英语六级考前短文改错实战演练一_学习资料_双语文档

There are great many reasons for studying what philosophers 1.________ have said in the past.

One is that we cannot separate the history of philosophy from which of science. Philosophy is 2.________

large discussion about matters on which few people are quite 3.________ certain, and those few hold opposite opinions.

As knowledge increases, philosophy buds off the sciences. For an example, in the ancient world and the Middle Ages 4.________ philosophers discussed motion.

Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas taught that a moving body would slow down until a force 5.________ were constantly applied to it.

They were wrong. It goes on moving unless something slows it down. But they had good arguments on their side, and if we study these, and the experiments which proved them right this will help us to distinguish truth 6.________

from false in the scientific controversies of today. 7.________

We also see how different philosopher reflects the social 8.________ life of his day.

Plato and Aristotle, in the slave-owning society of ancient Greece, thought man's highest state was contemplation rather than activity. In the Middle Ages St.

Thomas believed a regular feudal system of nine ranks of angels. Herbert 9.________ Spencer,

in the time of free competition between capitalists, found the key to progress as the survival of the fittest. Thus 10.________ Marxism is seen to fit into its place as the philosophy for the workers, the only class with a future.

[注释]

1. are ∧ great → a? a great many为固定搭配，修饰可数名词，意为"很多，大量"，后面的名词用复数形式。

2. which → that? that这里做代词，指代前文已经提到的"history"一词，而which可做疑问代词或定语从句的引导词，代这里不能用。?

3. large → largely? largely这里是副词，意为"在很大程度上"，如果有人打算把large考虑成修饰discussion的形容词，那么，前边势必加冠词a或the,但没有large discussion的说法，所以这里只能把large改换成副词.?

4. an → /? for example是固定搭配，意为"例如"，中间不加不定冠词an。?

5. until → unless? until常和not连用，形成not...until句式，所以not是检验until是否用对的一个标志。这句在说："亚里士多德和圣托马斯·阿奎那都认为一个运动的物体除非给它不停地使力，否则它就会停下来"。unless这里是"除非"的意思。?

6. right → wrong? 这句话说"但是他们那一方面有很好的论证。如果我们研究这些论述和证明这些说法是错误的那些实验，那么我们就会辨清今日科学纠纷的真与假"。根据上下文判断，这里应是wrong。

7. false → falsehood? 这里需要一个名词，因此把false改为falsehood。?

8. different → every? 这句谓语动词和主语均为第三人称单数，而用different修饰的名词一般用复数形式，因此需要改变different。再看下文，列举了诸位哲学家，因此可把different 改为every，既不妨碍句子意思，又符合语法规则。?

9. believed ∧ a → in? believe in 意为"相信"，后常接名词，而believe则为"相信或认为"，后常接从句，因此加上一个介词in。?

10. as → in? 此句意为"斯宾塞在资本主义自由竞争时期，发现进步的关键在于适者生存"，此句的另一表达方式为"Spencer, in the time of free competition between capitalists, found the survival of the fittest as the key to progress."而按现有语序，需把as改成in。

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Aphrodite loved Adonis more than she did to heaven, for 1.________

He was a brisk, lovely young hunter. She abandoned her residence at Olympus and took to the woods, where she dressed herself up like a huntress and kept the youth companion all day 2.________ long.

With him she roved through bushy grounds and groves and over hills and dales, cheering hounds and pursuing game of a harmless sort. They had a great time together. However, she warned him many times to chase wild beasts like lions and 3.________ wolves,

but the young man just laughed at the idea. One day, after warning him thus, she left to Olympus in 4.________

her chariot. Quite by chance Adonis' hounds found a boar, that 5.________ roused Adonis to enthusiasm.

He hit the beast with a dart, and 6.________ the boar, turning on him ,buried its white tusk deep into his tender side and trampled him to death.?

When Aphrodite came back to find her lover cold in death, she burst into a passion of tears. Unable to wrest him back from the low world, she sprinkled nectar on Adonis' blood and 7.________ turned it into anemone, a delicate purple flower.?

Aphrodite was, therefore, still inconsolable. In grief and 8.________ despair she flew to Zeus and implored him to restore Adonis to her.

Though she had Zeus' sympathy, Hades was by no means prepared to comply with her request. After the much dispute a 9.________

compromise was worked out under which Adonis was to spend half the year above ground with Aphrodite, but the rest six 10.________ months in the Elysian Fields.

Therefore, in spring time Adonis came back to the loving embrace of Aphrodite, but when winter came he had to return most reluctantly to Hades.

［参看答案及解释］
1. to → /：did这里代表前文提到的动词loved，是及物动词，不用介词就可直接加宾语。

2. companion → company：keep sb. company是固定搭配，意为"与某人做伴"，companion与company是同义词，都是"伴侣"之意，但companion是可数名词，而company则不可数。?

3. times ∧ to → not： warn sb. not to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为"警告某人不要做某事"。很多有"警告某人做某事"的说法，况且这里根据上下文知道Aphrodite常警告Adonis不要捕猎狮、狼一类凶猛的野兽。

4. to → for：leave for a place,意为"出发去某地"，介词用for不用to。?

5. that → which：这里是一个非限制定语从句，应该用which引导。?

6. and → but：这里有一个语气的转折，前一个分句说"他用标枪投中了这头野兽"，后面一个分句紧接着就说"但这只野猪却向他扑来......"前后形成对比，一个讲人的行动，一个讲兽的行动，两者互相攻击。

7. low → lower：做形容词用的low，有"地位低下"之意，但也常有"品质、道德"败坏之意，所以引申意常代替本意。这里lower world指的是"冥府,地下"，是和地下世界比较而言，因此较常用low的比较级形式。?

8. therefore → however：上下文说Aphrodite把死去的Adonis变成了一种美丽的花，但仍不感到安慰，又向宙斯求助要他向冥王把Adonis讨回。因此，这里如果用therefore则隐含"感到安慰"之意，如果是however，则表转折，意为"仍不满足"。?

9. the → ／：dispute是不可数名词，意为"争辩、讨论"。much dispute表示"大量争吵，讨价还价"，the完全不必要。?

10. rest → remaining：rest表"剩下"时，可说the rest of... 或只说the rest，在这里说"剩下的六个月"是the rest of the year或the remaining 6 months。

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