Passage 1
Good sense is the most equitably distributed thing in the world, for each man considers himself so well provided with it that even those who are most difficult to satisfy in everything else do not usually wish to have more of it than they have already. It is not likely that everyone is mistaken in this; it shows, rather, that the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, which is essentially what is called good sense or reason, is by nature equal in all men,and thus that our opinions differ not because some men are better endowed with reason than others, but only because we direct our thoughts along different paths, and do not consider the same things, for it is not enough to have a good mind: what is most important is to apply it rightly. The greatest souls are capable of the greatest vices; and those who walk very slowly can advance much further, if they always keep to the direct road, than those who run and go astray.

For my part, I have never presumed my mind to be more perfect than average in any way; I have, in fact, often wished that my thoughts were as quick, or my imagination as precise and distinct, or my memory as capacious or prompt, as those of some other men. And I know of no other qualities than these which make for the perfection of the mind; for as to reason, or good sense, in as much as it alone makes us men and distinguishes us from the beasts, I am quite willing to believe that it is whole and entire in each of us, and to follow in the common opinion of the philosophers who say that there are differences of more or less only among the accidents, and not among the forms, or natures, of the individuals of a single species.

1. According to the author, the three elements that comprise our mind are
A. tenacity of thought, capacious memory, quickness of mind
B. precise of wit, ease of conscience, quickness of thought
C. quickness of wit, ease of conscience, quickness of thought
D. promptness of memory, distinctness of imagination, quickness of thought

2. The basic idea of the first paragraph may be stated as follows .
A. all persons have an equal portion of good will when they are born
B. great souls are capable of great evil
C. good sense, in terms of its distribution among persons, may be called common sense
D. good sense is the mark of the truly good person

3. About himself, the author states that .
A. he had always sensed his mental superiority over most persons
B. his awareness of his mental superiority over others was something that grew slowly with experience
C. he actually regards his own mental faculties as inferior in many ways to those of the great majority of persons
D. he has never had the feeling that his mind was more than average in any way

4. The author claims that what sets human beings apart from beasts is .
A. a sense of organization combined with the ability to create
B. the ability to adapt to the surroundings
C. a sense of reason coupled with a strong sense of practicality
D. a sense of reason

5. According to the author the ability to distinguish between the true and the false is .
A. endowed by nature to all creatures
B. endowed in equal measure to all persons
C. more heavily present in some persons than in others
D. an unnatural, cultivated trait in all persons

Passage 2
Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex networkcomposed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public utility services.

The interrelationships of all these prices make up the "system"of prices. The price of any particularproduct or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.

If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define "price," many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product of service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product of service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total"package"being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.

6. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Inherent Weaknesses of the Price System.
B. The Complexities of the Price System.
C. Credit Terms in Transactions.
D. Resource Allocation and the Public Sector.
7. According to the passage, the price system is relatedprimarily to .
A. labor and education
B. transportation and insurance
C. utilities and repairs
D. products and services

8. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in the complete understanding of price?
A. Instructions that come with a product.
B. The quantity of a product.
C. The quality of a product.
D. Warrenties that cover a product.

9. In the last sentence of the passage, "they"refers to .
A. return privileges
B. all the factors
C. buyer and seller
D. money

10. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses .
A. unusual ways to advertise products
B. types of payment plans for service
C. theories about how products affect different levels of society
D. how certain elements of a price" package"influence its market value

Passage 3
In the past oysters (牡蛎) were raised in much the same way as dirt farmers raised tomatoes--by transplanting them. First, farmers selected the oyster bed, cleared the bottom of old shells and other debris (残骸), and then scattered clean shells about. Next they "planted" fertilized oyster eggs, which within two or three weeks hatched into larvae. The larvae drifted until they attached themselves to the clean shells on the bottom. There they remained and in time grew into baby oysters called seed or spat (贝卵). The spat grew larger by drawing in seawater from which they derived microscopic particles of food. Before long, farmers gathered the baby oysters, transplanted them in other waters to speed up their growth, and then transplanted them once more into another body of water to fatten them up.

Until recently the supply of wild oysters and those crudely farmed were more than enough to satisfy people's needs. But today the delectable seafood is no longer available in abundance. The problem has become so serious that some oyster beds have vanished entirely.

Fortunately, as far back as the early 1900's marine biologists realized that if new measures were not taken, oysters would become extinct or at best a luxury food. So they set up well-equipped hatcheries and went to work. But they did not have the proper equipment or the skill to handle the eggs. They did not know when, what, and how to feed the larvae. And they knew little about the predators that attacked and ate baby oysters by the millions. They failed, but they doggedly (努力地)kept at it. Finally, in the 1940's a significant breakthrough was made.

The marine biologists discovered that by raising the temperature of the water, they could induce oysters to spawn (产卵) not only in the summer but slao in the fall, winter, and spring. Later they developed a technique for feeding the larvae and rearing them to spat. Going still further, they succeeded in breeding new strains that were resistant to diseases, grew faster and larger, and flourished in water of different salinities (盐分) and temperatures. In addition, the cultivated oysters tasted better!

11. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Threatened Extinction of Marine Life
B. The Cultivation of Oysters
C. The Discoveries Made by Marine Biologists
D. The Varieties of Wild Oysters

12. In the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a stage of an oyster's life?
A. Debris.
B. Egg.
C. Larvae.
D. Spat.

13. According to the passage, which of the following words best describes the efforts of the marine biologists working with oysters?
A. Persistent.
B. Intermittent.
C. Traditional.
D. Fruitless.

14. In the passage, the author mentions that the new strains of oyster are .
A. cheaper
B. shaped differently
C. better textured
D. healthier

15. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A. Step by step description of the evolution of marine biology.
B. Discussion of chronological events concerning oyster production.
C. Random presentation of facts about oysters.
D. Description of oyster production at different geographic locations.

Passage 4
Chemistry did not emerge as a science until after the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century and then only rather slowly and laboriously. But chemical knowledge is as old as history, being almost entirely concerned with the practical arts of living. Cooking is essentially a chemical process; so is the melting of metals and the administration of drugs and potions. This basic chemical knowledge, which was applied in most cases as a rule of thumb, was nevertheless dependent on previous experiment. It also served to stimulate a fundamental curiosity about the processes themselves. New information was always being gained as artisans improved techniques to gain better results.
The development of a scientific approach to chemistry was, however, hampered by several factors. The most serious problem was the vast range of material available and the consequent difficulty of organizing it into some system. In addition, there were social and intellectual difficulties, chemistry is nothing if not practical; those who practice it must use their hands, they must have a certain practical flair. Yet in many ancient civilizations, practical tasks were primarily the province of a slave population. The thinker or philosopher stood apart from this mundane world, where the practical arts appeared to lack any intellectual content or interest.
The final problem for early chemical science was the element of secrecy. Experts in specific trades had developed their own techniques and guarded their knowledge to prevent others from stealing their livelihood. Another factor that contributed to secrecy was the esoteric nature of the knowledge of alchemists, who were trying to transform base metals into gold or were concerned with the hunt for the elixir that would bestow the blessing of eternal life. In one sense, the second of these was the more serious impediment because the records of the chemical processes that early alchemists had discovered were often written down in symbolic language intelligible to very few or in symbols that were purposely obscure.

16. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The scientific revolution in the seventeenth century
B. Reasons that chemistry developed slowly as a science
C. The practical aspects of chemistry
D. Diffculties of organizing knowledge systematically

17. According to the passage, how did knowledge about chemical processes increase before the seventeenth century?
A. Philosophers devised theories about chemical properties.
B. A special symbolic language was developed.
C. Experience led workers to revise their techniques.
D. Experts shared their discoveries with the public.

18. The word "hampered" in Line 1 Para 2 is closest in meaning to .
A. recognized
B. determined
C. solved
D. hindered

19. The word "it" in Line 3 Para 2 refers to which of the following?
A. problem
B. material
C. difficulty
D. system

20. Which of the following statements best explains why "the second of these was the more serious impediment"(Lines 5-6 Para 3 )?
A. Chemical knowledge was limited to a small number of people.
B. The symbolic language used was very imprecise.
C. Very few new discoveries were made by alchemists.
D. The records of the chemical processes were not based on experiments. Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes) ??Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C） and D）. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

21. United States citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining of tooth decay.
A. occurrence
B. treatment
C. consequence
D. misfortune

22. Since any answer was likely to cause embarrassment to his party, the politician tried to the question.
A. evade
B. delude
C. seclude
D. invade

23. Prof Robert Durig's reputation has been greatly by the success of his new published book "Living in the Paradise".
A. heightened
B. enlarged
C. multiplied
D. enhanced

24. The chair was a moveable wonder, he loved the feeling of power and strength it gave him for so little .
A. efforts
B. challenge
C. exertion
D. exchange

25. She was her brains to remember the man's time, but her bad memory failed her.
A. hitting
B. beating
C. racking
D. exhausting

26. He is trying to take out a for his newly designed airplane engines.
A. loan
B. precaution
C. patent
D. propaganda

27. The people put up their right hands to that they agree with the speaker.
A. signify
B. attain
C. express
D. undertake

28. Any electric products sold in this famous department store will be for one year.
A. protected
B. guaranteed
C. ensured
D. assured

29. Reading became difficult for the old lady, so the optician her a pair of glasses to make her reading possible.
A. subscribed
B. inscribed
C. prescribed
D. described

30. The family was too to evacuate the house when the flood began.
A. obstinate
B. sturdy
C. determined
D. optical

31. On this test-track, the makers deliberately standard production cars to rough treatment.
A. undergo
B. subdue
C. subject
D. treat

32. The applicants to American Universities will be judged without as to race, color, or breed.
A. reference
B. objection
C. discrimination
D. specialty