酷兔英语


As a kid, I was lucky to have a Dad who was a top-notch book-cover maker, wrapping my school textbooks in brown paper bags that he transformed into precisely folded, sharp cornered, blank canvases.


小时候很幸运,有个会包书衣的极品爸爸,他把棕色的纸袋废物利用,拿来包我的教科书,让书变得服服帖帖,四角挺拔,干净整洁。



But even Dad's covers couldn't fix everything: Some books showed their age with dog-eared pages, highlights, tears and leftover love notes. Plus, they weighed several pounds each, tugging down my JanSport backpack.


但爸爸的书衣无法解决所有问题:有些书渐渐露出岁月的痕迹:书页卷曲,这里那里勾划的重点,纸面撕裂,甚至还夹有传达情意的小纸条。此外,每本书都有好几磅重,让我的JanSport背包沉甸甸的。



This week, I tested a one-stop solution to much of that which ails textbooks: Apple's iBooks 2. This redesigned iPad app offers enhanced educational textbooks that are, for now, focused on high-school students and cost no more than $15 each. Apple's smallest and least expensive iPad can store roughly eight to 10 textbooks, along with other content. (High schoolers have an average of four textbooks a year, according to Apple.) The iPad, itself, weighs just over one pound.


今年2月初,我测试了一种一劳永逸的方案,能解决教科书存在的很多问题:那就是苹果公司(Apple)的iBooks 2。这款经过重新设计的iPad应用程序能用于显示新一代的电子教科书──目前以高中教科书为主,每本价格不超过15美元。苹果公司容量最小且价格最便宜的iPad型号在安装常用软件后,还能存储约八到十本教科书。(据苹果公司统计,美国高中生平均每年使用四本教科书。)iPad本身的重量只有一磅多(约500克)。



These electronic textbooks include interactive materials that seem like they should've been available long ago: multiple-choice questions that can be answered with taps on the screen; embedded videos; dynamic diagrams that change with touch gestures; and flash cards for studying important terms in a book.


这些电子教科书拥有学生们期待已久的互动功能:轻触屏幕来回答多项选择题,内置视频短片,以触屏方式来操控的多样化图表,用来温习重要词条的电子学习卡,等等。



The big catch is you need an iPad to read these textbooks, and schools or parents may have trouble budgeting for these devices. The least expensive iPad costs $499. Apple argues the low cost of books will offset the cost of the device.


然而,有个难题需要解决:你得有一部iPad才能看这些教科书,而学校或父母可能没有为你购置设备的预算,要知道,最便宜的iPad也要499美元。苹果公司则表示,电子教科书的低价格可以抵消购置设备的成本。



Also, some people have trouble reading long passages on the iPad's backlit screen, or find it uncomfortable to hold. In the sun, its reflective surface makes reading nearly impossible.


此外,有些人不习惯用iPad的背光屏幕看大段文章,或觉得把iPad拿在手里不舒服;在阳光下,屏幕反光也会让人几乎无法阅读。



Currently about 1,000 books, 11 of which are textbooks, have the new iBooks 2 features. These include titles from well-known publishers like Pearson Education, Dorling Kindersley and McGraw-Hill; Houghton Mifflin Harcourt books are coming in time for the start of the next school year.


目前,约有1,000本电子书支持iBooks 2的新功能,其中11本是教科书。这些教科书来自于大名鼎鼎的出版商,如培生教育集团(Pearson Education)、多林金德斯利公司(Dorling Kindersley)以及麦格希集团(McGraw-Hill)等。霍顿米夫林哈考特集团(Houghton Mifflin Harcourt)也将在下个新学年开始前推出电子教科书。



But the books also include published works from teachers, experts and regular people who used Apple's new iBooks Author app to create a book. This is a free app for Macs for creating and publishing content. User-created books are approved by Apple and then made available in the iBooks store for free or for a price.


不过,这一千本书还包括教师、专家和普通人用苹果新推出的iBooks Author软件制作出来的电子出版物。iBooks Author是适用于Mac电脑()的一款免费应用程序,用于创建和发布电子书,苹果公司审核用户提交的内容,然后放在iBooks商店中,供用户免费或付费下载。



I downloaded several of the new iBooks textbooks onto my iPad, including 'Biology,' 'Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Life,' 'Chemistry' and 'Life on Earth.' I also downloaded an older AP Biology title without enhancements: Zoomed-in images weren't in focus, and the book lacked interactive materials.


我用iPad下载了几本最新的iBooks教科书,包括《生物学》(Biology)、《恐龙与史前生命》(Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Life)、《化学》(Chemistry)和《地球上的生命》(Life on Earth)等。我还下载了一本老版的电子教科书《大学预修生物学》(AP Biology),里面的图片放大后就变得很模糊,而且没有互动内容。



Delightful animations and gestures abound in these enhanced e-books.


新版的电子教科书画面效果令人愉悦,还能用手势来进行操控。



Tap on any image to see it larger and tap different parts of the image to see animations, like an electromagnetic spectrumdiagram in a science textbook that showed frequency and wavelength as I tapped on images of infrared lamps and lasers. A two-finger pinch returns the image to its place in the book with a playful animation.


点击任何一张图片,就能看到放大的画面;触碰图片的不同部位,还能看到动画演示。举例而言,在一本科普教科书中,我用手指触碰红外线灯和激光器的不同图片,就会显示它们电磁频谱图的不同频率和波长。两根手指往里一捏,图片就带着一个有趣的动画效果,回到起初的状态。



When these books are read with the iPad held in landscape (horizontally), visuals take up large portions of the screen. But when the iPad is in portrait mode, text takes center stage, with smaller representations of each image appearing in the margins. This option to focus on reading could be a real help for kids who are easily distracted. Some titles, however, may only be readable in landscape view.


当水平放置iPad来看教科书时,图片会占据屏幕的较大部分;但竖着放置iPad时,文字内容会占据主要位置,每张图片的缩略图显示在页边空白处。这种设置有助于让容易分心的孩子们把注意力集中到文字阅读上。不过,有些内容只有水平放置iPad才能实现完整的阅读。



Study cards, a digital version of the 3-by-5 index cards you used to spend hours making by hand, are a huge timesaver. Every term in a book's glossary generates its own study card. The front shows the word, and a tap on its corner flips the card to show its definition.


iBooks上的学习卡是3cm*5cm尺寸传统学习卡片的数字版本,以前你得花好几个小时手工制作卡片,现在可省下了不少时间。书中词汇表上的每一个词条都能生成一张学习卡,正面是词条本身,点击四角就会翻转卡片,显示词条的定义。



Even highlighting is easier and looks better in iBooks 2: It works in several colors, and rather than turning on highlighting first, readers simply hold down a finger and start dragging that finger along text to highlight. Study cards also are created for every passage you highlight.


利用iBooks 2,在书上划重点也变得更容易和美观。划线的颜色有多种,而且无须打开这项功能,只要按下手指滑过文字,就能把重点划下来,标注重点的每一段文字会被直接制作成学习卡。



But I found a few bugs. The new iBooks 2 app crashed several times and an Algebra 1 book froze in mid-download. The download didn't complete because my iPad was full, but a notice about this didn't appear, even after rebooting, until several hours later.


不过,我也找到了一些缺陷。新的iBooks 2应用程序在使用中崩溃了几次,而且《代数学1》(Algebra 1)下载到一半就不动了。下载中断是因为我的iPad容量不足,但系统没有马上给出提示,甚至重启机器也无济于事,直到数小时后提示消息才姗姗来迟。



Apple later reported that the file I was trying to download was corrupted, and replaced the file.


后来,苹果公司的报告说我试图下载的那个文件有损坏,并重新更换了文件。



And there are other curious omissions. Some parts of these books, like blank lab charts and chapter review questions, didn't offer a built-in place to enter answers.


此外,还有一些奇怪的地方。在有的教科书上,一些空白的实验报告和章节习题无法输入答案。



For that, I had to create add a digital note in the book (using the iPad's on-screen keyboard) or do the unthinkable -- use a pencil and paper.


在这种情况下,我只能用iPad的屏幕键盘在书上手工创建一条笔记,或采取一个你难以想象的法子──用铅笔把答案写到纸上。



An Apple official said all notes are text-based and there are no current plans for finger or stylus input.


苹果公司的一位经理表示,文字笔记只能通过键盘输入,目前还不能用手指或触控笔直接输入手写字体。



In addition to iBooks, Apple revamped its free iTunes U app, which used to be limited to audio and video lectures for higher education.


除了iBooks的更新换代,苹果还改进了免费的iTunes U应用程序,以往这款软件只能用来学习大学阶段的音频和视频课程。



Now, iTunes U is available for students in kindergarten through 12th grade and can include all sorts of course components like the new iBooks textbooks, outlines, Web links and apps. This content is free, except for in-app materials including things like textbooks or apps. I downloaded Duke University's 'Introductory Chemistry' in iTunes U and it contained 567 videos, books, documents, apps and Web links.


现在,iTunes U向其他年龄段的学生开放,从幼儿园一直到高中阶段,并拥有各种各样的课程内容,如iBooks教科书、课程提纲、网站链接和应用程序等。除了教科书和应用程序等可在程序内购买的项目外,所有内容都是免费的。我通过iTunes U下载了杜克大学(Duke University)的《化学入门》(Introductory Chemistry)课程,包括567段视频,还有不少书籍、文件、应用程序和网络链接。



If anyone can move textbooks into a new realm with interactive, smart gestures, it's Apple. But iBooks needs to work out a few kinks before it can be used as a full replacement for physical textbooks.


只有苹果公司才能将教科书带入一个互动多样、智能操控的崭新领域。但iBooks还需解决一些小问题,才能全面替代纸质教科书。



Katherine Boehret