盗贼已经跟上了防盗技术的发展，他们使用了电子钥匙复制技术，通过盗窃汽车识别码来掩盖被盗汽车的身份。



The next generation of antitheft technology will be aimed at the pros, with stronger hardware to foil extralegal steering and shifting. Nexteer engineers say a new locking system expected on the market soon was designed specifically to thwart cordless drills, and uses electric motors that respond to signals from the keyless starter system to lock down the steering.


下一代的汽车反盗窃技术将会以专业偷车贼为对象，用更强大的硬件来阻止对汽车的非法操控。耐世特的工程师说一种新的锁止系统即将面世，它针对无线电钻进行了专门设计，并使用了电动装置来响应无钥匙启动系统发出的转向装置锁止信号。



-Joseph B. White


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